Anatomy of Maxilla

7/24/2019 Anatomy of Maxilla

1/46

Anatomy of Maxilla


2/46

Maxilla

It is the second largest bone of the face

It forms the upper jaw with the fellow of theopposite side

It also contributes to the formation of

1. Floor of the orbit

2. Roof of the mouth

. !ateral wall of the nose

". #terigopalatine and infratemporal fossae

$. #terigomaxillary and infraorbital %ssures


3/46

Anatomy of the maxilla

&he anatomy of the maxilla has two main parts'

1. (ody)pyramidal shape*

Anterior surface

#osterior surface

+rbital surface

,asal surface

2. #rocesses

-ygomatic

Frontal

Aleolar

#alatine


4/46


5/46

Anterior /urface'

Incisie Fossa' 0epressor septi nasi

+rbicularis oris

anine fossa'

!eator anguli oris

Infraorbital foramen

)aboe canine fossa*

Infraorbital neres and essels

Aboe sharp border between

anterior and orbital surface'

!eator labi superioris

,asal notch' 0ilator ,aris

Ant ,asal /pine


6/46

#osterior /urface

It is directed bacwards and laterally

It forms anterior wall of the infratemporal fossa

Anterior and posterior surfaces are seperated by ridge which leadsto the socet of 1stmolar tooth

,ear the centre of posterior surface 2 to openings of dentalcanal for posterior superior aleolar essels and neres

At the lower end there is a raised maxillary tubrosity which isrough in the upper part of its medial end for tubercle of thepalatine bone which has the attachment of super%cial %bres of the

medial pterigoid muscles Aboe this smooth surface which forms the boundry of the

pterigopalatine fossa is grooed for the maxillary nere3 thisgrooe is continuous with the infra orbital grooe


7/46

+rbital surface

/mooth and triangular

Medial border

,otch' lacrimal notch

(ehind this it articulates with the

!acrimal

+rbital plate of ethmoid

+rbital process of palatine

#osterior border' /mooth3 rounded and it forms greater part of

infraorbital %ssure in middle infraorbital grooe Anterior border' forms orbital margin 3infraorbital grooe and canal4

a little lateral to this is lacrimal canalis which passes in the anteriorwall of the maxillary sinus and reaches in the nasal caity andopens in the side of the nasal septum in front of incisie canal

A little lateral to the lacrimal grooe there is attachment of inferiorobli5ue muscle of eeball


8/46

,asal /urface

In its upper posterior part there is a large maxillary hiatus whichleads into the maxillary sinus

In articulated sull this hiatus is completed by ethmoid and lacrimalbones

(ehind this there is a rough impression for the perpendicular plateof palatine bone

More anteriorly concal crest for articulation with inferior nasalconcha&he upper jaw inside view

1 6 frontal process42 6 lacrimal grooe4 6 cleft maxillary sinus4" 6 infratemporal surface4

$ 6 palatine process46


9/46


10/46

Maxillary /inus

!arge pyramidal caity with its apex directed laterally towards the8ygomatic process

(ase is towards the lateral wall of the nose

In articulated sull it is reduced by

Aboe

#rocess of ethmoid

0esending part of lacrimal bone

(elow' inferior nasal concha

(ehind' perpendicular plate of palatine

It opens into the middle meatus of the nose.

+ccasionally there are projections in the maxillary sinus from roofto anterior wall


11/46


12/46

#rocesses

-ygomatic' it is rough and pyramidal

Front'it is contineous with the anterior surface of body

(ehind)concae*'in continuity of the posterior surface

Aboe' articulates with 8ygomatic bone

(elow)arched border* which anterior and posteriorsurface of the body


13/46

Frontal #rocess'

!ateral /urface'

9ertical ridge )!acrimal crest*

:rooe for the lacrimal sac

Medial surface' It is rough and uneen and articulates with the ethmoidand also closes the anterior ethmoidal sinus below ethmoidal crest

;pper end' Articulates with the frontal bone

Anterior border with the nasal bone

#osterior border with the lacrimal bone


14/46

Aleolar processes' It has thic arched borderbehind and contains socets to receie roots ofteeth which ary in si8e and depth

anine deepest

Molar widest and subdiided into minor socets byseptae


15/46

#alatine #rocess' &hic strong hori8ontal

Inferior surface is concae and presents numerous foramina forpassage of nutrient essels and contains depressions for lodgement ofglands

:rooe for grater palatine 9essels and neres

Incisie fossa leads into the incisie canal

/ometimes anterior and posterior incisie foramen for longsphenopalatine nere which communicates with the greater palatinenere

;pper surface' forms the


16/46

Maxillary Artery


17/46

9einous drainage


18/46

,ere /upply


19/46

!ymphatics


20/46

Mandible

!argest and strongest bone of the face

ured hori8ontal body4 conex forwards

It has two rami which project upward from posteriorend of the body

&he body is horse shoe shaped


21/46


22/46


23/46

=xternal /urface

Faint ridge' symphisis menti

Mental protuberance in the triangular area belowsympisis menti

Mental tubercle on each side of mentalprotruberance

Mental foramen between premolar teeth

+bli5ue line


24/46


25/46

Internal /urface

Myelohyoid line

/ub mandibular fossa

/ub lingual fossa :enial tubercle

Myelohyoid grooe


26/46

(orders ;pper boder'

/ocets for the mandibular teeth are present

!ower border)(ase* presents a digastric fossa

Ramus

!ateral /urface

Medial /urface

Mandibular foramencanal

!ingula6 mylohyoid grooe

Inferior border is continuous with the angle of mandible

;pper (order' Mandibular ,otch


27/46

Arterial /upply of Maxilla

and Mandible


28/46


29/46

,ere supply of Mandible


30/46


31/46

9einous drainage of

Mandible


32/46

#rocesses'

ondylar

oronoid

Mandibular canal

Age changes in mandible


33/46

Age changes in mandible


34/46

Applied AnatomyMuscle injuries' Its cause and e>ects

Incisivus labii Superioris:

0uring the exposure of the bone ofpremaxilla between the canines 3amucoperiosteal


35/46

Mylohyoid muscle

/urgical manupulation of the


36/46

Genoiglossus muscle

0uring the eleationof thelingual mucosa before maingan impression for asubperiosteal implant a portionof the muscle may be re


37/46

Medial pterigoid

&he medial pterigoid muscle

binds the pterigomandibularspace medially 3during surgicalprocedures inoling the area ofpterigomandibular spaceinfection may occour and may bedangerous due to its closedproximity to the pharyngealspace

/urgical exposure of the tissueposterior to the maxillarytubrosity may also inole themedial pterigoid muscle as a partof the muscle originates fromthe maxillary tubrosity


38/46

Lateral pterigoid muscle

&he lateral pterigoid muscle %bres are placed in an angulated manner

and because of this there may be pain in patients with a full archedsubperiosteal implant or prosthetic splint


39/46

Mentalis muscle'

omplete re


40/46

(uccinator muscle'

Myositis of the detached buccinator muscle in patients withsubperiosteal implants may cause swelling and pain at the site of originof the muscle

, i j i


41/46

,ere injuries

Inferior alveolar nerve:

&he nere may bedamaged easily whenmaing an incision orre


42/46

Lingual nerve

&he position of the nere islateral to the retromolar padthe incision should remainlateral to the pad and the

mucosal re


43/46

Nerve to mylohyoid:

&he nere lies in closed relation to the ramus of mandible hence it isprone to get damaged during surgical interention


44/46

Long buccal nerve:

@hen the ramus is accessedfor the purpose of a blocgraft excision great caremust be tae to protect thisnere from injury

I j t l


45/46

Injury to essels

Maxillary essels' 0uring the surgical orthognathic

procedures the major nutrientartery of the maxilla aresometimes damaged3 but theblood supply is maintained by

anastamosis present in the softpalate


46/46

&han ou

Documents

Anatomy of Maxilla