Anatomy & Physiology of the Muscular system

By: Chanelle BantaAudience: Anyone who wants to learn about the muscular system

Definition of Anatomy & Physiology

• Anatomy- the study of structure

• Physiology- the study of function

3 Types of Muscle• Skeletal

Muscle

• Smooth Muscle

• Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle• Organ of the muscular system

• Composed of primarily:

• skeletal muscle tissue

• nervous tissue

• blood and other connective tissue

Functions of the Skeletal Muscle

• Movement

• Posture

• Stabilizes joints

• Heat

• Protects organs

Connective Tissue Covering

• Fascia is the layers of dense connective tissue that holds the individual skeletal muscles in position.

• Tendons are cordlike or bandlike mass of white fibrous connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone.

• The connective tissues associated with a muscle form broad, fibrous sheets called aponeuroses.

Muscle Flow ChartMuscle

FascicleMuscle Fiber

MyofibrilSarcomere

Neuromuscular Junction• Neurons establish communication networks throughout the body.

Muscle Contraction

• The neurotransmitter that motor neurons use to control skeletal muscle contraction is called Acetylcholine.

Types of Contraction• Isotonic contraction changes

the muscle length.

• Isometric contraction that does not change the length of the muscle.

• Concentric contraction shortens the muscle.

• Eccentric contraction is the force in a muscle less than that required to move an object.

Smooth Muscle

• Multiunit Smooth Muscle

• Visceral Smooth Muscle

Two Major Types:

Multiunit Smooth Muscle• the muscle fibers are less

organized and function as separate units, independent neighboring cells.

can be found in the irises of the eye

Visceral Smooth Muscle• composed of sheets of spindle-

shaped cells held in close contact by gap junctions.

Cardiac Muscle• appears only in the heart

Cardiac Muscle

• Striated cells joined end to end

• Forming fibers interconnected in branching

• Three-Dimensional networks

Composed of :

Origin & Insertion

• Origin is the immovable end of a muscle.

• Insertion is the movable end of a muscle.

Direct & Indirect Attachments

• Direct Attachment is where the connective tissue fuses with the bone.

• Indirect Attachment is where outer connective tissue forms a tendon that connects to the bone.

Major Skeletal Muscles

• Pectoralis Major

• Deltoid

• Extensor Digitorum

• Biceps Brachii

• Sternocleidomastoid

• External Oblique

Muscles Of Facial Expression

• Epicranius

• Orbicularis Oculi

• Buccinator

• Zygomaticus Major & Minor

Muscles That Move the Head & Vertebral Column

• Sternoclediomastoid

• Splenius Capitis

• Semispinalis Capitis

• Quadratus Lumborum

• Erector Spinae

Muscles That Move The Arm

• Coracobrachialis

• Pectoralis Major

• Teres Major

• Latissimus Dorsi

• Supraspinatus

• Deltoid

• Subscapularis

• Infraspinatus

• Teres Minor

Muscles That Move The Hand

• Flexor carpi radialis

• Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Palmaris longus

• Flexor digitorum profundus

• Flexor digitorum superfilialis

• Extensor carpi radialis longus

• Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Extensor digitorum

Muscles That Move The Leg

• Biceps femoris

• Semiteninosus

• Semimembranosus

• Sartorius

• Rectus femoris

• Vastus lateralis

• Vastus medialis

• Vastus intermedius

Muscles That Move The Foot

• Tibialis anterior

• Fibularis tertius

• Extensor digitorum longus

• Extensor hallucis longus

• Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

• Plantaris

• Flexor digitorum longus

• Tibialis posterior

• Fibularis longus