Analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the United States.

10.3 INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION AND IMPERIALISM

Industrial Expansion in a New Industrial Age

Industrial Revolution

The change from hand methods of manufacturing to machine methods

Industrial Revolution

Brought change in the way people worked and lived

Industrialization brought a shift from an agricultural society to a

manufacturing society

Industrial Revolution

• Began in 1750’s (18th century)• England (Great Britain) was the first country to

industrialize• Ideas and technology spread to other

countries

1. Why was England the first country to industrialize?

• Britain had new technology• new forms of energy

New machines were power operated

Installed in large factories Workers hired for hourly wages

Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny

Power driven loom

English Textile Industry

• The demand for British textiles rose

• The cost of production fell

• The British industrialists made huge profits

• This led to the growth of capitalism

Capitalism– The means of production were

owned by individuals for profit

Great Britain• overseas markets• necessary capital• abundant natural

resources• Became rich

producing coal, iron, cotton

• Railway tracks reduced shipping costs

• Had a liberal system of government• Encouraged economic development• Ideas were exchanged freely• Entrepreneurs could turn their ideas into reality

Great Britain

Spread of Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution spread across Europe and the United States

• Q: why didn’t it spread across Africa?

Natural Resources Fueled Industrialization

Coal and Iron discovered Bessemer Process: new method which

turned iron into steel

• 19th century English entrepreneurs established their factories in urban centers, OR close to water power and coal fields, with easy access to markets.

2. How did scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy bring about massive social, economic, and cultural change?

Famous inventors

• James Watt

• Eli Whitney

• Henry Bessemer

• Thomas Edison

Who invented it and what is it?

Famous inventors

• James Watt

• Eli Whitney

• Henry Bessemer

• Thomas Edison –

light bulb, 1880

Who invented it and what is it?

• Electricity allowed factories to be located anywhere, not just by rivers

Famous inventors

• James Watt

• Eli Whitney

• Henry Bessemer

• Thomas Edison

Who invented it and what is it?

Famous inventors

• James Watt – steam

engine

• Eli Whitney

• Henry Bessemer

• Thomas Edison

Who invented it and what is it?

Famous inventors

• James Watt

• Eli Whitney

• Henry Bessemer

• Thomas Edison

Who invented it and what is it?

Famous inventors

• James Watt

• Eli Whitney –

cotton gin

• Henry Bessemer

• Thomas Edison

Who invented it and what is it?

Famous inventors

• James Watt

• Eli Whitney

• Henry Bessemer

• Thomas Edison

Who invented it and what is it?

Famous inventors

• James Watt

• Eli Whitney

• Henry Bessemer –

process to make steel

• Thomas Edison

Who invented it and what is it?

Bessemer converter

Steel – used for Railroads, Bridges

Scientific discoveries

New Age of Science

• Louis Pasteur – germ theory

• Charles Darwin – theory of natural selection

Assignment –how did scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy bring about massive social, economic, and cultural change?

TECHNOLOGY WHAT IT WAS HOW IT CHANGED EUROPE/THE WORLDScience Pasteurization

Technology Bessemer process

Technology Cotton Gin

Technology Light bulb

New forms of energy coal Steam engine

Rural to urban migration

• Economic changes and new opportunities led to Population explosion in British cities such as Liverpool and Manchester

Social Impact

Urban Problems

Tenements: multifamily urban dwellings were overcrowded and unsanitary

Mass Transit: cities struggled to repair old systems or build new ones to meet demands

Water: No indoor plumbing, collected water in pails from street to heat for bathing, limited access to safe water (cholera and typhoid fever)

Urban Problems Continued

Sanitation: Horse manure and garbage in the streets, sewage flowed in open gutters, factories went unregulated

Crime: pickpockets and thieves

Fire: Lack of water and volunteer fire fighters. Most buildings made of wood, and people used candles

• Increasing population in the cities led to overcrowding

• The word slum comes from “slumber areas”

Growth of Railroads

4. The evolution of work and labor

the demise of the slave trade the effects of immigration mining and manufacturing division of labor the union movement

Demise of the slave trade

• The slave trade was first abolished by the British on March 25, 1807

• There are still 27 million slaves in the world today

Child labor in

England

Coal Mining

• Britain had huge quantities of coal

• Britain became the most wealthy and powerful country

Division of labor

• The Industrial Revolution brought the birth of a modern working class.

What about the rest of Europe?• Crimean War

– Russia was defeated– Austria was isolated and exploited

• Austro-Prussian War

• Franco-Prussian War– Italy and Germany gained territory– Italy and Germany unified– France’s empire was defeated

• Hungarians were granted right to govern themselves

• Russian Czar freed the serfs• United States fought a civil war over slavery