ANATOMY &PHYSIOLOGI OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

8/8/2019 ANATOMY &PHYSIOLOGI OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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ANATOMY &PHYSIOLOGI OF

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM



• Nose

• Pharynx

• Larynx

• Trachea

• 2 bronchi(one bronchi to each lung)

• Bronchioles and their coverings- thefleura

• Muscles of respiratory –theintercostal muscles and the

diaphragm

The organ of therespiratory system are;





Airway Anatomy

1.Upper AirwayAnatomy

-All structureslocated above

glottic opening.2.Lower AirwayAnotomy

-





Nose and Nasal structure.

• POSITION

– The nasal kavitiis the first of therespiratory organ and consists

of a large irregular cavitydivided into 2 equal passagesby a septum.

–

FUNCTION1.Warm *Due to the immense vacularity of

the mucosa



• 2)Filtering and cleaning

• -air occurs as hair at the anteriornares trap langer particles.

•

• 3)Humidification

•

-occurs as air travels over the moistmucosa and becomes saturatedwith water vapour.



PHARYNX

• position

• -12-14cm long that extends from thebase of the skull to the level of the 6th

cervical vebtebra.

•

• Function

• 1)-passageway for air and food

• -is an organ involved in both therespiratory and the digestive system.



• 2)Warming and humidifying-the air is further warmed and

moistened as it passes through thepharynx.

3)Teste-there ere olfactory nerve ending of

the sense of teste in the epitheliumof the oral and pharyngeal parts.



• 4)protection -the lmyphatic tissue of the

pharyngeal and laryngeal tonsilproduces antibodies in respone toantigen,eg.microbes.



LARYNX

• ‘Voice box” extends form the root of thetongue and the hyoid bone to thetrachea.

Structure -Cartilagesthe main cartilages are;

1.1 thyroid }2.1 cricoid } hyalinecartilages

3.2 arytenoidcartilages }

4.1 epiglotitis (Elastic



Thyroid cartilage

1.Largest laryngeal cartilage

2.

3.Shield shape4.

5.Cartilage anterioly,smooth muscle

posterior6.Adam Apple

7.Glottic opening directly behind.







Cricoid cartilage

• Below the thyroid cartilage

•

•

1st

Tracheal ring

• Compression (sellict

maneuver)occludes esophagus





Function of the larynx

Production of sound

1.Pitch- depends open the length andtightness of the cords.

2.Volume –depends upon the forcewith the cord vibrate.

3.Resonance or tone –depends open

the shape of the mouth,theposition of the tongue and thelip,facial muscles and the air in theparanasal sinuses.

4.



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TRACHEA

Position

• Bifurcates (divides) at carina.

•

Right ,left bronchi• 10 -11cm long and lies mainly in

front of the oesophagus.

•



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BRONCHI ANDBRONCHIOLES

• Branch into 2nd ,3rd bronchi thatbranch into bronchioles

• Right bronchi about 2.5cm and left5cm.

BRONCHIOLES -No cartilages in wall -Small smooth muscle tubes



ALVEOLI

• ‘Balloon like” clusters

• Site of gas exchange

•

Lined with surfactant FUNCTION

• Control of air entry

•

Warming and humidifying• Cough reflex



LUNG

• 2 Lung-one lying on each side of themidline in the thoracic cavity.

• Cone-shaped-having an Apex,abase,costal surface and medialsurface.

• Right lung=3 Lobes, Left lung=2Lobes

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PLEURAL

1.Visceral pleura -is adherent to the lung covering

each and passing into the fissures

which separate them.2.Parietal pleura -is adherent to the insite of the chest

wall and toracic surface of the

diaphagm.

3.Pleural cavity

-potential space in health



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ANATOMY &PHYSIOLOGI OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM