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THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL BASED ON CONSTRUCTIVISM

AND CRITICAL THINKING TO ENHANCE BIOLOGY CONCEPTS AND KNOWLEDGE

CONSTRUCTION ABILITIES OF TENTH GRADE STUDENTS

By

Jira Deechuay

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

Department of Curriculum and Instruction

Graduate School

SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY

2011

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50253904 MAJOR: CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION

KEY WORDS: INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL I CONSTRUCTIVISM THEORY I CRITICAL THINKING I

BIOLOGY CONCEPTS

JIRA DEECHUAY :THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL BASED ON

CONSTRUCTIVISM AND CRITICAL THINKING TO ENHANCE BIOLOGY CONCEPTS AND

KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION ABILITIES OF TENTH GRADE STUDENTS. THESIS ADVISORS:

ASST.PROF.WATCHARA LOWRIENDEE ,Ph.D. AND PRASERT MONGKOL Ed. D. 282 pp.

The objectives of this research were to: 1) develop an instructional model based on constructivism

and critical thinking to enhance biology concepts and knowledge construction, 2) study the effectiveness of

instructional model based on constructivism and critical thinking to enhance biology concepts and knowledge

construction and the students' opinion towards the instructional model. The samples were 86 tenth grade

students of Nawamintharachinuthit Satriwitaya Phutthamonthon . The research instruments were lesson plans,

biology concepts test, knowledge construction abilities test and questionnire .The obtained data were analyzed

by mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, dependent t-test and content analysis.

The research results were as follows :

l) The instructional model based on constructivism and critical thinking to enhance biology

concepts and knowledge construction abilities of tenth grade students named "RPCSE Model" were

appropriated as verified by experts. It consisted of 8 components as follow: principles, objectives, social

system, principle of reaction, support system, contents and nurturant effects. The process comprised of

5 phases: 1. reviewing knowledge, 2.providing fundamental knowledge and skill, 3. constructing concepts and

critical thinking, 4. sharing and 5.enumeration.

2) The results of RPCSE Model implementation were found that the biology concepts of an

experimental group were statistically higher than a control group at the .05 level. The knowledge construction

abilities of the experimental group were statistically significant higher than the control group at the .05 level.

The students opinions towards the instruction with the instructional model were overall at a high agreement

level. Whereas on the aspect of learning activities they perceived at the highest agreement level and on the

aspect of the usefulness aspect they perceived at the lowest agreement level.

Department of Curriculum and Instruction Graduate School, Silpakom University Academic Year 20 II

Student's signature.. ·················r"A"·····

Th . Ad · ' · kv(~ Lr .. -.... · .. ~.. . ..... . eSIS VISOr S Signature I. ......... .

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22

5. m1lJ\1'1lJ11t1l u mn1f Nv~firmlJf 'IJ!l~ir nl1 vu i\aJliVlJMrnnll~ 4 'Yil1 ~11 vu ~11 m.J

#11 v m ~ u 1u null~ nu 11 vu m1 ff!l'W 11 u u u nti l1' ~ n-l1 nvu 11 vu •

':J) l'u (Independent Variable) fl!l tl1~U1'Wtll11l'.,m111 V'Wtll1ff!l'W

~~~111\J fH~'W 1) tl1:.""l ' Q,l ""' ' ""'"" Q,l ""'

fl!l'W \1'1'11 tll'11'lilJ1 1lJtlUtll1 fl_,!l VHlJd~ 11\\J '1J1\U lll1:i: 2) tl1:i:U1'W tll'l ~_,tll'l I 1 V'W tll1 \l!l'W IIUU

unti

2.2 l'l111U'll'lllJ (Dependent Variables) fl!l

2.2.1 lJ 1u'l'lr~um~:Jl1i'V1V1'1lll~irm1vu

2.2.2 fi11lJl1'1lJ111l i 'W f111llf1~!l~rlfi11lJf •

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23

3.

"" .:!1 ~ J "' d. d d

24

·~ ,. • ~ Ji .. 1) l'l:i1~~'W~ (Sharing) 5) 1'1>1~\HJUildll.J~

111ll.JI'll'11~ (Enumeration)

m~u1um~~"'m~~~vum~nouuumln~ 11m~~~ m> 'lll'ln~m > l.Jm> ~ ~u m> l'lou l'lll.J ~ 'j/ I 'jl '1/

~i:lofl~ 1um1fl-crl'l>fll>ftflm'liuVIuJ!l'W 9l~tl>~floufi'1~ 3 'li'WI'Ill'W ilo I) 'liuth'll'l~UVl~~'W 2) 'j/ , 'j/ v 'JJ

'li'W i1 ~fl'j'jl.J fll'j ~ ~'W fll'jfllJ'W 3) 'li'Wfl'jtl 'll~il'l 'W'Ii'W n~m 'j l.Jfll'j ~ ~'W fll'j{'llJ'W tl> ~flou.i' 1~ fll'j '

m> ~1~ m> oihh1~ lll1~fll> H'II~'Wm'11tl>~flllUfll> ~ ~'W m>l'lll'W _, ~ ~ ~ _, v ' -' .. & .. ~. '. u~~tl''flliNtll'll ~ll~~'ililli'UO~Jlli!UUfll~I~!J'I!ill~tl'll'l! \1l.J 1 ~(1 ~ fl ~~~ 'W 'W V1 ll'l ~ 1 flfll 'j l 'II

lfl ill~ i:lol 'I)~ 1 'W flll 1'1 'j 1 ~ l'lllUfl1ll.Jl'll.JI 111lJ l'll.J ~m ~ ~Vll)lJ~ II l1~ fl1ll.J I~ 'W 1 tJ1fi''llll~ ~ 1 ~ ~ tJ11 UU

m> ~ ~u m> l'lll'W 11'1 vf1'1;V1'111\1J 11 l1~fll> l11>tl 11uurm ~ vu m> l'lll'W 1 tlVJI'I l1ll~ 1 i' tl>~ flllU .1' 1~ • 0 •

lfli ll~)jll fill II UUVl~ l'lllU ll'll.J 1 'W llfi\J Vll~:j)1lV1 Vl II UUll'l lldll.J l'lll.Jl) t11 'W fll'j l'l~ 1~ ll ~ fi fl1ll.J f lll1 ~II U U 1lllU tlll.Jfl1ll.J ~1'1 I t1 'W '\Ill~ iJ' il~ ~'W ~ lJ ~ llfll 'j 'I) 1'1 fl1 'j ~ V 'W ~I'll )J 'j tl11 U U fll 'j ~ ~'W fll 'j 1'fll 'W

• •

l.J A'l!'llfltl'fiH~ 1l'fi!Jl \1l.JlV~~ fl~ II 'W 'W ~ 1.1' ~ 1 flflll ll'l fl11)J AI'!~ II 1'11'1 ~ llll fl~ ~ lldl)J f . . .

lldllJI '11'1 h1n ~1nud'lll\11:j)1lV1 Vl ~~ ll~ fll'j~ l~Vllll'lllfllJ\U~~'W'Il fl'j'j)J 11'1 Vll'l ~ lflll UUVll'l 1llJU

u1'Wlli'IUVll~:j)1lV1V19l~tJ>~flllU.i'1Vfl111J1lll.Jl>t1l'W 4 fi'l'W fill 1) fl111J1lll.Jllt1l'Wflln~u '

llfllJ\U~ li'llftylll1~ 1vt oHllfllJ\U~ 1hlty 2) fl111J1lll.Jl> t11 'W fll'j ~111 'W fl ~ ~~ I~'W i'1Tiltll~lll1~ 1v1 oH

1'11mil~ 3 l m1u 1lll.Jl > t11 'W m» ~'!J fl!Ju 1 m11'1u 11 l1~ 4 l m1u 1lll.Jl> t11 u m > 1 i'u 1 u '11 I'IUl u

~ • ' • & .d~. ~ 1 fl1ll.Jtl'll.Jl~l.l !'I! fll~tl'~ Hll~iHl1ll.J~ \1l.Jl ~(1 ~ fl ~~~ 'W 'W V1 ll'l ~ lfl fll'j 11'1 fl111J 1ll!Jl > \1 'W •

GJ 'j) "" '

.. 'IJ'Il'll 2

fll'i 111 VI~ V~ fll'i'WWJU 1~ 1.] U 1111 fll'i ~ VU fll'i lHJU 1'11lJ'I'l!lEI Qfi VU !1'1'1 i' fl~i9JIJ-i 11Jrl 11

fll'i iil'lmh~iiim'iru t)!1Wl.;1Vll1'~1J ff~ NIJ 1 u 'l'lrnl '1'11~:Jf1i'l'lv1 ui:1:::fi111J l1'11J1'i o 1 u fll'i ff~ mnri'

fi111JJ '\JV~Ilni1vuiu:W1ivlJftflE11ll~ 4 rj11lv'l~finm '11llflf11'i uu1iil'l 'l'l!lEIQ Ui:1:::~1ui1lv~ ' .

lflV1'll'v~ .r~~v'll.lil

= ' 1'1'1V1fY1l1'1'\'i

2.

d = 3. f11'iVVflU1111f11'il'iVUfl1'iffllUl'll~'i:::1111 (Instructional System Design)

4. ~1.lU1111fl1'il~VUfl1'il1'llU (Model ofTeaching)

5. m:::mu m'iil'lfll'i ~ VUfl1'il1'llUU1111 l.ln~ ""' ., 'JJ .::1 ""' "">"">.dl

6. fll'l'ilfifll'il'i VU~I'\11J'I'l!lEitJfillU l1'1'1'ifll'l1'lfiJ (Constructivism) Q I .QQ

7. fl1'ififi!JV1~1J1~1'itl!t)!1tl! (Critical Thinking)

s. m'i1ll'lm'i~vum'iffvuh1\il~'~IJ iu'l'lr~.W

• • cv .:!1: cv4 v '11 t1 111)'1'1 'iII 11'\l 11 t1 H 111 '>f'lflEI1 'IJ 'II '1'1 'II ill 'II 'l'j 'llti 1'1 11 'i 1 'If 2551

25

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26

""' ' ""- 9}4 ,. IIJ v 0 ~ 31 :¥1 "' 'il""-ll1\111Jf1l):lll'l1'i:::tll'i 1 'i vu~ 1'1'1V1ff1l'll'l'i t"tll\11-l" l!ll'l'iJl11-l tll'i 1 'i vu~ 1 u111:1J 1Vtll'i'Vli'JJU 11!;jl 'i vu

""' .% ~ ""' "~u (m:::m1~fff1'1J11itll'i 2551: 4-7)

1'1'1 v1ff1l'll'l { ii1J'I'l1Jl '1'1 rl1fi rut~ 'luff' HW hn tl~ ~ uu m1::: !lm fll'l l'Vl'i 1::: 1'1'1 mff1l'll'l f u •

"'""' 9 l qWW d. ""--1 "" 1u m'i ft1J tl'll::: 111fl1l:~J¥ 1111 :::m> u~tl!U111.;i11 mf111l11V 1 11' H'i1 vu ii 1i't'l'lfJ1u 1l'l TI:Ji1ml'l~ii

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27

' ' d. "'~"" OJ """ v

Ul,::'rl 2 '111~fl11U~U1~iltlll

lJl\ll1~1U 12.Jl.,j'll~~~ll1_,~!llJlU\'I'lN~U 111llJfflJ'IfUJi''i~'Hll~~~l!1_,J:i'!llJrl1J:Jlll'l

m1:wifmf'U .fi, ~ 11 -i1~ ~ ~ll:Jl11'l~W1l u 'i ~1J'LJ'Wl1ff llm ~1J 11-1 rmft1Jlfil~ 'Hlfl11:Wfu il~ ~l'll'VlVl fflfll'li' ~v1:1n~ ~~r; u'U ~~~il~'ihm1:wfhn ~ • •

lJll'l'iJllU 1 2.2 l.,j'll~fllllJffltlt)!'\J!l~'V11'VIVlfl'i1i'i'ilJ'lll~ f11'il~'V11'YIVlfl'i1i'i'ilJ'lll~ • ~ • "' _, ; 0 ·'1-'' ., ~ ~ ~ !U'i~.,1J'Vl!J~()IJ lJ'i~l'Vlff Uil~ lilfl Ulfl1llJ~ lJ !'li!UfllH.,fll'i'Vl'i'VIUlfl'ili'i'ilJ'llll'l Uil~

~ ~~~ 1.,J:i'::'H-il~filJU~'\Jll~fil'irl1J

1m ~fi~l~Uil~ u' ~ Vl'lm~ Vl'i ~Wll~lll-!!1111 ii n' ~mum> ft1Jl 'ffl~'H 1111llJ~ u C~~ ~ l'll'Vl Vlffl'ffl'l 1 • • .,; d d d v o •'1-" •- 1 ; ' 'ff!l'ffl'i'ff~'Vll'iVU~UCI~UllllllJ~ lJ l'lllJ'i~ !U'liU

lJll'l'iJllU 1 3.2l.,j'llu'Hllflf11'i Uil~1i'i'ilJ'lll~'\J!l~f11'ilU~UUUUil~'ffmU~'\Jll~'ffl'i m;

lfl.,'ffl'i Cl~CllU flmfl.,UQtnUl iJm~mU fll"ift1Jl'ffl~ll1llJf Uil~~l'll'VlVlffl'ffl'li' ~!l'ffl"i ~~~ d • 0 .'1_, •• _,; ' l"iUU~Uil~Ulfl1llJJ 1J l'lllJ"i~ !V'liU

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.. v i\'11~'11 5 'I'HI~HII

mlll"i:iJ11-l1 s.1 l'll'11~m1lJ!1'lJ~u£;~"H'i1nn1~~1unum;fi1H;illl rm11l~vu~1l vn1~ ~1u 1l fi lllJ~u £ nwh~ rr1; 11

29

,s 91 91 o '

n m11 Ni11'1 fi \U '11'1111'1 11\i VlJ, 'l.i l ~'l.i 1 ~ 1 V"llUIIll~ Nll.i!l ~ ~ Jl9i11'111ll ~ ~ ~ 111flft !llJ

1. 1'1i'1 h"llilA '

30

"" ""

f111lJ ~~ l #If U ~ 111111 'l ifl'l1~1'1 'l1~ !YVU • 14. ~V!'f1'lf111lJfl~ f111lJ~~1flH;;jf11'l\i1'l1~1'111~!YVU 1~Vf11'l'l:;l~ 1~V'W ;)~l!!'f~~'fl~V

H1l'lf11'W 1-.,~ff11ff'Wmfl Gl 31 ')I ""' "'"~ 0 ""'""' ..,g 'JI

15. t'lff111lJ~l!;;j:i:f1'l :i:U1'W f11'l'V11~1\'1Vlfl1!'fl'l'l t 'Wf11'l~1H'lf11'1 f11'lflf1

31

4. 1 ~ en1WJu 1m~ u 1\J fl11 fi., u l1 ~; u 1'1\J 1 m1 f111lJ l1'1lJ 1 Hl1u flU wl'if 'lJ m u l1 ~

1lflfll1 ifll-J~ 11.Jfll1~tll1'11 Ul1~f111lJl1'1lJ11\l l\Jfll11'lflft\J 1 ~

s. ~~vhfl'l1~"11tl'flli~m1lJllm1uli"1~"111H1"Vl~1ft1l1'1'1! I"Vlflt\J tl1v lJ1l1lJlJl-JVUl1~

l1' i1 WI I I 1fll\' tJ lJ l\J I~~ ~iJ ll"Vl ll "VIl1 U l1 ~ l'll1 f11 ~ "Vl 'I.J~ ~ tl\J I I l1 ~ tl\J

6. ~~vu1m1JJ~m1m.u'1'l~ 'luliv~1"Vl~1f11l1'1'11ul1~~"Vlfltu tl1li'hJH'hl'lnf1111~ 1~'!fu • ~m'l' ~fllJUl1~fll1 fin ~9!11'1

7. ~~v'l11'fluill~l'lfl~ ilflwnnlJ ~~~n11lJ Ul1~fi1il~lJl1.lm1H'1"Vl~1f11l1'1'l!ul1~ '

' ' d ' • " I"Vlfl !\J !l1Vtl~1~l1'11~l1'11fl

..::.....,...,, ""'V-"" J

~ V\J j l'll1 Vf19i11'l ~ ~ ~ ~ 111:; l1''1.J f111lJ ft1 ~~ ~ l\J fll1 fi 11 U\J 9!11'1 7. m1i~ vu fll1l1'tl1.l .1' v~ ri ~ 1 l1'~ :w u11 ~ 'li'WJu 1 N'i1 v u hl'il 1 ~Ill fl~ fl\U n 11:w ~ ~ v n 11lJ . '

fi1ilv:w~mm:; l1'lJI'itJ1"Vlmf11l1'1'11 I"Vlfll\J 1l1li !'l'~ fllJUl1~~ ~u1flli'

32

11:: vl1i '11' f1 ru !l1'Vl:f511'1 'll u~ :w u '>I If~ n-i1 ~ 1 tlu mi 0 0 "

1u nn i1 v u fl1'HIVU 1'111 :Jn1'V1 v1ll ~ 1 tl' u fl11 H'm:; mu m1 11 ~ 1 fll'l nn li111 11 0

1'111\l!IVlJ fl11'V1~llV~ ull'1111~ll~hl'm~~1::1J1J!tlmn1nm1 !!U1fl~ !!ll::m]'>~Q fl11i1vu A Q A & 1 ~ GJ 9) !i)od. j} 'j} 'j} d d,j G) :ill!] 'j) ~

fl11!1UU1'111'li11'V1V1\l~)J~!UU 11-'lf;j!1V1.Jf11.J'Vl1Jf111lJ~~1VI'IWU~lJlfl'V1!)'~ !VlU 11-1 t~m

• • m:; mu fl11 u ll:; m1:w f .1~ u u m1 ~~ m1 ~~ vu fl11 !IVU :Jh1'V1 v 1 ~ ~ 1h l'h1-1 mvi ~il

" 1. !~V Mt'l1'11\l1-1llflfl11 !!ll::'Vlq '>~Q ~ttlu~ujpu 1u l'li1:Jn1'V1V1 2. !~ V l '11'1 'll'1l \l'IJU1J!'IJI'I'IJVn11:W'll1~!!ll::'1fu~1rl~'IJU~l'll1:f51l'V1V1

. . ..!! 9 V"" l1VUJ I1J I'll !1.J'll11'1!lft::fl111J1::flU1JVl'liVlllJVf;I!1VU !~l1V1.J1'V1V1fi1!11'11 ~~V !~11Jfl11fl1::'JU !1-1

lfl~f111lJ~Ul¢1U 'li'1'V11Vrl1Jfl11!~i'l!!lfl11.Jfl11ul 1-1 ~ VU\]!1-11 ilnwh:wnull~ Mil u11ij1JR \l~ ~ n \l:;

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fllflm> cl' ~ ~ lli1~'l M vd1~il m 'l m1 rm 11 A il~n> ~ )J m~ i~ ~u nl>lfvu ~~if! v ~ lfvfl ml' v~ nu lfnl'W "" ~""' 'j} ' JlJ tlif'lrll1'1ilf11~ ftUlfl'W~l'W'W~~~l'JH'h~ llmllJtllu'1'1'1~

~vl1'1~'1.i'vdwwv~ 2 m'>~l rl1ml'1'1'1mmlJfiA Nlil'l~luvvNlf~l~lf»rl ~~Juv1'iimr~~l'l i1lJ1u~fl'liVUilimY'~fllJ hn

3. !Y~tlf~lJ1 1-1'1Ini~ vuilin'>l~ iu nm{mu lll1~Ult'l'lfl1 u 1l11imJ"v1 miml91'1 um>

u fiul'l ~ 1 u v d1 ~il1.h di'l'l il m'W 1 w ~11 rl'v 1 1-1'1 n • y,d,"" 'J}d

lll1 ~'W ~ !J )J'I'l ~ ~ ~ 1lJ'W rll Ul'l'l !J ~() u

' 'i1Am'f'IU1U ' '

m1nl1'1'1>1 ~ ~(1 vu milu m 1:Jlu Ylf'll1'1'111'1'1~1 'W'I'llilJ\U 'Yil1 l-i~"lfrllmNi1 vu 1 1-ftll'W flU~ ~'Vj '1'1 1if'l1l1''W 1 'f'l~ Vf'l1l1''W 1~ 1>1u '11' u \i v ~A t1l1 n u 1 'li\)!1'\J!l ~tf'l>'>l il i1 ~ 'W!llVl~~

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34

.::! ""' .::1..::! d ""'"' "' 0 "' 4. lJ!J''IIflWHllV U () 1u nmttl' Ut1J'f1l!J1lri» fll'i H'l ~ ""' lrj ~ 1 ~ .: "" 'j}

tf1'l!tlJ 1 V~ll v N\J tll'lll~ !'f1 m:: \llJ 1J -u Yl -u l! lll 'llll~ 'f1 !'f1 'J f1 ~v-u fmil~l'im~ll~ nwllm-u tt • •

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35

'j}"" """ .d "' '1 '~ ,.d 1 ' 'j}dt lll1~ f1l 'i J ~ fll1ll f1llW ~'Vl[jl'l fl'i 'i lJ lJ 'Vl ~1h ~ l1' ~fl 'Vlll' ~!'Ill fl'i ~ 'V11J 1'1 !li'IU l!H llll ~ f;l!lU

5. fldllJ ll'llJl'i fJlU f1l'j li'l'VlfllU lll V l~U fldllJ ll'llJl'i fJlU f1l'j l~!lflllll ~ l ~l'Vl fllU lll V

m1 nll'l'l 'j ll nu nm ~ m 'j fimn~ u vi u 'illU :U wl'mu 1 r1'~ vu 1 ll'ii mull' n £J w ~ ti u .W nh ~ l1' ~ fi OJ "" q OJ ~

~~ v1 l1' ll'llJ l'i fJ v~·:hml'u ~riu 1u ft' ~f1lJ '1.1' v ~1 ~ iim1u !)''II lUi! 1u :::1 ~u 'Vlmiiv ~ '1 'VI Vllll~ 'Vll1 h fl ~ d' .,~u

9Jid • 4. !Hl'iVUJ

5. !l~!l~N'Vl!llWV~

6. ~~Ju1umnimu

7. ~flfldllJl~Ul'VIV

s. ii~l'lll'ln11W:::

• 0 ""' """ """ """ .

~ ~ n 'll11'1 llll ~ n1 'j ~ n., fllllJ 11l11fl11l11 v 'Vll ~ 'll1 111 'Vllll1 ~ fllllJ

f111lJI1lll fll1l11V 'II !l~ ~ ~ ij 'il11'1 ~ l1V!ll'Vl 'II !l ~ 'i :::11 1J U l1f1 fll 'i nJ~ VU ll U l1 ~ll 'VIU ~'II !l ~ ~ ~ ij 'il11'1

l1' lll'Vl !1'1111 '.}if 'I! m~ ~ln., li' !llJ u11~ 'VI ~'Vl mm n 11 u 'lfl~lu 'i ~ .lml' !l ~ ~ u 1::: .lu u 1 ~ l 'VI 11 ull ~ 1 ~ l'lu

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36

lll fl H 'W 1 'VI N l 'W fl11 lJ tl~ tl'W H OJ~~~ n'hn:f'\!'111 ~ ~ ll11'1 ;:1' VlJ II OJ ~'VI-j '11 ~1!11 li 11lJ'lll~ 11 ~IIH'W lW ~

fi 1l iJ 'W fm l~11 d'~ tl 'W 1 fll.lii'Ol~ if I'll 'W 1 ~ ~ H 11'1 ;:1' VlJ H OJ~ 'VI-l '11 ~ 1!11 li 11 lJ 'Ill~ '

~~v1!1'till'1fl11lJ~ fl1llJfll'1 fl1llJt'll'1h ff1JJnt1'11mruv~vrr11~~~i~vuj iJ • • fl1llJffllJ11t11 unnl'11>1ilu h t'ilumuri1'11V~nml1fl1llJj1 uli\h~ 1v'll'll'1u'li11>1ll1~1i'rl'u iJ~I'l ' . ""' ,/ "'> I "'> d 1'VIVll'flff\111 IJW li11lJ ~1 Vli 11lJ ll

V li U 1 Vfll1 flfl lOl Vfl 1'11lJ li 11lJ 'Ill l'llt

37

1 2.2 lJ.4-6/2

1 2.2 lJ.4-6/3

v iltl ~ 1~ I I 'W 1'1'11 ~, 'W f11~ l'lv~ n 'W wi'l 'jJ il 'I! 111~ ~II 11'1llVll II l1 ~'VIi' '11 ~1m 1i ~ ~ lJ 'lf1 A 11~11H'WIIl1~•hilu m~1~1~~1'~ vu i'ml lll1::'11~~JJu 1~ ~lnl'lllVmll1::

'

1 8.1 lJ.4-6/l

1 8.1 ll.4-6/2 ~ """ d~ ~ "" .

38

emil rm 1 tJ~ vu 11 tJ l1 ~ "t.~'tri vM v:u l1 11 l1 ~ tJ ~ ~ 11 nll' 'Vl v1 u 1 '11ll rvi m9i m1 1v Mwl'~ •

~1m~:u ~~~1mv 111' ilnmn •~l1'vumh~~~l1fl~~-r~!lu ,_;, i tJunn vv:u i'u1~u ·~ ' !nllJ~ t '11lJ

..,.~ ~.X'jJc>.cu !,J''jJc>."'lv.K ..it • "' "' .Ji l 'Wfl1~1~Vm ~'WH1~Vfn ~'W l'nM ']j Ill ll'l11 l~ll~fl1~f:11V'Ylllfll1fl'!Jlli~ 'Vll~'Vl'W lim~ IJ ')j~ . . ' y y

tJ ~ ~ fllllJ .Ji1VlJ 1 fl ~ i! 1 'WI I \1:: i 1;-Jfl fl ~U

m m l! 1u 11.2 1 .U 1 h m ~mum~ 11 l1:: t111 IJ 1:\'1 11 ty'll ll ~ m ~ ci 1 V'Ylll t1

1 8 .I lJ .4-6/3 fi\Hr1'111U'l1lJ '11' lllJ (1 ~A' ll~ vhm !II 1 tf ~ ll V}1~ llA 1mh ftlrl w tf ~ ll v~ll N (1~ llA 1 . " mhtu U~ \)v~filU!jlJ 'hJ11'\' 11(1::~11-JTW fl~ ~'1Jll~f111 ft111~1'111~\"YllU l~lJ1J1'

1 .I' r~ (1 ~ ll m 1:w l ~mi' u rYl vww

1 8.1 lJ.4-6/4 l~vn11."YI'Il'Yifliifl11i v1imru~H'lum1rl'~m~'~ m11'~'~ m1rl111~ 1'111~\"Yvu ' '

t 'j} ~ :il .1~1'111~\"YllUllfi1~lJmi'!N(l 1~Vl V11.J 'H !1mnwJ'1~V~ ' ~ 'H ~ u II' u frfm~:u l~ :u l ~ llM1}1!1' n l! 1u B' 1'1 il ~ ~ l ~u (ill 1 .1' 11 (1:: vv:u ~ u -i 11m:w f l ~ :u !l1 ~ ll f111l1i ~ vu II 11 (1 ~ 1 .i'lrl tJ M lll.J l1l m:: 111:: ll mr Vl V11.J 1 'H l.h vi w~ lJ }1~ ll Mml'~ ~1m~:u ~ ~'11'1'YI1V 111' llm11'1n~\"YtJUtJth~1::;l1'1'11::1~!lu '111 'l1iim1 vtJ:u ~ul~u •

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40

. . lfH! i' 1J'f1 1-llVfll'i i1 V'W~ 1'1~ tll '1 ~ 1 V'Vl1'l ~ 1:1' flll !U~ Vl U 1i f1'i '1 IJ 1h ~ f11'l1J .\' 'l V !1'1 '1 ~ .f ~ U •

i:1nlol!l!~'Vll~YlU1if1'i'11J 1m11J 1'HIJ fll'illD~l'H d' .d '}I C.J A d o IIJ _ 1 r 'j/ rl 'j} """ t; vu; 1 'Vl v1f1'1 !Ym Vlt u u 'Vl f1\ol ~ !!

~ qj

41

1 ' > ~ ' "' Q ' ~I 1 > .; ~ 'i~ 'i~'U Ufnll !'i (2543: 10) f1 ;Jflv~rf,_h~ nv1J'IIll~m> i1 vu m mvu 1 flv H11l m> t'll ~> ~1J 1J Muri f11'j ;Jfl 1nrl' u > ~nv1J Q > ~ ~I ~ ~ • > ' Q

'IJ!l1f11'il'iV'Uf11'iffll'Uf11'U \ll11Jll'U fl'i~1J1'Uf11'i f1l1 lf1f111JI)lJlll'l~Nl1Nl1\ll !tlfflJ\j'i!l! lll'l~lJ

f111lJ !l'mfu TI ci ~ l rr1lJ tl'U mh~ tl'l 'U 'j ~til V1J l yj lJ 'li1 v 1 ,r Ni~ v 'U l n f1 f11'i i~ V'U f \ll1lJ ~ flli ~ 11lJ 1 V'llll ~ f11 'j .... ... q q

~ ""'I) IIJ !I) l'iV'Uf11'iffll'U'Vlf1111'Ufl !1

rv ..' r r -""~ ?1 f11!U~'U1 fl!l! 1'i f1EI (2545: 7) f1 vv f1111J 1J > ~ 1J1J nn 11 vu m > rrvu 1 ,rn" rumw u~ rr~ ,r u \llll'U ~~ n f111lJ !l'lJ.;'U t nu J ~ -r rrfl 0 0

"" ... "" t " .ol f11'i l 'i V'U !Ill~ f1 ~ f1'i 'i lJ f11 'i I 'i V'U 1 'U 'II'U \llll 'U eyfl 'V11 V'llll ~ f11 'i lJ lJ f1111J 1J 'i ::1J 1J f11 'i I 'i V 'U f11 'i ffll 'U

ft1'U 111'l)~~ll'l'U ,f'U\llll'U 'llll~f11'ilfllll'l::U'i:lii'U Nl'l Q .. ~

f11'illllf1111J1J'i:1J1Jf11'il'iV'Uf11'iffll'Uflllff1'1111'lfl (Instructional System Design is a

. dl ""' d ""' d !I) !l)c:i Disc1pline) 11lJ 1Vt1~ f11'i ll llf1111J m ::1J 1Jf11'i I 'i V'U f11 'i ffll'U 1\Ju ff1'1111'lf1'V1U'i:; f1ll1Jill1Vfl11lJ 'i 'V1

• l ~ V1tl 1J 'V1 t]EI ~ f11 'i (1 V 'UJ ~ 1 ~ '1 ~ ~ iJ J 'U \llll'U f1 m'h1 U 'U f11'i ll1h ~ 11'J 'U'i:; 1J 1J lll'l:; \) n.i' lJ ~

"" ..:!! ""' tl f11'illllf1111J1J'i:1J1Jf11'il'iV'Uf11'iffll'Uflll1'V1V1i'llfflll'i (Instructional System Design is a

dl od d "" tl 'j) t Science) 11lJ1Vt:1~ f11'i llll f1111J1J'i::1J1Jf11'i l'i V'U fll'i ffU'UllJ'U 1'1'1 v 1ft1fflll'i U'i ::nll1Jf11V'II'U l'lll'U

f11'j (i(lf1111J1J f11'j.;iiJ'Ul fll'j'V]fll'lll~ H' rmu 'j ::&w flll Ul'l:f11'itJ11 ~i' f1EI1 !llV Mrrmu fll';iul~ ' ~ >1 ?I ~ ,.; ~I ?I .; ~ ~

!1111 'U f1 !1 f1 V!lJ'U f1';i:; 1J 1'U !11 ';i \'11~ 1'1'1 V1i'l1ff\ll ';i 'VlllJ 'U 111 ilJ llJ 'U flll 'li ~ f1'U lll'l:; f1 'U

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fll>llllflll1J11>~1J1Jfll>l1~'Wfll>l'1"tJ'Wfillfl11lJ~~1 (Instructional System Design is a

Reality) \1lJ 1V~ 1 fll> llllflll1J11> ~1J1J fll> ~ V'W f11'l \'!ll'Wltl'W fl11lJ ~~ 1~ l'\llJl >tl'ri\)~ u"lf\' l d ll1 ~1f1 mff'v1111' f1 m> 'llll1 f1 n 1 llll flll1J 1J > ~ 1J1J fll > l > V'W fll > \'!ll'W l'lll1111 'W 1 f11llJ 1 \1lJ 1 V \1\'\ f1 'llll1 fll > llll f1ll1J 1J > ~1J 1J

f1 n t1 V'W f1 n \'!ll'W l1ll f1'1J \l!~ ~Ill \11\1l1 ~ Will1 fll >, Ml i1 l'lrl 1J ~m V'W ~ 1'V111Wi1'W f111lJ~ i f1fl ~ fll > • • ' ~ ' y '

tJ ",r~ lll'l ~ 1 ~ 11111 ~ vHl fi vv ~ 1, v v 11 h 11 ~ v N't1 v u Vi ll11 ru m1'1 tT u fi v v v N 11 lll'l ~ 1 Yl v 11111 '" . ' d 1 • • >d d _, ~ ~ ~ '~ ~ 9 -~d ' 1

m ~ 1J 1'W f11> l > V'W f11 'i fi!J'W \1 ~fi!J'Wlll'l~ ~~ > V'W lJlJtj fllJYl'W ~ f1'W ~I'IV ~ 'li1~ f11 > \1111 '1 'W f11 > Ji • 1 'j) 9}.::!. ""' ""' 'j) r ""--I ""' ""' 2-'1

l!l!lll1'W 1V \1 vH> V'Wlf11'1f11> l 'i V'W > !JV11lJlJ 'i ~fi'VIli N\'1\'! 1 fll'll'lllJllJ l\1lJlV lll'l~ f11> !J llf1ll1J1J>~ 1J1J "' ~~ ~'W m'i rrvu J u ~11tlu m 'i l1111i 111 'i~t tlu > ~1J1JlJ 11 'W 1 llJ 'Jj lll'l~ f11>1J 'i ~llJ'W f1'i~1J1'W fll> 'V11\1lJ\11 'llll1'i~1J1J f11> \'!ll'W 9! 1 fi!J\1111\'\ !J 1

n1JnmtJu'li' lJ 1i'VI !l1 (2540: I 0) ~f1~11l1fll'i !l!lflll1J1J'i ~ 1J1J f11'i t1 V'W f11 'i flll'W 1'11> lJv1fi'JJ 'i ~ f1!l1J 4 'j)""' 'j) 1'1~1>1l! 1\'\ f1'1J\l!~ 'II !J1 f;ll> V'W'V11'111.J 'i ~ f( 111l1'1!Jf11> !J!lflll1J1J f1~ f1'i >lJ \1 'ill

.::!. d .,.. o''j).c!, f- ..... .,..,'J) :v 1 tJ 1 ll m lJf11> 11 vu m'i flvu 'VImm~ fllJ 1111 t11.J 1 ~rr 111 111 !l1lJ m'il'l111'1f11.J>~ fl 1 m1 111v1 m'i ~~ h1

' '

,j 'i ~ d:J 'W WI !J 1ll f11 > flT\1 'W l'ln f1 ntJ>~lil'Wt ftvl'l\11 ff'W ll f11> i~ V'W ~ J 'W ,j 'i ~ f(1J ~\'1 ftll~ ~l'lllJ~ .f1 ~mJ111mvH11~v iJJ ' '

Ylff'Wl ll'lllJlJru (2534: 5) f1~11l1~1.Jll1J1Jf11>1ll'lf1U~V'Wf11>fi!J'W rl11>~1J1Jf11>1ll'lf11'i

~ V'Wf11'i fl!l'W lJm1lJ\1lJlV!~V1rl'W ll~~11rl'W 1 'Wll~'ll!l1 'i ~1J1JV!l V!ll'1~>~1J1J 1\1 qi >~1J1Jf11> 1l111 f11 'i t1 vu 1111 flvu il vlJ 1 .ffn 1J > ~1J1J 111 ru~ 111 > vDf1l'llJll1rl JJ> ~ nvD rl1fi w'll v1 n n t1 vu n n flll'W 1111 v

u ' u

' d 'i ~1J1J V !J V'llll1 'i ~ 1J 1J f11 'i l > V'W fll> fi!J 'W

~1f1~f1~11lJll'l1 J.J"l.\'11 fll>!l!Jf1ll1J11>~1J1Jfll> ~ V'Wf11>\'!ll'W (lSD: Instructional

System Design \1~ll ID: Instructional Design) \1lJlV~1 f1Uill'lfll>flll'Wllth1lJ'i~1J1J 11'1V!llffV :vd l > V'W J 'Yli]'IJ!;] fll'i l 'i V'WJ lll'l~ 'Yli]'!J!;] f11'i \'!ll'W 9!1 >11J'i 1lJ !l~!11.J'i ~f1ll1J

lll'ldh llv~ N '1 l ft v\11 i J.Jtim ~mu 1111 1'1111iY'W hvvmt1Jm ~1J 1J ll II' 1~ ~ ·vh m >'VI I'll'\ IH Ul'l ~ -~~-1 -~ 1>~> d~~- .,l,d,., ·~-1' od d > lJ'i1JlJp!!f1 ~'II~'W 'li ti'INl'll'lllJ'Yl\11~ ~1 9!~f1f1!lf11>'W1 ~lJ\)f11llJflllH'IIll~f1l>l>V'W~\111lJ

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สมุดกลาง

43

0 ~

I!'U 'U II 1 tl tH 1111 tJ tJ flU 'U'IJ 1:: 'U'IJ 11111 'l 11'11 111 'l tltl 'II

!! UU iJ 1lllH fll 'l llllflll U'U fll'l ~ V'W fll'l tl'll'W~ U fll'li1 fll>U11 tl''W ll 1-i'iJv ~11l11 fl11l11V l 'W

1. !!'U'U;'i1tl~NI111tltlflii'U'U'l:O'U'U111'll~11'111111tltl'll The ADDIE ModelllJ'UUU'Uii1l1ll~ ' ~ '>I 'j/

Vi1~11im'lt;~>::uu 1h::nvmi'1v'll'W1>1ll'W~1~"l 5 '11'u1>1ll'W (Kruse 2007: 1) .r~n ~ ""' d' d ""' o' _I ""' 'JI

I. '\1 'U l'lll'W fll>11fl'l 1::11 (Analysis) 11'1 'U fll>11fl'l 1::11 11

44

"" "' j/.:o! """ ) 3. fll'l1lfl'J1~1Hjl'W1.lllfl~'IJ'j'IJ'Vl (Analyze Leamer and Contexts 1.lVf1\l1f1 fll'j

""" t1 il e:t '1l "" .:o~ """

' ' ' • i'l~uf'llv~~i'l~'U Muri I) n\lf1'j'jlJrlV1.li'l~u 2) nm11l1:!1.lV!UV\1l 3) f1l'jilft11.l~1lJ'IJV~~i'l~'U 4)

fll'j tJ 1::; llJ 1.l N11!!11:: ~ 1'11'11lJ il \l f1'j 'j lJ f1l 'j i'l ~1-l f1fl ~'11 £ fid'j V~lll ~ M '11 '1 '>I Q f1l 'j i1 ~'U f ll11:; N fl f1l 'j 1;] ~ ~~~1tl'IJf1l'j i'l ~'U ~ lff1'>1\I!::'IJV~~v vtJm ru nm1 ~'U~.i'v~ H'i 'U fll'j 'ilflfll'j i1 ~'U fll'j

" ' 11:: 1:1vu 1111 ::lf f1'>1\l!:: N'i'l ~'U ~ ~m ri1~ Hn1 11 i' '1Jfl11'1'11'JJ'W 1 m 'l ttiv n H1

, "" ""' ""' v '1l ..s ~I t Evaluation of Instructwn) 11M fll'j VVf1ll'IJ'IJf1l'j l 'j Vl.l f1l'l

45

JJ 'l ~1iJ 'W Nl1 1 \ilVfll'l 'l 11J 'ldlJ'\l' lllJl1~ l ~~~ll'l~lJ n fll'l JJ 11J1J'l ~fll'l 11 V'W fll'l \' 1Vfl'W ~ ll fll'l JJ 'l ~ liJ'W Nl1'll V 'I.Jfl fll1 fll 'l JJ 'l ~til 'W fl ~ lJflll Vlll1 ~ fll'l JJ 'l ~til 'W Nl1 fll 'l 'V1 \il

fldllJI~lli'i llli>l''ll!l~!ll'l'llfl'll::;M fll'j 11 V'W fll'l ffll'W lll1~1~'W 'll'llffl.ll.l~lll'W I~V1fl1J'I1 'I~ fl'j'j l.IUl!'ll'l lll1 ~ f1 \U 11 m1 \U ~'\Ill~ f1'11 v 'W lll1 ~ lllll ~ 11 ~ 'W ~ !l m 'l 1'1 'l 111 fflllJ ~11 ~ v 1n u 11'111 JJ 'l::;

46

• fl1:; u 1u flu v v fl t t u u 1:; u u fll1 ~ vu fll1 rrv u il

2. 1h'll'm~!J~ ~lU uJ1h:;

1 tl1 u m u 'U v ~ fll1 v m u ~ 1l >1 ~ u J u ~ vu tl1:; fl !.l mf 1m·h'll' v ~~ v ~ 'U v ~ 'l'lfl ~ ~ 1 J:lu R ~ ~ 1 ~ v 1'11' !.l ~ n u .A' ~ .S. J 'jl d~~ .A' Q.l 'j} l1V!U ll'\1lfl11Ul U

"" 'J) "'"""" "" GJ 'j} .> G) 'j}

l1 ~ ~ ' • 4. !Ull'\111'1fl!!

illll~U fll1! 1 VU! 1 V~! U ll'\11\llllJ1Ul~!Utll1VUU'Vl!'i VUUU ~U!!

47

tl'u~l1v'Wrmllv~hu1~ ~~~N '1 mci1tvmJ~'Wll~num1umm~crut'll'W rmllrmtcr'Wmdmn " " d

rm i1 V'W l'W i''Wun N'i1 V'W'Vlf lllJO'W 1'Wfi 111t~vTn~'l1lJI'Itl1vm1 'l 'li't U'W rm 11 V'W 11VUfifi 11 n1 llfl1., . ' 9) """' A I " ' 'J}Q f. G\ 'J}~ ""A I ..!:! ~ .. ""' I ?I 'J}

ft'l 1~ tft'l u u., ~ crufl1'l \U umm v'W 'W 'W fi 1'l ~~ t •nn fl1'llll1 u'l 1V'Ii 1

48

~ .XSJ !liA!ll .t '"i""' 9d 'Jl 9 'll\J\llll\J\J Nftll\J ~~\llll~l 'l lJ\ll\J ~ 1fl~\llfi1.J ~fHl Nflll\J t ~Wl1 ~ 1'l \\! 1 t 1.J1 'l ll~ '1Jll~fl11lJ\llll~fll 'l t 1.J fll'l . ' . ~ ~u ~.,:J~ 11m~ 1u fll'l ftll\J llll~'ll'll~1tl\l1~1~ '1 'f1ll~ ~1ml u ~ ~~~lJ 1 ~1u ~u Ill ll'U llll rlll\J ~ 1.1'11'1 ~

' ' v v ' 1:J ~ 11~u .I'll~~~~ rl11'lu 111;1::;

_I Q Q -" Ji ~ VV 9 V _I Q ~ "' _I Q ~I llJl !Ill

9 v _I ~ ~ v.l ~ v ~ ~ ' ~- 1 .J 1\1 l'l11lJ \1lJl ~'IJ ll ~ 'l lJ IIU 1J fll 'l I 'l ~\J fl1 'l ftll\J 11'11 ~ lJ l'l11lJ ftll\ll fl\1 ll~ fl\J Ill~ \llll tlJ 1.J •

l'lll

49

l~l)1h~l'l~fi'~l~'l nu 11'1il ~11mJ1Jf1l'l l'lilU !ill ~11H1J1Jf1l'l11VU~'IhVtM~l~VU 1fl'f1ll'l1'll'IUl'Yif1 fi11:W¥i~ llflfl~ fi\Ufll UU1'YIWIJil~f1l'l¥il'l Ul1~UU1'YI1~lUf1l'lU!'II'l~ililfl'llil~f-1'11vu ' .

mmru ht~V~ (2540: 142) fl~lTJ1~11H1J1Jf1l'l!'lilU'HlJlV~~ UN'U~1U'H1ll~11u1J1J~ ilil fllJll~il 1 -H''ill'l fl1 'l t1 vu fl1 'l l'lilU 1 u l1flflW~ ~ N'ij vu lll1~ N''l'lilU lNifum '1-l' 1rl'U (face-to-face

• • u

, ~ ~ .. , Q Q ~ ' _, ~. ~ teaching) U'Hilmvu 'H'lil 1-lf1l'lmll'l'l:Wfl11lJ~ ll~l1~~1Jll1J1Jf1l'l'l'lll'U~~ mu'U1'YI1~fl1'l~l'lfll'l

i~ uu fll'l !'lilu l vt ll'lh v 1 ..r ~11 vu 11 'j ~ l'I1J fl11:w ri1t~ ~ ~ 1:w ~ 1'1 11 'j ~ ~'~ ~ li' 1'1' 11-1 ~ 1 ~'1 ~ r1 111 u 1'1 1lHml' un1ilh (2541: 16) fl~l1'l1 'l11ll1J1Jf1l'll'lilU'HlJlV~~ ll1J1JUNU'H1lJJ:1mJW~ ' .

'II il ~ fll'j Vi 1 ~ 1 u A' 1 u fl1 'j l'lllU ~ n 111 u 1'11-l' ~ 1 ~ 'H '1-l' 111'1 u II 1'1 Vi 1 ~ u mh ~ 'j lJ 1J fl il1J ~ 1lJ 'H l1 fl 111 '15\)J l 'YI(]llQ 11l1nnn um¥il'l Ul1~fi11:Wl~il 11'lvilm'l'ilmmf11'l~flll1J~1~'1'YINf1l'll'lll'U 11'\'uri 11l1nm'l

~l'lll~'HlJlV ,fU~ilUfll'l l'lilU f1l 'j 11'l~ tilu u l1~n~ fl'j 'j lJ!'IU1J'!'IU u ~u '1 ~il fl11lJ !Y:wvl'u £ nu mh~il ' ' ' 'l~1J1Jt¥tu 1 11'm 'l'J~I'l~~'H:W1V 1 um'l'l'I!JU Ju'l ul1~l~UU1J1J

50

e~ ~~,h~fleJ'IJ'IleJ~1tl U'IJ1lfl11 1~uu n m:mu • ~vhf (Keeves 1997: 386-387) 'Mn~nil~Uil'IJ'IJ 1~v'lf11 'll ~~.rv~iJtml'll':i~ fHJ'IJ~

1. ':i'llll 'IJ'IJ~~.r v~'lll1 'll cirnnhu lV (Prediction) fH'I~I'IllJlJl~ ~ffllJl':i llVl

2. 1 fl ':i ~

ff1\.!~ 2 u~!i''ll'l~fltl'IJ'IJtl~~'llii'IJ'IJfll':i~~fll':ii1Vufll':ifffl\.! (The Model of Teaching) ~ ' .. lJ 4 1:!1\.! flfl

1. ~'U 1'1 fl\.1 fll':i ff!l\.1 (Syntax) I~\.! ff1\.! lflft\)jlJlfl ~~~II

'1i' u 1'1 u u m ':i 11 vu nn

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51

~~ "-' n I Q ::: lV'lfU!!l1:::ilm1:wmm::: \"\:w

iirrm ll'IJ:wmu (2550: 221-222) Mn~ninul!uunni1vum>l1'vulll'v~ilv~fiu>:::nvu •

• ~ U ll UUfll 'i \"Ill U U U '1

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สมุดกลาง

52

~ Q) Q) .,j.:g ~ au~~nu~nuHnnnl~~v~au

3. iJnwom~uu fiu iJm~.r~u~thh~nuuun~mlml':u'14'un'llu~u~,Jth~nvu'llv~ •

~~UU 1M n'llJUGUl~i~ V'W i tJ ff!1'J 1HlJ1V'llll~~~UUH'jllm~U1'Wl1WW'W • • 4. iJm~v~uluH'jv1M''Il'v:um~v1nu 11\avu un~~~~il~m~avu~N'lllm~'lhuiM' •

• m ::mu nn i~ vu m~avu U'W'l til~ tl~:: 1\~ ~mv~n ~'l'.,

~ 1nu u 1!1., .r~ n ~ 11a~ tl il'l'-l1v ~ ,Jti ~ ~ nllU'llll ~~ tlu u u m ~ ~ vu n n avu m:u -0' ft'W ~ ~ ' .

Q) d.:!~ .!i ""- 0 Q) Q ""- d Q) ""-Hnnm~~ v~av :um~mH'W~U~Ul~'llll~m un~u m~vu :um~tauva ~auuau u .,n !l., ~'W :u • •

• • • 1 ~~il ~11\ a!lu 5u ~ ~'li1v i M'n ~ ~u 1u nn ~ vu m~ a!lwn~tl~ ~ 1\~ ~ lll'W\1 ~'l'., -0'~ il m~ 1ivil~ ~

o

53

'U !Hl ~ 1fld V~! ,X 'U m:; 'IJ l'U fll'i ~~ V'U fu 'IJ'IJ ~ llJi'iv~ llJ 1 ~ ~ ~~ Vl'll'V~tl'IJ fll'i ll'i1 ncilJ tl'i1lJ fll'i ur ~1 fl . ' ' ncilJ fll'i ll'i1 fll'i tt

54

, I < > fl1 1 lJ 11 lJ 1 V 111 fl1J; ~ !'!1J fll:i (U ~ 1VI'I 'W! lN

1'15>1 tci1i1v'W~ (2552: 70) ncini1 'Vlt)j,l~fll>!'!~mmlJf 'h!i'lln!'!u'W u~t1'l'Wm1lJ dt Q.> ""'.d., !V ~ ll]:il k 3 ~~lJ191'1!111lJ> 91'1 t~111flfl1>!'!>1'1fl11m • • • 'J} 'J} II)'J} ''""'-' QJ o'Q,I dt .d. 'j) I Nfl11lJ~ !1J 'Wflll!; V'W~ tJV 1 'II'! tl! 'W tl'l111fl!l11 lJ ~ !~lJI1> tJ

,I < ~ ?I 1 ' > "1 1 ' > > 9 1 1J:i~!'!1Jfll:i(U!~lJ!1J'Wfll:i!!l'!1'111lfl11lJI1lJlV 11lJ fl11lJ~fl11lJ!'\11 11 11lJ !!11~!'!:i1'1fi111J!'\11 !11 'W

111'11>1 lJlJl n n11 111 'W ff1'W '1

.,. v ..,. QJ ""'""'. 11'1m!'luuml'J'W 2 nqlJ 11u n~lJiltJ'W!'!I'Ii'n~191lJt:Ji'~utyty1

(Cognitive Constructivism) !!11~ fl~lJ!ltl'Wl'!l'li'fl~l9llJt:Ji'llf''llllJ (Social Constructivism) !!~11~ '~ .::::. d.J r ...,fV.J.

fl!JlJlJ!l11lJ!ll'11111lJ!'lftl91'1!!1'1fll'11'1fl'W~'I'W

I. fl ~ )J 11 tJ 'W 1'!1'1 i' fl ~191m:;; 'I Utyty1 (Cognitive Constructivism) I :Jlu11 m ~ 1J 1'W flll """ j.l "" "' 9/..:ol ~~ '11 9.1 'j}"i "' 'V .:!!!. 'j) !'W'W~!fl~111fl1'11f:Jl:iV'W!tl'l (Active Leamer) !1J'Wf:Jl'!:i1'11111lJJ !~Vfll:i~~911J'UtliJ1111:itlfl11lJJ

1rn1 ~'ltil~m1lJ il.i!'!lJfJ11 ~ff'lf·m 1tf~i1v'Wl'1'm11~1J 1m'l!'!f1'1'V11'1U'!J'!J1111li11'Wfll ~~'l!fl~l111lJ .. ~ ?I ., '

!'!lJ~11 'H:itl!fl~I1J'W!l111Jl tllJ • • I Q.> ""'""'& "'> Q.> dt I e:! 'j) "'>

2. fll)lJiltl'W !'!1'1:ifll'1191lJ! '15'11'! 'l!llJ (Social Constructivism) l'lftl11fll ~1J1'W fll:il:i V'W~ !fl~

111flfll:i~ ~i1V'WlJ1iijlf'm1'W n'fm lf 'llllJrl1J1jllll11~'W (f:J"i ti'l)M1 tll'~ tl'I.J) 1 'W '\I (\I~~ ~~1 V'W iJft1'W -i11J 1 'W fl11 m ))J '111 tl'11'W 1 'W !'!fl11~ lf 'I fl)J (Social Context) ~ '111'1 'W 1'11!! 1]; ~ !Ylfl '!J!! 11 ~'\I 1~ '111M 'I~ ~ ~ < ~ ' 1 > •~ > > > , ld , I > 1 ~ 1 > > "' 1J {)!'!lJ'I1'W 1i 'V1 N !'! 'l!llJVll 'f1 f:Jl l V'W !'!:i1'1fi11)J~ !11Vfll:i I 1J 11 VW! 1JlH 1111lJ! '\11 111~ )J t1 ~ fll'1 !J'I'H'i tJ

Ql 'JI 'j) ,J 911J 91tl 'W fl11 'I '\1 1 N'\1 'W

uci1'1 h~mlJIIIJ11 ull'11Ufl~1'1l'V1Vl.J'I!!'W 1 Cognitive Constructivists !!11~ Social c:l. d I

55

3 . f11 'j ihl tllflJ ~ 1.J ,j 'I'll~ -ff ~ fllJ i1 fl1llJ !hl '!! ~ ll f11 'j ~ v 1.J ! 4. fll'l 1l1>1R ~tmni'lllJ il~m 'l JJ~ml'1v11li~n'IJ;'Jill~'1 ~ 1'11i'Yl' P1'!~ vutill'lm'l i1 vu! mh~il . .

1111lJ 'f'llJl v

,_, ,. ~ "' "'"' !!~flu,~ llll'IJ'U!J~fll, ml'IIJ I AIJfllj il',1 ~fl1llJJA 111\ll'll!tH

,.. 1\ru i ~ m'll'l1!1'1U 11'1llri1111.J 1'1ti'l111lJlV'IIll~ffll11.J m'lru rm ~ ~u 'l ~ n!l'IJ.I' 1vR ~~~ 'l 11111>111-l~ i.J

56

• 4. rhml.J (Question) fll'H1ll.Jfllt:lll.Jfl11.-illih.!fll1'1'Jfl'lll.ll'! u~m~ 11'11 1\.l n11ru 'II I'! ~1'1\.l ll'l ~ 111 u~ 1.1' illflfll> 1 1'1'¥1 ~l ~l'll.l ~>~~~~~1M ill nm ~'IJ 1\.l m>

ii>~ m11.Jflfn m'VI~I'Imm>lill'lfiA Yin,~ mll.Jii>~~i.l'1uillnm~l.ll'lfl i.l'[j~l.lfu~h11lul~ll11~ • •

. ' ' 1! il ~ u \.j il VII) 'tJ ti fl eJ \.j !1'1'11 f1A1~l.J 1 .1'1 'IJ fl1ll.J 11'\.l, il u 11 ~ fl1ll.J il ~ l.J ill f1 ~Vi i.1 '11 tl' 1 Vi~ fl .. '

f111 ftfl'tll'I'J m~l'i'IJ 1 l.l 11''111! l'lll.J"ffll Vi~iJd'J l'l~l.Jl illfll1'l.Jlfll.J ~ 1'11VI ~lU ti ~l1''111J! l'lll.J"f f1l (AP A) 11'f

i~flru~m>l.Jfll> Task Force ~l.lll.lU 'VI.ff. 2536l~elftfl'tJll'hmhVI1~~1'11VIm~i.l~um>~~l.lnl.l • m 1mtl w i1 ffVIl~ m> finm .J ~ill~ u il ~'111 ~ 11 ~ '1.1' ill nn n 1 ~ ~ 1 tJi i'1 l.l fll> tJ 1 'IJ tJ 1 ~ > ~ 'IJ 'IJ n n fin 'tJ 1 1! il ~UI.l 'lleJ~ l1''111Jl um1 miM'iltJ>~ ftVITI m'VIB~~I.l ~11'11 u~n11 fffl'tJ 11~ ~'II eJ~flru ~ m >l.Jfll> fl ru~ii'

~U11 ~f1111'11 ~'11 '11' f1 1 l.l fll1 ~ii>~ '\Jel ~1'1 l.ll1l.J'IflA'\JeJ~f111 od 'J) v .:! '1/.o:J. ~~ v D 'J/

57

'f1llfltll'if1!l!J~ 2 m1~1lilll

"" 91d""' •

fll'i ~ a'i a~~ 1flll u 1ill'l ~'YI mnr1 mv "m'iii'll u 1fl11lJil 1'1 'i 1'lJ Vlll'l 'll a ~1'1 u m~ 11'\'m ~ 1 nnn ~ 1lJ

ll U~UI-l U'W 1ill'l~'f1

58

~~lilHOUmnfilil Cunningham ~miwi1 "U'Vllll'Vl'll!l~fll~lhnn ii1v nm:i~!l'f1JJh1'tillilmlJJ

11JJi'lvnum.J ~'U lllnm~ 1 1JJ!!l'f\il~!!'U 1l1\il~11 mn11

fll~!'ll'lnum~illlnU~V'W (Task) "lJJm~!~'Wflllm1JJ~!!Vfl!l!lfllllflU1u'V1 nm1v'Wj'" flWJ\ilfl11

~ V'W f !~'WTifl11~H~ v'W 1 'li'1 m ~

59

6. 1ul'l'l'Wf11~11~~1i1'W·HHll~~~'U ~~~~'UlltlEI\U~ Goal Free Evaluation 11lJl~~~f1l~

11~~ &w~ llJ ~~JJ ~11lJ1~1u il'nEI ru~t/~11 th.Jn'W 1uu!li 11 ~'lH1f111 t11 ~ 11 ~::; tiiu r11~ 1 'Jl'11i 111~ ~ q q q

111111111 m~ ~~ o1~t~'U m~111::;tii'W ~ltlt~O'U ufilJN11~1'U 11lJ.J, m1111~tii'W~'Ut!l~ 'U !lfl~lfl0"!! flf111ffflEI1 t.l'mu Ott u 1'V1l,fln 1l~t111 ~ ~'UJ illllJ'Vlt]EI~fl!l'U l1'ill~ flAll1'1if

lrt ~ '}) "" ..... .: l1l1'!J~f111!l,fl'U ~"'U

1. m1 .r~ l1'mu m1ru 11"1 m'l IIJ111~t ~ 1m1lJl1''W h 111' "!! ni1 uu 1hhu 11lJ 1 u m1fi ~ m1

11Bllii nOJ OJ 'I OJ OJ

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สมุดกลาง

60

cv """ cv ""'""

61

• t'Vl~m lHnnm5 (2539: 94 l "l.l'n111u~'ll'u1'1ent m5 ~ V'I.J m5rrvumw1 1nil~'lleH

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~ Ji ' ' • _, ~ ~ ' ' Uhi1~~'\Jhl ~\1~11l11u5~1~hlllhl1~~ m~

4. rm\J1uu1m1~il., "ltJH ~i1ww\J1uu1m1~il~'IJV~I'lhll 111~1urrmwmrul'iw1 J~ d. " '. ~~hii~VI!l'l:; ~~~hllfW

0 0

สำนกัหอ

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62

• • .d ., ""'"""~ "" "" d l'WU!!1J1JfiVUl1'1ll'H11'11'1ilJ 5 '\JUillVUI'I~U

,Yu ~ 1 ,Yu n m.il'i 111 ~~u m., ill., 111 l1'll1JfnllJ ¥ 11'1vu., ~ l1'1Jf11'i ru1~ IJ'IJ v ~-w nl% ~u 11 • riou m'i i1 vu u m~ vu ii f111 lJ ¥ rmm '11'1 111 ~~ u1n1J U'i ::1~u 11'1v1J 1 u lJ R ~ 11::: i1 vwVlv~ ll'l 1 u

• ,fu ill ou ~ f1 ~ 01111 .U1Ti f11'i ~ N 'l ~~ v 1M' tT m~ vuf '111'11' v11'1 01 i'l 111 lJ lV'IJ ll~ nn i1 vu 1'llu f11 'i l1'1TI ill f11'il1'1Tiill~U lil ~u (Discrepant Demonstration) f11'i!111JfilmlJ f11'i 1 M'tr nl% vuvi1UlVI~V1rl1J

' ' ' < "' , 1 < ' ?1 • "' 9 • Q -~ d • l • • d Q l d 111ilJf11'i \\!11'i0u'ilf1!jf11'i\\!illl~'l luUillU 1'1'10 I 11\f11'1U'lJ11l'Vlll~f1'i~ilJU 111-J f1l'j VUif11'lfnllJ lYU II 'VI

.:!I 91 t 91""""' r d o V _I rl""" II~ l1'1J l1'1U 1111'111 lJ ~ II lf1 U U f1 ~ V 111 l 'li1~ f11 'i ill N'l 'VIII~ l1'1'i 111 1'11 llJ ~!! l1 ~u 'i ~ l1'1J f11 'i \1111'1 IJ'\1 0 ~

• d • Q, 1 l • d ; Q ?1 • Uf11'iVU l'liUf11'illf1u'ilV f11'i 'Ji!!1J1Jl1'01J llll~f11'ii'IJVU!!fJUf11VIlJ IUIJilliUUillU

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63

9 v~ , G! v "" .:t ,

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5. .Uuu 11flt ull vu U'i ~\llJfll'i!U 1 1-l'u flt~ vuu mru !l H11fll 'i lYlJ 11'u lllllJ n 1-l'uriu flt~ vu • iiu'l 'H11l~'W~n~m•h~'l u11~.1'1v11imHh~'ll'lfu fll'i'ilV~lu fll'i\1'1~\il m'i1il1l'hviJlVJff r11u m Hil u u u 'N m1 li1

Al~'l liUfll'iUU'fin'll'llll1U.I'1vfll'i l~ vu lJ'i'i VlV fll'i l~VWlHU rr~u u 1tl 11 fll'i l~ VUUHU !11'1'1 'H1u

nwvil u u u 'N m1 li1 "" ,. !11 .:::t '1 31 ~ .c:l. """ """ o'

1'15lll'i!U Uf1111 (2548: 51·53) 11!\lU!J'IIU\il!JUfll'il'iVUfll'illtJU\illlJUU11111!JW\il!l'i

• • UtJI1ViW111JUlllili'nA19ilJ 5 '1!Uiil!Jui~il

1. fll'i \il'i1~\l!JlJI111lJ~ lllllJl '11'1 h •

' ' ""$'""'- 'j) g/GJ """

64

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65

4.5 11~ Ul"l ~ u ru1 V"W ~ llJtl"W Bil tJ; 1Vl~ ll1:1'1UI ~ "W m; ~ 1~mB~m1JJ! "HjBtl;~ffunmui mJ ~1nm;iitlfili'm1u £ Ul"l~l'i1~1"W ~ llJtl"W Ul"l~ m;U111:1'"W tlNl"l~ 1"W

,.... ""' d i ~ ~ _I "'"1 ' "' 9.1 ""' ~ 5.2 "WflljV"WU1:1'~~fllW15tllJ !U~I111lJ~ "f1jtJD;~i:!'lJfllj(ll !"HlJ fl'lJ!l11lJ~I~lJ"f1j!J

1;tJlJ 1u~nnll 1m1JJn tli ~1 u 'H1~tl;~ ~Tl'u 1~unm~vu •

~ "' ~ • ~ _ 1 "' ' -< ""' ?1 'l'lft"W1 U'IJlJlJ!ll (2550: 283-284) !~'Vll'll"W1;lJU'lJ'lJfllj!;V"Wflljff!J"W !~UU~fmV"WllJ"W • •

• • • oU"WI'ltJ"Wnmihtilunn 7 oU"WI'ltJ"W.i"~il

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• _, '1 ' ' '. ' • ' '. 1111lJ"f1lJ1U'IJtl~'IJ!ll;Jl"l!lJ;~1:1''lJfll;(ll "f1lJ"l!~V t'!im:;'lJ1"Wfll;\ll1~"lili1V\li"Witl~ l'li"W t'!im:;'Ul"Wfll; "" ' """ vd,..,i! ~.,Sod$' 11~ u l"l ~m ~'lJ 1-w m; fll"llJ 1 u n n tJ n tl; 1 Vtll"l:; 1:1; tlm1JJ 1 'U 1 i ~ 111 v 111 u 'lJ tJlJ l"l u u "l '1f ~ ~ 11 tl u 1>1 tl~

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.... , .. , ~ .. , '" !!l;tl~lJtlt"Wfllj1'1;1~1:1'tl'lJI111lJj!111lJI'IJ1!~'Utl~\li"W j1lJ'I'l~'IJUlUI111lJ;f111lJ!'IJ1!~'1Jtl~\li"W l"f1 • •

สำนกัหอ

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66

_,~ ~ "' • ·d~ .d • ~ •d _,~ ~ 6. fll'ill!J'lll'l 1!!1~/ \11llfll'illlHH~l1HU 'f11fl'llllll11lJ~'VIl~l'i~U~lJ1AlJlJfll'ill!J'lll'l

~u ~ ~~ l ~ u ~u ~"!f1~1-H r-1'i1 ~u 11'1'll1llflll'W 1:1~ ~ ~!1~ 111 fll'i 1:1~ 1 ~f111lJ ~ 'llll~l'l u 1-H' r-1'~u ~u~ l ~ u Ill .1 N 'l ~ 11111 fl 11m~ l vlll rvl lJ r111JJ 'lh u 1 'II f111lJ l.,r 11 ~ ' .

f111lJ ff1lJ1'1\11 u on untfty1111ll1~f111lJ ~11 ui1ll~UU'l

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สำนกัหอ

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• .; 1'111N'l'l

"' ""- d "' QQ..sf

'U 'U \11 tl 'U fll'i I 'i V'U fll 'i l'ftl'U \11llJ '1'1\] Ill:)ll tl 'U 1.'1' \11 'i f1 \111'lllJ

i111111t1f 11!1~ I'Ul1 (Driver and Bell) ' Wlfltl'i (Yager) ,r , ii • "" d QJ 0 il ·~

'IJ'U'l'll 'IJ'U'Uli'Ull'l'11tl~ • • • • '"'""-"'oil• d

'IJ'U'l'll 'IJ'U'Uli'Ul\J''U'l'111V'U

~ d ~ """ d 'IJW'l'12 'IJ'UIIl'l'\11~f11llJil\111'fl'U

• • • 'l!wVi2 'l!w rnnil'i 111

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'IJ'U'l'15 'IJ'U'l'l'U'l'11'U • • •

'l!wVi4 'l!wm;tia'U~

Yl rl'U l II 'IJ lJ lJ W ~ .d :v""

'IJ'U'l'l I 'l'l'U'l'11'Uf11llJ~II'llJ . . '1! w Vi 2 n m11.'1'1 ~m m llJ tlm.i . . 'l!wVi 3 m;!imn'l'ilmllll'll'lh . ., '

'UtllJl1if11llJ'i '11lJ 11!1~ . . d :v '"'

l'!ftllJ 1v~mlll~1'11llf1'U

·~ 111lllJII'llJ . . . 'l!wVi 4 f1l111l1f11ti'iivwmllJfmllJ

l'll'lhrl'Ufl~lJ . . 'l!wfi 5 f1l'il'l'ltilll1~;]1'1'i~IUV'U

• 111llJ~ . . 'l!wVi 6 rmtlfi'U~ lll1~/'11~vrn;

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• "' Q ""' ""' 'll'll'Vl 3 fll'ifii'IVI~n\lll

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70

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1 urJ u fll'lil'!J n ft'UW1-Jll '\lll~11 fl~ VWl'U ~ ~ ll11'lli' !l'Uilll~'llflflll l ~1-J .1' fll!W~fll> ~ VU r~ll\ll fl~ N OJ ~ q OJ

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2. 5 'li1v11n~ vul'i'u mfi 1\ll!l'lll~lli111 n~ vuw~tm~'Vi11 ,\' 11n~ vu ill'l

• 2. 7 fi~tl1'~ 'Ufll> !ln'll> 1v 1 uiu~ vu

สำนกัหอ

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71

3. m t tnV'IJt

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I. 1 i'rlltlll.J!ll"l::f111l.J¥il'll~'W 'IJ!NU ni1 V'W 1 'Wnl>"l11!!H'W nn ffll'W

3. ft1tu1 • • f111l.J¥il'lt~'W 1 1l 1l~'IJ11 tl'w\'J 'W Hl"lt rtv11J1~1nm::mu m> i1 V'W !'llll1'11 m1 V'W t~ll 1 ~ 'IJ"Vlt~ V'W

.'i1tiJ 'W 1 1lmh1ilm11J11l.JlV 4. ru 111!) V'W 1'11'\.J 1VH!"IY1~::tnl'l'IJ'W

5. vu 11>ll~1fll!111."11ll'U '1

7. t>V'W!!'IJ'IJ>Jl.Jl.Jll (Cooperative Learning) 911!'W'\.Jfl"l1l.J>"ll.Jl.Jll

n'\.J nn'll'IJ~ll~1n'\.Jul"l:: n'W ttft:: H'nft~Yln'IJ!J1m> mh11'W nmi1

1 o.

2. t 'lfm'I'1V1n>'l'lll11l'WtU'W!!111."11t>IJI'l'W'Illl1'11lll.Jl"I'1111Yl'W 1l.J 11 'lf t 'W nn ttnllwm • 0

สำนกัหอ

สมุดกลาง

72

v 1 u n1 > JJ >~til u Nl11'11:U u u 1fi1'1flll u fiAi' n~1'tlmr u f1 > #lu~Vl ~ 1 > ru 10 ~'liill'l'llll~ '11' u:u l1 • •

'j/ .,.. .,., .d. 'j/ ~ ' d ' ""' "" e:l Vll'W fll11J!!l1~'W fl! 'l V'W l'lll~fll'l 'VI~ flll'W! 'l V'W 'l ~'1111 ~ fll'l !'l V'W fll'l flll'W !Ill~ '11l1~ fll'l! 'l V'W fll'l !lll'W • v

Oti ~ 'll'm,J l1 ~ll'W m1ul1ufi 11'11l1J 'llll~fi 1m:u 1 u 'lh~lliw1 '\Ill~ m> flll'W.! u 1 l.J11 (Begg 1991 ei'1 ~ \i~ 1 u ~ .

1'l'li\!'YI~1 'llll'l!!'l~fll 2540: 114-116)

' d I. flll'Wfll'l!'lV'Wfll'lflll'W

1.1 m1:Ufi'Wl~'llll~lTn~vu!1uu~h

1.2 fi11:Ufil'lt~ 'W!~:U'IIll~U n~ V'W :u l 'W:U~~Ilflll'l!fl~ll'W rlll'Wfll'l ~ vu fll'lflll'W fi 1l

1.3 fi1m:U'IIll~U n~ V'W~U11l~!~V1fl1Jt~ m~•~i1 vuiiu~ 1 1u1~

1.4 n11m >:U (fi1m:u) u:; 1 > ~!'11:U1~fl:u~ •~Auufi1m:u'llu~l! n~ vu 2. 'l~'\1l1~fll'l~V'Wfll'lfi!J'W

2.1 fi1mm:f ~ ~U'W'IIll~lT n~ vu fiuu~ 1 >

2.2 n•m 'l:Ufll> ~vum> fl!l'Wtlfufi1m:u.l~n v u fl'l N 'II 'W tn v 1 n u fl ~'VI u m > vu 1 > vu f1 m v n u 1111:u 11m v 'VIm ~ ••• ~JI "'~'

1'1~ ~~·~ !'11!fli'I'II'W'\1'lll !:U

•

2.4 11' n~ vu 1.i'vi'W~u1'11ml ~m> ~ vu~~.~~ vu~ t'liu'llnEI ~m> m> m:ufi1m:u '11 nEI:; • •

สำนกัหอ

สมุดกลาง

73

3. t111'1f111~~'Wf11"HHl'W

m 1lJ fi ~ 1,:1 u 'U u '111 n~ ~ wrlu ~ ~u ~ u u t1' ,;{ u u ~ i 1 m 1JJfi~1 i1 u .Q ~ 1 'I~ 1tlf111lJfl ~ 1 i1 u ~n miriuum1 ~ ~u m1 \1'uu-rl1u i~ •

~ ~ ~ v , ~ ~ ~ v~ v ~ ~ _, v v f11111~'11'W Nl1f11111 V'W'Ull'I'W tll1 V'W ~ ll'l 11~'11\J l1'W tll1 ~'W ~~ 11 V'Wj lJ:: 11 llJ1J1'111l1l . . '

mn n-i111 m1 ~'WtJ'I i ~ ~ u:: i 1 u u n ~ 1ni'l tJ'Illi' 11 m1 vu -tJ 1:: llJ'W ~ wu 'I m1-tJ 1:: llJ u 'i11 fi Vlnunn •

• i~ff'W Ni1f11H~I~'W l>l'IU

I. ~'I~ ~~-u 1~1lJ'W fm I~'W \1't:ll'Wtll1!U f111Uniftyt11t1 ~ ll!~'W \1'\ll'W tl11 ru ~ 11 tl~ ~'W i~

~ 9) ~I """" "' """ 3. I'W'W f111lJ1 Ul1~1J1 ~\1'1Jf1111\H~lJ'Ull'I'Wtll1 ~'W • d ""' "'o

74

• 9)

75

~ ois/'"'""- s/9 '"'• 1~ ~' 1.3 111 ill!lWWlVll.J'\'11 VI'U fll1 V'U 1'1111 ~1111::V!llJ11J11fi11lJVW1VllJ'II !l~ill 'U VI N11\ilill !l

• ill 'U I !l ~ 1111::: ~ !l \1'l.J 1:); fl fl ~ lJ '\'1 fl fi 'U fl11 V ill.J i' lJ 1111 :::~ ~ '111 ill ffV '\'1 N lJ1 fl ~::: 'lf1 V \1'~ 1 ~ fi1 ll.J Nfl ~ 'U 1 'U

' ' . 1111::: VI U 1 ~~ !lfidll.J

76

5. tn::U11.Jf111fl~!J (Group Processing) f11111~lJA~11.Jfl~!Jt!"illtn::U11.Jfll1fl~!Jl~1.J

ll ~rl tJ 1:: flll lJ ft1fl 1\! lJ ~rl tJ 1:: flll lJ \1 ~~'\Ill~ fll1 i~ V1.J lllJlJ .j 'l!J iJ lJ rl1.J fl1:: lJ 'l1.J fll1 ~:: tJ 11 fl !J td ll :!1111 Yf~ All!J1 I 'l'lfl 2 vr~ t~ul'l'u •

2. fl11t'ilV1.Jl~1.J~ (Rally Table) l~1.Jl'VIflUflfl11'1VrllJfl1'l\:lfll~1.J~VJfltl'l::f11'l ~1~rl1.J ~ ~ "' '"' ' .. ~ "' ' ~ ~ ~ ~ .. ~. _, ' l'l'lV~fl1 l'IIV1.Jlu1.J~lu1.Jf11'l1'l!J!Jllfl1.JlU1.J~']lflV~11\ilfl1.Jl'IIV1.J\11ll'l11'1 ( l'lf~ufl'l\\1: fl'l::li111J 2 u~u u :: l11nm 21'1'11JI'illn~!J

สำนกัหอ

สมุดกลาง

77

3. flWI'l~HI1J1~ (Round Robin) 1\'h.JI'VIfiUfl~"ff:wl'llfl'llll~fl~JJf-lll~rl1.J'Vl~ ~ll1J 1~1 . ' . v1lm~ i~~i:WHm>I~~1.J flWl1~ u~lth.Jm>Yl~~ml'~r11.J~l1~f11.J~1:wnm~n1l11.J~ ~1.Jm1J 4 •

4. fll"i I~ ~m ll1J1~ (Round Table) 1~1.JI 'VIfl iJ fl~ mi'Jll1.J fll"i'\:l~"i ll1J1~11~fl ~ Nrl1.J ~~~J\.J

fll"ii~~1.J fll"i11~ nfll"iflllf·Hl~rl1.JI~~1.Jl1~ '\1.J m~~ 111~1~1 Vl.J i {~l1~f11.Jill1l.l11l11~01l11.J ~ 5. fll"illfi'tf'IJm.l'1~fll"i~llfl1Vl (Jigsaw Problem Solving) 1~1.JI'VIf1Ufl~"ffm'llflll~l1~

f11.JI ~ ~1.J rl1 1'11l 1J '\1 1l~ 1'11.J Ill~ i { ~ 1mT 1.J fl~ m.l1rl11'1ll1J '\1 1l ~ "11 fl '1 fi1.J m-l 1:w ntJ 1l i1 tJ > 1 ~ 1 Vf1ll11 rl1 1'11l1J

6. fi~~~~1- fi~ti-11l.lrl1.Jfi~ (Think-Pair-Share) 1~1.JI'VIf1Ufl i~~~~l.l~1fl1T'IJl11'f1'11l

1 ~'VI ~rl1111l.l 1~~"ffm'llm1~l1~fi1.J fi~l11r111'11l1Jfi'1~1'11.JI1l~n1l1.J uli'1111f111'11l1J i tJ vi1tJ-; 1~n1J 1Vlv1.J

I~ 1.J fi ~ 1 mf 1.J ~ ~ 111 fl11'11l1J '\1 ll ~\li1.J l1'1ll'11 1J ~I Vl1l 1.J ~I~ 1.J fi I ri 11 1-f1 Vl1J1.J '1 J~ i1.J ~ ~ • • ..,. ~I , ~~ .., d d o od l < • 1 •

7. llfl1h1VI1J1.Jfll1l.l (Pair Discussion) I1J1.JI'VIfi1.Jfi'VIIl.lllfl"i!lll.lfllllll.ll1"i1J ~'VIV!Il11 l1 ' . ""'d~ :'1 ""dd ~o ~931""'

8. 1Jfl1.h1m1i1.J'VII.J (Team Discussion) I1J1.JI'VIfi1.Jfi'VIII.Illf1Jill~fllllll.l 11111 tl1"ffi.J1'lffl'111l~

fl~I.I"!Jfl'lfi1.J 111.1n1.Jfi~ '1:!~ 1li11h1~Vlrv~.~r11.J od 1 od t o

0 d 0 d fi1.J 'VI1 ~ 11.J! ~ ~1 ~ 1.J ff1! H

10. flm1~~!11l1 (Line-Ups) !~1.JI'VIf1Ufl~~1~'11~~11-fum1~1.J~1.JI~1.JI!f:nl1~~rlw11J

m'Vl rl1 l1~1l~~~m 01l11.J~ M 1'li1.Jm M m'Vl~N'lllnum1 ~1.J uli'11 1-f ufl~~1.J~1.J~ ~~rl1.1'mn'l'l • • ~1.J\li1J1.J'\Jll~1~:Jr11'1'111l~III.Jl1~ 1-i1~ i'Ji1l1l11"i !~1.Jfi'1.J

II. fll"i Vl~!~ 1.J fim1.1 !1l1101l11.J ~ (Time-Pair-Share) ! ~1.JI 'VI f1Uflfl1 "i 11 ~1.J!! 1J1J-l11.1i'l 1l~ • • ffl.ll'llfl~1Jfirl1.J ffl.ll'llflfi1.J~ 1 Vl~ 11.Jnm~n1l11.J ~~Vlvlll1l1J h'VIV\1 ~ vtftum~n1l11.J ~ ffl.ll'llflfi1.J ~ . . "

v . . v

2 ~~ mflU1.Jffm'llflfi1.J~ 2 '1:!~ fi1.J~ 1 ~~ fll"il:J~Hnm!"Vlln1.Jrl1Jfl~~mfl

12. flWVh im~~11.JI~1.Jfl~l.l (Team Project) 1~1.JI'VIf1Uflfll"i~~1.J.i'1~nim~~11.J 1~~

fl"i01l11.J ~ilimn111 m ~m.J "i~1J1J'VI1Jl'VI'\Jll~ ff1.11'llflll~l1~fi1.J 'l1.J fl ril.J 'l ,r.; 1l.Jrl1.J vh 1m ~~11.J \llll.J . ' ' l.lll1Jl1l.J1~ 11'11Jm~ H'TI 'l 1-f ~~1 ~1.J ~ 1l.Jrl1.Jfifl-v111 m ~~11.Jill~ 1 fl ~u-m1 V1.JIID~ ml'1~'l 1-f ffm'llfl"IJ fl fi1.J ll1J'VI1Jl'V111.J fl1 "i "Y11 ~ 11.J

สำนกัหอ

สมุดกลาง

• 'l')fl'\J'Will!l'W'IJ!l~f1l'H!!l'W 11l1V

1) llminullil1~fi'W'Il!l~fl~lJl'llv'Wfi11llll11 lllllJ~ ~l!!l'W r'h11'W 1'11 'Wfl'l~ll11ll

'IJ!l~\ll'W ~~~ '11'1"11l'VIvti1mlJm111l11lJ1l'1m'W l!lJ1in'llv~n~lJ

2) 1,rl!miml111l'VIVfl1!1llJ'W~!llJ1hmm~ll1Hfl!11~ 1~~

78

3) ri 111 'W llll!lJ 1in 1-1'111 tl' 1 [~ lJ ~ l!m :Jlnfl 'W 1 Ill fl 'W 11 ~ ~ ri !l'W ~ '1.1'1 ,r ~lJ

~ > ~ ' > 9 >?I ~ ~ > > ~ > d~ > > 1"1 9 > > fl'W !11\ll!J11llJt:lfl\llll~ t'Yil1Jil111'W~l!!lfi'Wfi11111ll!1llJHl!!l'Wfl !llllll1111fl I'll !11t:lfl\llll~'VIflfi'W

OJ OJ OJ 'I

6) 111mT 'W 11lJ'W llmiflfi'Wilill hhl'lm1'111 tl' 1 ul\'1~ ~.1 1til 'W nil m 'l lJillllJ'11' !l 3 • •

~~ 5 1 ,rVJ1l'll'W Ull'W llmin'VIflfi'Will!l1111l'VIVfl1!1llJ'VI n'1l'v 'l.l'm11 • • 14. ;:] llll~ v1;:] Ill ri;:] Al1'J'W fl ~ lJ (Think-pair-Square) 1\'J 'Wl 'VI flU fl1 Ill vt~ lJ 111mJ!)! 11111~ ll

11l'VIVfl1t:l1lJ 1 Ill~ l!lJ 1 :Jlnu~ !1 ~fi'W ;:,Ill fl1\llll11.1' 1V\ll'W llN rl!l'W ml' 1\l1fl1\l1 !)11 'IJ!l ~Ill 'W 'I tl !lll U11 vn 11 t~ll'Wll'I'W ri 111mT 'W ~viltl11vri'11llmin1 'WnciJJ'Illl~\ll'Wrlll'W uli'1ll11l\l1ti11llll11tci11 ,r~~ll'W'l VT~ " .

'11 :'I "" d 3/~ cV .

1~fl!1lJ.fi'!l'Wtl'W 2 1~ llAl1~1~ihh'W1'Wfl~lJlviln'W 1~l'WM'W11'11'1llllfl1~'WBflM'Wmh'11'1 11~llll11l

J~11~BV'Wrin'W~t.l' ~~ V'W~l\'J'Wri11~Bfl~lJ~t\'J'W ri ll~':j 1'111 ~ ll!lllU 'l 1 v 11~ B\l1tll'W B H\1~ 1'W fl~lJ uri . ' tl'Wll\1~ tl'W l lllVHlllll tl'W'\:llll lllll iJrm ri111 'W .-! nm.l'1v ll1flU 'W 11lj 'Wll vwtl\1 V'W ri11 ~ B fl~lJ 1 m.i l tJ

I j./ I I 1

~~ llV'l '[.-, v 'll.i 'll1n'W '[.-, v~i~ V'W 1~ 'W Bflll 11:::1~ l'W tfl i'IB'W fi 'I tlt'W Virrm~lll Htl'W '11' 1lJ rrl B 1 ,r llm:Jln •

'll.i'll1fl~lJl~lJ

16. f1l 'l M '11' lll,jl11l'll'W flll11ll111111lj'W llV'W (Rotating Feedback) !l'I'Wl'VIfl iJ fl~l!lJ 19ifl GJ 1 1 Gj V~ 'J)

79

d ~1 ' • d"' ... ., ?I d 3. fll'il'W'W• I'JV l'lifl'i\WfffllJ111'i!lfll'ifffllJll1J'W'ilVfl'i\W (Case Based Learning) fll'i •

:v :v""" ~ ..., 01 ..., , ~ d """ '"" ""' :v A llfl1lty111 rjl 'i V'W ~ ~ l l'f !l fl ~ 1'1 fll'i fl1J11l'f flfll 'i 1'1 N'l fll 'i MfllJ ll1J'W 'i 1 V fl'i Ill l11l.Jl::: fl1J fll'i l 'i V'WJ l '1'1 !l

w\'11 ty111~ '11.Hl fi 11'1 !l1J \] n.l' v ~ l Vi v~ fi 11'1 !l1J l ~ v1 11'1 Vl \l '1'11 ~ 11 ty 111 J 'W .I' v ~ lll 'W 11 ty 111 ~ iu 9i v 'W lJ v ~ '1 • "'?I d ••• ~,, •• ~ 1'111 l'f 1 V'lljlJ !l ~ fll'i fffllJ lllJ 'W 'i 1 V fl 'i \W llll.Jl 'i (1 '1'11'll 'W 1 'VI fllJ ~ fll Hli'Jl'f'W l ~ 1'1 1'11 Vfll'i '1'1 ~ l'i \W 1

>,~ 0 >,~ .. • ?I d., d d Ji d ' ... 111'11 Nllfl1Jty111U l'f ~ 'W lll'f'W !JU 'W 1'Vll ~ Ufl1Jty111 9! ~1'1 !l ~llJ 'W fl'i Ill fffllJ l'Vll '\1 V'W '\1 'W l.Jll '1'1 lll11 fffllJ 1

~~ 1 • d d U l1 ~ 111'111 ~ UfllJty 111 1'1 V l\l '1'1l~U l1::: 1'1 !l ~lJ fll'i l '\1 V'W 1'1 !l1J

""" :v:v ~ """ !il!i! ~ ""' 4. fll'il'iV'WJ1'11Vfll'ill1Jl111~ (Inquiry Based Learning) fll'il'iV'WJ1'11Vfll'i111Jl11l~lJ

0 .... I d .!' > ,~ ' ~I ' 1J 'l ~fl!l1JI'J1V1J ty111V!JV'll.JlfllJl V rjl 'i V'W ~~1'1 !l~ ll111~11111 'W 111 1Jty111 V!l V Ul'l~llJ 111lJlVV!JV ~1 fl . ' n''t' .... 'J) Q.l- .. ""' I

11¥N11nfiR~1m.i u11~'1.1' 4 ,f'WI'I!l'W i!iv I) ,f'W'Vl1J'Vl1'Wfl1llJ¥l~lJ 11lJlV~~'Il'lllJ

80

fl11:U~l~:U 3) ~'W 1M'l~!l:U 1v~U1fl11:U~l~:Utl1J !111:U~ili111.W!lill hni ll11:U~ill 1'11lllflill~ 1flfll1 • •

l'l'll'W 1vwli'fll'l'ill-i' l vn 1~fi 1111:u 1ll u

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l1 vu nnl'l'!l u mn •

!H~l.J1~mJ1Jth~ty'Utn011tlU.Jtl1tlUJ

llj : llj lJlJ 'VIl.J 1'VIff1fi'(\J l 'W fll1ll'l1 V:Utl1\1l:IJUl1~ 111:1Jtl1\1l:IJ'II W~lJfll1l1 V'W fll1l'I'!J'W ~"

m ~~.rll~~ ;lm1mJ w~fi 1111:u~~ l'll1!lill~um>1 ~tl1\1l:U!l~1~iJilw!ll'l'l 11'1 !l~ l 'VIIllJilf11>111:ufi1m:u "'

' 1.1 ft11111Jfl111J~1 (Cognitive Memory Question) lll'Wfi11111J~~um1vuu1'1l'm-vl~~1 ~

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สำนกัหอ

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81

3) t'ilm )J 1 11' 1J ll nr111mnn ~ 11'1ll il ~l)J '\1 ll ~ ~ ~ ~ H '1 hwulfl11 )J! tt ~ !'flJ nn rut~ lJ 1 u > ~ .-1 1J !'f ~ n'l1 m 'i llllllJ 1h\ll!J'Vl1J vnu m llJ 'il11J 1 llllllJ • o .J,do d o 'J.I lll'il _I 'J.I9'J.I"" ~u . . t~llflll'll'm,jAll 1J fi 1 tlllJ fi 1 tll lJ 'lf.W 1'1 illl fi 1'l1 1'11 "l lJ •

• y

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82

o ..,. v d o dv 1v"" .::t o 3.1 2.1. llllll:ulUI'1n11~ (Divergent Question) lli'Wfl11lllJ'V1\lltl~f11'i YI'Wf1l'iV'\.J'W1'1Jtllj11

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rt~lft~1L[tU1,

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