ImperialisImperialismm

ImperialismImperialism ImperialismImperialism – stronger nations taking – stronger nations taking

control of weaker territories.control of weaker territories.

3 factors that fueled American 3 factors that fueled American imperialismimperialism::– Desire for military strengthDesire for military strength

– Thirst for new marketsThirst for new markets

– Belief in cultural superiorityBelief in cultural superiority

ImperialismImperialism

Admiral Alfred T. MahanAdmiral Alfred T. Mahan wanted to wanted to build up the navy to compete with build up the navy to compete with Europe.Europe.

Wanted to gain raw materials and new Wanted to gain raw materials and new markets for goods ($$$).markets for goods ($$$).

Wanted to spread Christianity and Wanted to spread Christianity and “civilize” the world.“civilize” the world.

ImperialismImperialism In 1867, In 1867, William William

SewardSeward urged the urged the U.S. to buy Alaska U.S. to buy Alaska for $7.2 million; for $7.2 million; Called “Called “Seward’s Seward’s FollyFolly” ”

In 1898, the U.S. In 1898, the U.S. annexed annexed HawaiiHawaii..

ImperialismImperialism JingoismJingoism – belief that one’s own – belief that one’s own

country is the best.country is the best.

Map Map Puerto RicoPuerto Rico Pacific OceanPacific OceanGuamGuam Atlantic OceanAtlantic OceanThe PhilippinesThe PhilippinesChinaChinaPanama Panama HawaiiHawaiiAlaskaAlaska

Spanish-Spanish-American War, American War,

18981898

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War Cuba no longer wanted to be controlled Cuba no longer wanted to be controlled

by Spain.by Spain.

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism – newspapers that – newspapers that

printed outrageous stories about events printed outrageous stories about events in Cuba.in Cuba.

William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst – – New New York JournalYork Journal– ““You furnish the pictures and I’ll You furnish the pictures and I’ll

furnish the war.”furnish the war.”

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer – – New York WorldNew York World

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War President William McKinleyPresident William McKinley did did NOTNOT

want to go to war with Spain.want to go to war with Spain.

In February 1898, the In February 1898, the U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine mysteriously blew up in Havana, Cuba; mysteriously blew up in Havana, Cuba; more than 260 men killed.more than 260 men killed.

In April 1898, Congress declared war on In April 1898, Congress declared war on Spain.Spain.

“Remember the Maine and to hell with Spain”

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War In the Philippines, In the Philippines,

Commodore Commodore George DeweyGeorge Dewey led the U.S. and led the U.S. and destroyed the destroyed the Spanish navy.Spanish navy.

U.S. took control of U.S. took control of the Philippines.the Philippines.

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War In Cuba, In Cuba, Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt led the led the

Rough RidersRough Riders at at San Juan HillSan Juan Hill..

ALSO . . . The American navy destroyed ALSO . . . The American navy destroyed the Spanish fleet in Cuba.the Spanish fleet in Cuba.

““Splendid Little War”Splendid Little War”

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War Treaty of Paris, 1898Treaty of Paris, 1898::

– Spain gave Cuba its independenceSpain gave Cuba its independence

– U.S. gained Guam and Puerto RicoU.S. gained Guam and Puerto Rico

– U.S. bought the Philippines for $20 U.S. bought the Philippines for $20 millionmillion

Large Large volunteervolunteer force force

Training camps did not have enough Training camps did not have enough weapons, supplies, or effective leadersweapons, supplies, or effective leaders

Troops wore heavy, wool uniformsTroops wore heavy, wool uniforms

Civil War veterans spent more time Civil War veterans spent more time telling war stories than training soldierstelling war stories than training soldiers

Imperialism Imperialism in Latin in Latin AmericaAmerica

ImperialismImperialism U.S. forced Cuba to add the U.S. forced Cuba to add the Platt Platt

AmendmentAmendment::

– No foreign treatiesNo foreign treaties

– U.S. could use land U.S. could use land for military for military

ImperialismImperialism Cuba became a Cuba became a protectorateprotectorate (country (country

partially controlled by a stronger partially controlled by a stronger country) of the U.S.country) of the U.S.

How do you How do you get from get from

the Atlantic the Atlantic Ocean to Ocean to

the Pacific the Pacific Ocean???Ocean???

ImperialismImperialism In 1903, President Roosevelt agreed to In 1903, President Roosevelt agreed to

build the build the Panama CanalPanama Canal (already (already started by the French).started by the French).

But . . . But . . . U.S. needed permission from U.S. needed permission from Colombia; U.S. supported rebellion in Colombia; U.S. supported rebellion in Panama.Panama.

ImperialismImperialism

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary U.S. would protect its U.S. would protect its economic interests in economic interests in Latin America.Latin America.

Added toAdded to Monroe Monroe DoctrineDoctrine (protect (protect Western Hemisphere)Western Hemisphere)“Speak softly and

carry a big stick”

ImperialismImperialism Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy - Taft increased - Taft increased

American investment ($$$) in Latin America.American investment ($$$) in Latin America.

Anti-Imperialist LeagueAnti-Imperialist League – believed it was – believed it was wrong for the U.S. to rule other people wrong for the U.S. to rule other people without their consent.without their consent.

ImperialisImperialism in Asiam in Asia

ImperialismImperialism European nations had claimed European nations had claimed spheres spheres

of influenceof influence and claimed economic and claimed economic privileges ($$$) in specific areas of privileges ($$$) in specific areas of China.China.

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy – John Hay asked – John Hay asked other strong nations share trading rights other strong nations share trading rights in China with the U.S.in China with the U.S.

OPEN THE DOOR, PLEASE!!!OPEN THE DOOR, PLEASE!!!

ImperialismImperialism In 1900, Chinese nationalists started the In 1900, Chinese nationalists started the

Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion and killed hundreds and killed hundreds of missionaries and foreigners.of missionaries and foreigners.

Wanted to get rid of “foreign devils.”Wanted to get rid of “foreign devils.”

Why was the Open Door policy an Why was the Open Door policy an appropriate term for United States appropriate term for United States policy toward China at the turn of the policy toward China at the turn of the twentieth century?twentieth century?

A.A. Because it encouraged the Boxer Rebellion to Because it encouraged the Boxer Rebellion to open the door of China to foreign conquest.open the door of China to foreign conquest.

B.B. Because it tried to open China to trade with Because it tried to open China to trade with all nations, not just those that had carved out all nations, not just those that had carved out “spheres of influence.”“spheres of influence.”

C.C. Because it extended the Monroe Doctrine to Because it extended the Monroe Doctrine to cover China and Pacific Rim nations.cover China and Pacific Rim nations.

D.D. Because it opened the doors of the United Because it opened the doors of the United States to large numbers of Chinese States to large numbers of Chinese immigrants.immigrants.

Theodore Roosevelt’s approach to Theodore Roosevelt’s approach to foreign policy reflected the proverb foreign policy reflected the proverb “Speak softly and carry a big stick” “Speak softly and carry a big stick” becausebecause

A.A. He allowed U.S. troops to beat foreign He allowed U.S. troops to beat foreign natives for breaking U.S. laws.natives for breaking U.S. laws.

B.B. He studied West African methods for He studied West African methods for negotiating with foreign powers.negotiating with foreign powers.

C.C. His soft-spoken personality made His soft-spoken personality made foreign leaders trust and admire him.foreign leaders trust and admire him.

D.D. His negotiations were always backed by His negotiations were always backed by the threat of military force.the threat of military force.

In the late 19In the late 19thth and early 20 and early 20thth centuries, centuries, United States involvement in Asia and United States involvement in Asia and Latin America was motivated Latin America was motivated primarilyprimarily by the desire to by the desire to

Prevent the spread of dictatorshipsPrevent the spread of dictatorships Protect United States investments and Protect United States investments and

tradetrade Spread technological advances to Spread technological advances to

these areasthese areas Gain more land to resettle the growing Gain more land to resettle the growing

population of the United Statespopulation of the United States