ANATOMY for Colon Cancer

8/8/2019 ANATOMY for Colon Cancer

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Mouth is the first portion of the alimentarycanal that receives food and saliva.

Esophagus or oesophagus sometimesknown as the gullet consists of a muscular

tube through which food passes from the

pharynx to the stomach.


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Stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part

of the alimentary canal which functions asthe primary organ of the digestive tract

S

mall intestine finishes the process ofdigestion, absorbs the nutrients, and passes

the residue on to the large intestine. The

liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are

accessory organs of the digestive system

that are closely associated with the small

intestine.


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Large intestine serves as a reservoir forthe liquids emptied into it, through the

ileocecal valve, from the small intestine. It

has a much larger diameter than the smallintestine. The large intestine, or colon,

may be divided into the cecum, ascending

colon, transverse colon, descending colon,and sigmoid colon.


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The primary function of the colon is to

absorb water and electrolytes

(substances, such as salts, that in solutiontake on an electrical charge) from the ileal

contents and to store fecal material until

it can be evacuated by defecation.


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Rectum (from the Latin rectum

intestinum, meaning straight

intestine) is the final straight portion

of the large intestine. The human

rectum is about 12 cm long.


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LAYERS OF THE MUSCLE OF

COLON


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The mucosa is the innermost layer of the

colon. Major components of the mucosa

include a single layer of epithelial cells, alayer of connective tissue (the lamina

propria), and a thin muscle layer (the

lamina muscularis mucosae).The mucosa is lined with goblet cells,

which are glands that secrete mucus to

help move material through the colon.When you get a colonoscopy or

sigmoidoscopy, it's your mucosa that the

doctor's inspecting for polyps.


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Just outside the submucosa is a band of

circular muscle. The band surrounds the

entire colon and is the first half of the

muscularis externa. When this circular

muscle contracts, it helps move waste

material along the colon. If you prefer a

more familiar example, envision a fat,

flexible hose with some water standing in

it. If you were to wrap your hand around

that hose and squeeze, the water would

move along. Circular muscle performs the

same sort of function in the colon.


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The second half of the muscularis externa is

comprised of a band oflongitudinal

muscle. It's referred to as "longitudinal"because it runs lengthwise along the colon.

When this muscle contracts, it works in

conjunction with the circular muscle tocreate a wavelike motion (called peristalsis)

that moves waste material through the

colon. For a familiar example, think ofsomeone playing an accordian. When the

longitudinal muscle contracts, it makes the

colon shorter.


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The serosa is the outmost layer of the

colon. If you think of your colon as a gardenhose, the serosa is the part of the hose that

touches your hand. The serosa is also called

the adventitia and its main purpose is tomake sure your colon stays put while you

move around.


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C. Nursing history.History of present illness: Colon cancer

Admitting Diagnosis: Abdominal mass,

Abdominal enlargementAdmitting physician: Dr. Avelin0 Obispo

Admission: August 25, 2010

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ANATOMY for Colon Cancer