ANAT Intro

7/24/2019 ANAT Intro

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INTRODUCTION TO

ANATOMY

Bernell K. Dalley


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Anatomy Definition - anatome = up ana! " #uttin$tome!

Di%#ipline% of anatomy

&Ma#ro%#opi#

&Mi#ro%#opi#

&De'elopmental

&Neuroanatomy

Approa#( to %tu)y of $ro%% anatomy

Upper e*tremity Ba#+

,ea) an) ne#+ T(ora*

A)omen el'i% an) perineum

/o0er e*tremity


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Ba%i% for Terminolo$y

Term% informati'e

Nomina anatomi#a

U%e of eponym%


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Anatomi#al o%ition

Bo)y ere#t

,ea)1 eye%1 toe% )ire#te) for0ar)

/im% at %i)e% of o)y

alm% )ire#te) for0ar)


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Anatomi#al lane%

Me)ian = 'erti#al1 front to a#+ in mi)line

2rontal #oronal! = 'erti#al1 perpen)i#ular

to me)ian

,ori3ontal tran%'er%e! = parallel to floor1

perpen)i#ular to me)ian1 #oronal

4a$ittal = 'erti#al1 parallel to me)ian


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Me)ian plane

Of o)y

Of (an)

Of foot

4a$ittal plane


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Tran%'er%e

plane Coronal

plane

Coronal plane


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Term% of Dire#tion Medial = closer to median plane

Lateral = further from median plane

Anterior (ventral) = towards front of body

Posterior (dorsal) = towards back of body

Superior (cephalic) = towards head

Inferior (caudal) = towards bottom of feet

Superficial = towards surface of body part

!eep = towards center of body part

Pro"imal = nearer ori#in or attachment

!istal = further from ori#in or attachment


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4+eleton

Ri$i) %upport for o)y an) it% part%

Component% of %+eleton5

&Bone

&6oint%

&4tru#ture% a%%o#iate) 0it( 7oint%

&Cartila$e


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Bone - 2un#tion%

rote#tion

4upport

Mo'ement

Cal#ium %tora$e

,ou%in$ loo)-formin$ #ell%


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Type% of Bone%

/on$ one%

&Diap(y%i% = %(aft

&Metap(y%i% = %(aft a)7a#ent to epip(y%i%

&8pip(y%i% = 9: o%%ifi#ation #enter

4(ort one%

2lat one%

Irre$ular one%

4e%amoi) one%


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Bone Mar+in$% Lines rid#es crests

$ounded elevations& %uberosity trochanter tubercle

& Protuberance

& Malleolus

Spines processes

&ossae notches #rooves

&oramina

'anals Meatuses

eads and condyles

picondyles


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4pine of

%#apula

Cre%t of

le%%er tuer#le

4piral $roo'e

/ateral %upra#on)ylar

ri)$e

Me)ial epi#on)yle

;reater tuer#le

Cora#oi)pro#e%%


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6oint%

Conne#tion% et0een #omponent% of

%+eleton

4tu)y of 7oint% = art(rolo$y


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2irou%1 Cartila$enou% 6oint%

2irou%

&4uture

&4yn)e%mo%i%

&;omp(o%i%

Cartila$enou%

&rimary

&4e#on)ary


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;ro0t( #artila$e

erio%teum


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4yno'ial 6oint%

Bone% of 7oint %eparate) y a 7oint #a'ity

6oint %urfa#e% line) 0it( (yaline #artila$e

6oint #a'ity line) y %yno'ial memrane

Arti#ular #ap%ule #o'er% 7oint %pa#e


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Periosteum

Joint capsule

(fibrous)

Synovial fold

Joint cavity


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Type% of 4yno'ial 6oint%

lane

,in$e

Con)yloi)

i'ot

4a))le Ball an) %o#+et


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A%%o#iate) 6oint 4tru#ture%

/i$ament%

&Intrin%i#

&Cap%ular

&8*trin%i#

Cartila$e%

&Arti#ular )i%#&Meni%#u%

&/arum


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erio%teum

6oint #ap%ule

Arti#ular )i%#

6oint #a'ity


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Cartila$e

;ro0t( plate%

Bri)$e et0een one%

4moot(1 uniform %urfa#e%

4(o#+ a%orer%


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Diap(y%i%

8pip(y%eal plate

8pip(y%i%

Arti#ular #artila$e


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4+eletal Mu%#le%

Morp(olo$y

&arallel

&ennate

Namin$ of mu%#le%

&4(ape A#tion

&Atta#(ment /o#ation

Role% in mo'ement

Type% of mo'ement


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arallelUnipennate Bipennate


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arallel ennate


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Mu%#le Role% in Motion

rime mo'er = mo%t re%pon%ile for a#tion

Anta$oni%t = oppo%ite a#tion a% prime

mo'er

4yner$i%t = a%%i%t% prime mo'er in a#tion

2i*ator = %taili3e% 7oint )urin$ a#tion


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Type% of A#tion%

2le*ion

8*ten%ion

A)u#tion

A))u#tion ronation

4upination

Cir#um)u#tion

rotra#tion

Retra#tion

Oppo%ition

8le'ation

Depre%%ion

/ateral en)in$

Rotation

In'er%ion

8'er%ion ,ypere*ten%ion


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Ner'ou% 4y%tem

Central ner'ou% %y%tem

&Brain

&4pinal #or)

erip(eral ner'ou% %y%tem

&Cranial ner'e%

&4pinal ner'e%&;an$lia

&Autonomi#%


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Typi#al 4pinal Ner'e

Root% rootlet%!&Dor%al = afferent = %en%ory

&


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Dor%al root


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Dor%al root $an$lion

Dor%al : ramu%


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le*u%

Intermin$lin$ of ner'e fier% from more t(an

one %our#e

4pinal ner'e = of )ifferent %pinal ner'e%&Cer'i#al

&Bra#(ial

&/umar&4a#ral

Autonomi# = of )ifferent autonomi# fier%


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C>

C?

C@CT

Intermin$lin$fier%

Bra#(ial ple*u%


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C?

C>

C

C@

T


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;an$lia

Colle#tion% of neuron #ell o)ie% out%i)e

t(e CN4

Dor%al root&4en%ory #ell o)ie%

Autonomi#

&o%t$an$lioni# neuron #ell o)ie%

D l t li < t l t


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Dor%al root $an$lion


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Autonomi# Ner'ou% 4y%tem

Automati#

Re$ulation of 'i%#era

8fferent motor!

9-neuron pat(0ay

9 anta$oni%ti# part%

&4ympat(eti#

&ara%ympat(eti#


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4ympat(eti# Ner'ou% 4y%tem

Al%o #alle) t(ora#olumar %y%tem T-/9!

re$an$lioni# #ell o)ie% in lateral (orn

re$an$lioni# fier% lea'e %pinal #or) 0it(

'entral root%

/ea'e %pinal ner'e 'ia 0(ite rami

#ommuni#an%

o%t$an$lioni# #ell o)ie% in $an$lia

&4ympat(eti# #(ain para'erteral!

&Collateral pre'erteral!


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4ympat(eti#%1 Continue) On#e in %ympat(eti# #(ain1 fier% may

&4ynap%e at t(at le'el1 re-enter %pinal ner'e 'ia$ray ramu% #ommuni#an%

&;o up t(e #(ain efore or after! %ynap%e

&;o )o0n t(e #(ain efore or after! %ynap%e&;o t(rou$( 0it(out %ynap%e in #(ain a% %plan#(ni#

ner'e%!

4plan#(ni# ner'e%

o%t$an$lioni# fier% $o to effe#tor or$an%

re$an$lioni# fier% relati'ely %(ort

po%t$an$lioni# relati'ely lon$


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/ateral $ray #olumn

(ite ramu%

#ommuni#an%

;ray ramu%

#ommuni#an%


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4ympat(eti#% - 2un#tion%

repare% o)y for fi$(t or fli$(t

In#rea%e%5 (eart rate1 loo) pre%%ure1 loo) flo0 to%+eletal mu%#le%1 re%piration

De#rea%e%5 eri%tal%i%1 loo) %upply to 'i%#era1$lan)ular %e#retion

Dilate% pupil% Note5 no %ympat(eti#% in

a##ommo)ation!

4timulate% %0eat $lan)%

4timulu% $enerali3e)1 lon$-la%tin$


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ara%ympat(eti# Ner'ou% 4y%tem Cranio%a#ral outflo0

&Cranial ner'e% III1


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ara%ympat(eti#% - 2un#tion%

re%er'e t(e o)y a% a 'e$etati'e or$an

De#rea%e% (eart rate

In#rea%e% peri%tal%i%

Con%tri#t% pupil

A##ommo)ate% eye

8mptie% la))er1 re#tum

4timulate% %ali'ary1 la#rimal1 )i$e%ti'e $lan)% 4timulu% )i%#rete1 lo#ali3e)1 %(ort-li'e)

Note5 no para%ympat(eti#% to loo) 'e%%el%1 %0eat

$lan)%


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Bloo)

Documents

ANAT Intro