Andrada vs Philhino Corporation

8/19/2019 Andrada vs Philhino Corporation

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ANDRADA VS PHILHINO CORPORATIONBERSAMIN, J.:An appeal by petition for reie! on certiorari "n#er R"le $% &'all rai&e only ("e&tion& of la!) T'"&, t'e'erein petition for reie! *"&t fail for rai&in+ a ("e&tion e&&entially of fat) Antee#ent& On Dee*ber -., /001, re&pon#ent Pil'ino Sale& Corporation 2Pil'ino3 &"e# 4o&e An#ra#a, 4r)an# 'i& !ife, Ma5i*a, in t'e Re+ional Trial Co"rt in Daao City 2RTC3 to reoer t'e prinipal &"*of P-$1,.67)11, pl"& intere&t an# ini#ental 'ar+e& 2Ciil Ca&e No) -1,$.08013) 9pon Pil'ino&

appliation, t'e RTC i&&"e# a !rit of preli*inary atta'*ent, !'i' a*e to be i*ple*ente# a+ain&t aHino tr"; an# a

Get, t'e petitioner& &till in&i&t in t'i& appeal t'at bot' lo!er o"rt& erre# in t'eir onl"&ion on t'eab&ene of ba# fait' on t'e part of Pil'ino) e annot &i#e !it' t'e petitioner&) T'eir in&i&tene, !'i' repre&ent& t'eir #i&a+ree*ent !it' t'e CA&#elaration t'at t'e &eon# an# t'ir# ele*ent& of ab"&e of ri+'t&,supra, !ere not e&tabli&'e#, re("ire&t'e on&i#eration an# reie! of fat"al i&&"e&) Hene, t'i& appeal annot &"ee#, for an appeal bypetition for reie! on certiorari annot #eter*ine fat"al i&&"e&) In t'e e5eri&e of it& po!er of reie!,t'e Co"rt i& not a trier of fat& an# #oe& not nor*ally "n#erta;e t'e re8e5a*ination of t'e ei#enepre&ente# by t'e onten#in+ partie& #"rin+ t'e trial) Perfore, t'e fin#in+& of fat by t'e CA areonl"&ie an# bin#in+ on t'e Co"rt) T'i& re&trition of t'e reie! to ("e&tion& of la! 'a& beenin&tit"tionali=e# in Setion /, R"le $% of t'e Rules of Court , viz: Setion /) Filing of petition with Supreme Court ) A party #e&irin+ to appeal by certiorari fro* a

"#+*ent or final or#er or re&ol"tion of t'e Co"rt of Appeal&, t'e San#i+anbayan, t'e Re+ional TrialCo"rt or ot'er o"rt& !'eneer a"t'ori=e# by la!, *ay file !it' t'e S"pre*e Co"rt a erifie# petition for

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http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/156448.htm#_ftn3


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reie! on certiorari ) T'e petition &'all rai&e only ("e&tion& of la! !'i' *"&t be #i&tintly &et fort') 2/a,-a3.

It i& tr"e t'at t'e Co"rt 'a&, at ti*e&, allo!e# e5eption& fro* t'e re&trition) A*on+ t'e reo+ni=e#e5eption& are t'e follo!in+, to !it:0

2a3 'en t'e fin#in+& are +ro"n#e# entirely on &pe"lation, &"r*i&e&, or onet"re&@

2b3 'en t'e inferene *a#e i& *anife&tly *i&ta;en, ab&"r#, or i*po&&ible@ 2c3 'en t'ere i& +rae ab"&e of #i&retion@ 2d 3 'en t'e "#+*ent i& ba&e# on a *i&appre'en&ion of fat&@ 2e3 'en t'e fin#in+& of fat& are onflitin+@ 2f 3 'en in *a;in+ it& fin#in+& t'e CA !ent beyon# t'e i&&"e& of t'e a&e, or it& fin#in+& are ontrary tot'e a#*i&&ion& of bot' t'e appellant an# t'e appellee@ 2g3 'en t'e CA& fin#in+& are ontrary to t'o&e by t'e trial o"rt@ 2h3 'en t'e fin#in+& are onl"&ion& !it'o"t itation of &peifi ei#ene on !'i' t'ey are ba&e#@

2i 3 'en t'e fat& &et fort' in t'e petition a& !ell a& in t'e petitioner& *ain an# reply brief& are not#i&p"te# by t'e re&pon#ent@ 2 j 3 'en t'e fin#in+& of fat are pre*i&e# on t'e &"ppo&e# ab&ene of ei#ene an# ontra#ite# byt'e ei#ene on reor#@ or 2 3 'en t'e CA *anife&tly oerloo;e# ertain releant fat& not #i&p"te# by t'e partie&, !'i', ifproperly on&i#ere#, !o"l# "&tify a #ifferent onl"&ion) Ho!eer, t'e ir"*&tane& of t'i& a&e #o not !arrant reer&in+ or *o#ifyin+ t'e fin#in+& of t'e CA,

!'i' are on&i&tent !it' t'e e&tabli&'e# fat&) Verily, t'e petitioner& #i# not proe t'e on"rrene oft'e ele*ent& of ab"&e of ri +'t&)

T'e petitioner& f"rt'er &ee; attorney& fee& ba&e# on Artile --1. 2$3 of t'e Civil Code, !'i' proi#e&t'at in the absence of stipulation, attorney!s fees and e"penses of litigation, other than judicial costs,cannot be recovered, e"cept """ #$% in cases of clearly unfounded civil action or proceeding against the

plaintiff """.F T'e petitioner& are not entitle# to attorney& fee&) It i& !ell aepte# in t'i& "riition t'at no pre*i"* &'o"l# be plae# on t'e ri +'t to liti+ate an# t'at noteery !innin+ party i& entitle# to an a"to*ati +rant of attorney& fee&)/1 In#ee#, before t'e effetiity oft'e ne! Civil Code, &"' fee& o"l# not be reoere# in t'e ab&ene of a &tip"lation)// It !a& only !it't'e a#ent of t'e ne! Civil Code t'at t'e ri+'t to ollet attorney& fee& in t'e in&tane& *entione# inArtile --1. !a& reo+ni=e#,/- an# &"' fee& are no! inl"#e# in t'e onept of at"al #a*a+e&)/7

One&"' in&tane i& !'ere t'e #efen#ant i& +"ilty of +ro&& an# ei#ent ba# fait' in ref"&in+ to &ati&fy t'eplaintiff& plainly ali#, "&t an# #e*an#able lai*)/$ T'i& i& a orollary of t'e +eneral priniplee5pre&&e# in Artile /0 of t'e Civil Code t'at eeryone *"&t, in t'e perfor*ane of 'i& #"tie&, ob&ere

'one&ty an# +oo# fait' an# t'e r"le e*bo#ie# in Artile //>1 t'at anyone +"ilty of fra"# 2ba# fait'3 in t'eperfor*ane of 'i& obli+ation &'all be liable for #a*a+e&)

B"t, a& note# by t'e Co"rt in &orales v. Court of 'ppeals,/% t'e a!ar# of attorney& fee& i& t'e e5eptionrat'er t'an t'e r"le) T'e po!er of a o"rt to a!ar# attorney& fee& "n#er Artile --1. of t'e CivilCode #e*an#& fat"al, le+al, an# e("itable "&tifiation@ it& ba&i& annot be left to &pe"lation an#onet"re)/6 T'e +eneral r"le i& t'at attorney& fee& annot be reoere# a& part of #a*a+e& bea"&eof t'e poliy t'at no pre*i"* &'o"l# be plae# on t'e ri+'t to liti+ate)/>

Herein, t'e ele*ent of ba# fait' on t'e part of Pil'ino in o**enin+ an# pro&e"tin+ Ciil Ca&e No)-/,.0.807, !'i' !a& nee&&ary to pre#iate t'e la!f"l +rant of attorney& fee& ba&e# on Artile --1.

2$3 of t'e Civil Code, !a& not e&tabli&'e#) Aor#in+ly, t'e petitioner& #e*an# for attorney& fee& *"&tfail) HERE


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E9SEBIO ?ONALES, Petitioner,

8 er&"& 8

PHILIPPINE COMMERCIAL AND INTERNATIONAL BANJ,EDNA OCAMPO, an# ROBERTO NOCEDA,

Re&pon#ent&)

?)R) No) /.1-%> Pre&ent: CORONA, C.J ), C'airper&on,VELASCO, 4R),NACH9RA, K

DEL CASTILLO, an#PERE, JJ )

Pro*"l+ate#: $$66, !'i' #enie# petitioner& appeal fro*

t'e Dee*ber /1, -11/ Dei&ion- in Ciil Ca&e No) 008/7-$ of t'e Re+ional Trial Co"rt 2RTC3, Bran'/7. in Ma;ati City) T'e RTC fo"n# "&tifiation for re&pon#ent& #i&'onor of petitioner& 'e; an# fo"n#petitioner &oli#arily liable !it' t'e &po"&e& 4o&e an# 4oelyn Panlilio 2&po"&e& Panlilio3 fort'et'ree pro*i&&ory note& t'ey e5e"te# in faor of re&pon#ent P'ilippine Co**erial an# InternationalBan; 2PCIB3) T'e , /00. for t'e "npai# perio#i intere&t #"e& fro* t'eloan& of ?on=ale& an# t'e &po"&e& Panlilio) PCIB li;e!i&e fro=e t'e


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loan) T'e trial o"rt r"le# t'at t'e #i&'onor of t'e 'e; i&&"e# by ?on=ale& in faor of 9n&on !a&proper on&i#erin+ t'at t'e re#it line "n#er t'e COHLA 'a# alrea#y been ter*inate# or reo;e# beforet'e pre&ent*ent of t'e 'e;) A++riee#, ?on=ale& appeale# t'e RTC Dei&ion before t'e CA)T'e R"lin+ of t'e CA On Septe*ber -6, -11>, t'e appellate o"rt ren#ere# it& Dei&ion #i&*i&&in+ ?on=ale& appeal an#affir*in+ in toto t'e RTC Dei&ion) T'e fallo rea#&:

HERE


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: Ho! abo"t t'i& Mr) Ro#olfo Noe#aA: A& yo" loo; at t'e a"t'ori=ation a&pet of t'e loan Mr) Noe#a i& t'e bo&& of E#na &o 'e 'a&been fa*iliar !it' *y ao"nt eer &ine it& ineption) : So t'e&e t!o offier& Oa*po an# Noe#a ;ne! t'at t'i& !a& at"ally t'e ao"nt of Mr) Panlilioan# not yo"r ao"ntA: Ge&, &ir) In fat een if t'ere i& a 'an+e of ao"nt offier t'ey are al!ay& infor*in+ *e t'at t'eao"nt !ill be #ebite# to Mr) Panlilio& ao"nt)/>

Moreoer, t'e fir&t note for P'P %11,111 !a& &i+ne# by ?on=ale& an# 'i& !ife a& borro!er&, !'ile t'et!o &"b&e("ent note& &'o!e# t'e &po"&e& Panlilio &i+n a& borro!er& !it' ?on=ale&) It i&, t'"&, ei#entt'at ?on=ale& &i+ne#, a& borro!er, t'e pro*i&&ory note& oerin+ t'e P'P /,.11,111 loan #e&pite notreeiin+ any of t'e proee#&)

Second , t'e reor#& of PCIB in#ee# bear o"t, an# !a& a#*itte# by Noe#a, t'at t'e P'P /,.11,111 loanproee#& !ent to t'e &po"&e& Panlilio, t'"&: ATTG) DE 4ES9S: on Cro&&8E5a*inationI& it not a fat t'at a& far a& t'e reor#& of t'e ban; are onerne# t'e proee#& of t'e /). *illion loan

!a& reeie# by Mr) Panlilio NOCEDA:

Ge& &ir)/.

T'e fat t'at t'e loan& !ere "n#erta;en by ?on=ale& !'en 'e &i+ne# a& borro!er or o8borro!er fort'e benefit of t'e &po"&e& Panlilioa& &'o!n by t'e fat t'at t'e proee#& !ent to t'e &po"&e& Panlilio

!'o !ere &eriin+ or payin+ t'e *ont'ly #"e&i& be&i#e t'e point) 1,111 !'i' !a& li;e!i&e borne o"t by t'e Dee*ber >, /00. PCIB& ertifiation t'at 'e 'a& 9SD.,>/%)>- in 'i&


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loan oere# by t'e t'ree pro*i&&ory note&, ?on=ale& i& only an ao**o#ation party an# a& &"' onlylent 'i& na*e an# re#it to t'e &po"&e& Panlilio) 'ile not e5oneratin+ 'i& &oli#ary liability, ?on=ale&'a& a ri+'t to be properly appri&e# of t'e #efa"lt or #elin("eny of t'e loan prei&ely bea"&e 'e i& a o8&i+natory of t'e pro*i&&ory note& an# of 'i& &oli#ary liability)

e note t'at it i& in#ee# "n#er&tan#able for ?on=ale& to p"&' t'e &po"&e& Panlilio to pay t'eo"t&tan#in+ #"e& of t'e P'P /,.11,111 loan, &ine 'e !a& only an ao**o#ation party an# !a& notper&onally intere&te# in t'e loan) T'"&, a *eetin+ !a& &et by ?on=ale& !it' t'e &po"&e& Panlilio an#t'e PCIB offier&, Noe#a an# Oa*po, in t'e &po"&e& Panlilio& e!elry &'op in SM Me+a*all onOtober %, /00.) 9nfort"nately, t'e *eetin+ #i# not p"&' t'ro"+' #"e to t'e 'eay traffi Noe#a an#Oa*po eno"ntere#) S"' ;no!le#+e of t'e #efa"lt by ?on=ale& !a&, 'o!eer, not eno"+' to properly appri&e ?on=ale&abo"t t'e #efa"lt an# t'e o"t&tan#in+ #"e&) Verily, it i& not eno"+' to be *erely infor*e# to pay oer a'"n#re# t'o"&an# !it'o"t bein+ for*ally appri&e# of t'e e5at a++re+ate a*o"nt an# t'e orre&pon#in+#"e& pertainin+ to &peifi loan& an# t'e #ate& t'ey bea*e #"e) ?on=ale& te&tifie# t'at 'e !a& not #"ly notifie# abo"t t'e o"t&tan#in+ intere&t #"e& of t'e loan: ATTG) DE 4ES9S:No! !'en Mr) Panlilio& !a& eno"nterin+ proble*& !it' t'e ban; #i# t'e #efen#ant ban; a#i&e yo"of any proble* !it' t'e &a*e ao"nt

?ONALES:T'ey neer a#i&e# *e in !ritin+) : Ho! #i# yo" o*e to ;no! t'at t'ere !a& a proble*A: 'en *y 'e; bo"ne# &ir)-6

On t'e ot'er 'an#, t'e PCIB onten#& ot'er!i&e, a& Cora=on Nepo*"eno te&tifie#: ATTG) PADILLA:Can yo" tell t'i& Honorable Co"rt !'at i& it t'at yo" tol# Mr) ?on=ale& !'en yo" &po;e to 'i* at t'eelp'one

NEPOM9CENO:I "&t tol# 'i* to "p#ate t'e intere&t &o t'at !e !o"l# not 'ae to anel t'e COH Line an# 'e o"l# !it'#ra! t'e *oney t'at !a& in t'e #epo&it bea"&e te'nially, if an ao"nt i& pa&t #"e !e are notallo!e# to let t'e li ent !it'#ra! f"n#& bea"&e t'ey are allo!e# to off&et f"n#& &o, "&t to 'elp 'i* +et'i& *oney, "&t to "p#ate t'e intere&t &o t'at !e o"l# allo! 'i* to !it'#ra!): it'#ra! !'atA: Hi& *oney on t'e COH, !'ateer #epo&it 'e 'a& !it' "&) : Di# yo" infor* 'i* t'at if 'e #i# not "p#ate t'e intere&t 'e !o"l# not be able to !it'#ra! 'i&*oneyA: Ge& &ir, !e !ill be fore# to 'ol# on to any a&&et& t'at 'e 'a& !it' "& &o t'at& !'y !e &"++e&te#

"&t to "p#ate t'e intere&t bea"&e at t'e en# of eeryt'in+, 'e !o"l# be able to !it'#ra! *ore f"n#&t'an t'e intere&t t'at t'e *oney 'e !o"l# be nee#e# to "p#ate t'e intere&t)->

/ an# penaltie& fort'e "npai# intere&t #"e of P'P 6$,>66)66, or a total a++re+ate #"e of P'P />/,7.7)7>) B"t it i& not

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http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn27http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn28http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn29http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn30http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn30http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn31http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn31http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn31http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn27http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn28http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn29http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn30http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn31


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ertain an# t'e reor#& #o not &'o! !'en t'e letter !a& &ent an# !'en ?on=ale& reeie# it) 'at i&lear i& t'at &"' letter !a& belate#ly &ent by PCIB an# reeie# by ?on=ale& after t'e fat t'at t'elatter&


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#ili+ene to ne+ate it& liability to t'e #epo&itor&)7% In t'i& in&tane, PCIB i& &orely re*i&& in t'e #ili+enere("ire# in treatin+ !it' it& lient, ?on=ale&) It *ay not !antonly e5eri&e it& ri+'t& !it'o"t re&petin+an# 'onorin+ t'e ri+'t& of it& lient&) Art) /0 of t'e Ne! Ciil Co#e learly proi#e& t'at eery per&on *"&t, in t'e e5eri&e of 'i& ri+'t& an#in t'e perfor*ane of 'i& #"tie&, at !it' "&tie, +ie eeryone 'i& #"e, an# ob&ere 'one&ty an# +oo#fait')F T'i& i& t'e ba&i& of t'e priniple of ab"&e of ri+'t !'i', in t"rn, i& ba&e# "pon t'e *a5i* suum

jus summa injuria 2t'e ab"&e of ri+'t i& t'e +reate&t po&&ible !ron+3)76

In or#er for Art) /0 to be ationable, t'e follo!in+ ele*ent& *"&t be pre&ent: 2/3 t'e e5i&tene of a le+alri+'t or #"ty, 2-3 !'i' i& e5eri&e# in ba# fait', an# 273 for t'e &ole intent of pre"#iin+ or in"rin+anot'er)F7> e fin# t'at &"' ele*ent& are pre&ent in t'e in&tant a&e) T'e effetiity la"&e of t'eCOHLA i& ry&tal lear t'at ter*ination of t'e COH &'o"l# be #one only "pon prior notie &ere# on t'eCLIENT) T'i& i& t'e le+al #"ty of PCIBto infor* ?on=ale& of t'e ter*ination) Ho!eer, a& &'o!n byt'e aboe te&ti*onie&, PCIB faile# to +ie prior notie to ?on=ale&)

Malie or ba# fait' i& at t'e ore of Art) /0) Malie or ba# fait' i*plie& a on&io"& an# intentional#e&i+n to #o a !ron+f"l at for a #i&'one&t p"rpo&e or *oral obli("ity)F7. In t'e in&tant a&e, PCIB !a&able to &en# a letter a#i&in+ ?on=ale& of t'e "npai# intere&t on t'e loan&70 b"t faile# to *entionanyt'in+ abo"t t'e ter*ination of t'e COHLA) More &i+nifiantly, no letter !a& eer &ent to 'i* abo"t t'eter*ination of t'e COHLA) T'e fail"re to +ie prior notie on t'e part of PCIB i& alrea#y pri*a faieei#ene of ba# fait')$1 T'erefore, it i& ab"n#antly lear t'at t'i& a&e fall& &("arely !it'in t'e p"rie!

of t'e priniple of ab"&e of ri+'t& a& e*bo#ie# in Art) /0) T'ir#) T'ere i& no #i&p"te on t'e ri+'t of PCIB to &"&pen#, ter*inate, or reo;e t'e COHLA "n#er t'ero&& #efa"lt proi&ion&F of bot' t'e pro*i&&ory note& an# t'e COHLA) Ho!eer, t'e&e ro&& #efa"ltproi&ion& #o not onfer ab&ol"te "nilateral ri+'t to PCIB, a& t'ey are ("alifie# by t'e ot'er &tip"lation&in t'e ontrat& or &peifi ir"*&tane&, li;e in t'e in&tant a&e of an ao**o#ation party) T'e pro*i&&ory note& "nifor*ly proi#e: T'e len#er i& 'ereby a"t'ori=e#, at it& option an# !it'o"t notie, to &et off or apply to t'e pay*ent of t'i&Note any an# all *oney& !'i' *ay be in it& 'an#& on #epo&it or ot'er!i&e belon+in+ to t'e Borro!er)T'e Borro!er irreoably appointQ& t'e Len#er, effetie "pon t'e nonpay*ent of t'i& Note on#e*an#Qat *at"rity or "pon t'e 'appenin+ of any of t'e eent& of #efa"lt, b"t !it'o"t any obli+ation on

t'e Len#er& part &'o"l# it 'oo&e not to perfor* t'i& *an#ate, a& t'e attorney8in8fat of t'e Borro!er, to&ell an# #i&po&e of any property of t'e Borro!er, !'i' *ay be in t'e Len#er& po&&e&&ion by p"bli orpriate &ale, an# to apply t'e proee#& t'ereof to t'e pay*ent of t'i& Note@ t'e Borro!er, 'o!eer, &'allre*ain liable for any #efiieny)$/ 2E*p'a&i& o"r&)3

T'e aboe proi&o& are in#ee# ("alifie# !it' t'e &peifi ir"*&tane of an ao**o#ation party !'o,a& &"', 'a& not been &eriin+ t'e pay*ent of t'e #"e& of t'e loan&, an# *"&t fir&t be properlyappri&e# in !ritin+ of t'e o"t&tan#in+ #"e& in or#er to an&!er for 'i& &oli#ary obli+ation) T'e &a*e i& tr"e for t'e COHLA, !'i' in it& #efa"lt la"&e proi#e&: /6) DE


9/30

In t'e in&tant a&e, ?on=ale& &"ffere# fro* t'e ne+li+ene an# ba# fait' of PCIB) $$66 i& 'ereby REVERSED an#SET ASIDE) T'e P'ilippine Co**erial an#International Ban; 2no! Bano De Oro3 i& ORDERED to pay E"&ebio ?on=ale& P'P %1,111 a& no*inal#a*a+e&, P'P %1,111 a& *oral #a*a+e&, P'P /1,111 a& e5e*plary #a*a+e&, an# P'P %1,111 a&attorney& fee&) No prono"ne*ent a& to o&t&)

SO ORDERED)

9 | P a + e

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn47http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn48http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn48http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn49http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn49http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn49http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn50http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn50http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn51http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn51http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn52http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn52http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn52http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn53http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn53http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn53http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn54http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn55http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn56http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn47http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn48http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn49http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn50http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn51http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn52http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn53http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn54http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn55http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/february2011/180257.htm#_ftn56


10/30

?)R) No) /.07// Dee*ber 6, -1/1DENNIS R) MANANAL an# BA?9IO CO9NTRG CL9B CORPORATION, Petitioner&,&)RAMON J) IL9SORIO, Re&pon#ent)D E C I S I O NCARPIO MORALES, J./T'e only i&&"e pre&ente# in t'i& a&e i& !'et'er t'e o*plaint for #a*a+e& file# by Ra*on J) Il"&orio2re&pon#ent3 a+ain&t petitioner& Denni& R) Man=anal an# Ba+"io Co"ntry Cl"b Corporation 2BCCC3&tate& a a"&e of ation)On 4"ly >, /00$, a pent'o"&e "nit 2PH8/3 at t'e BCCC b"il#in+ in Ba+"io !a& a&&i+ne# to re&pon#ent byone 6)>$ !'i' 'e pai# "n#er prote&t) He, 'o!eer,re("e&te# a brea;#o!n of t'e a*o"nt !'i' BCCC, t'r" Man=anal, o*plie# !it', ia letter ofNoe*ber -6, -11/ to !'i' !a& atta'e# re&pon#ent& State*ent of Ao"nt ite*i=in+ t'e a*o"nt

!'i' in fat totale# P-,0-.,--7)-6) T'e letter rea#&:Atta'e# 'ere!it' plea&e fin# State*ent of Ao"nt !it' total a*o"nt of P-,0-.,--7)-6)O"r reor#& al&o &'o! t'at fro* April /00% to 4"ly /000, yo" &pon&ore# an e&ti*ate# ninety8&een

+"e&t&, *any of !'o* are M"ltinational Ine&t*ent Banorporation partner& an# per&onnel, Cl"b'ar+e& for !'i' a*o"nt to T!o Million of t'e Ciil Co#e of t'e P'ilippine&, obli+ation& ari&e fro* la!@ ontrat&@ ("a&i8ontrat&@at& or o*i&&ion& p"ni&'e# by la!@ an# ("a&i8#elit&) In t'e pre&ent a&e, it i& ("ite lear t'at t'eolletion of t'e a*o"nt of P-,0-.,--7)-6 i& learly !it'o"t le+al or fat"al ba&i&) Corollary t'ereto,BCCC an# MANANAL 'ae no ri+'t to ollet t'e a*o"nt of P-,0-.,--7)-6 fro* t'e plaintiff)--) Colletin+ roo* 'ar+e& p"rporte#ly in"rre# a& far a& &i5 263 year& a+o, a&i#e fro* t'e fat t'at it i&ba&ele&&, i& al&o #"bio"& an# &'e*in+) A& o!ner of t'e &"bet 9NIT, plaintiff &'o"l# not be 'el# liablefor it& "&e an# enoy*ent on&i#erin+ t'at "&e an# enoy*ent of t'e 9NIT are ini#ene of o!ner&'ip)-7) A&&"*in+ !it'o"t one#in+ t'at BCCC 'a& t'e ri+'t to ollet t'e a*o"nt of P-,0-.,--7)-6 fro*t'e plaintiff t'e &a*e 'a# alrea#y pre&ribe#)-$) A&&"*in+ !it'o"t one#in+ t'at BCC 'a& t'e ri+'t to ollet t'e a*o"nt P-,0-.,--7)-6 fro* t'eplaintiff, t'e latter i& alrea#y +"ilty of la'e& an# e&toppel to effet olletion t'ereof)-%) Moreoer, it i& i*proper for BCCC an# MANANAL to ollet t'e a*o"nt pertainin+ to t'eretifiation !or;& re+ar#in+ a p"rporte# enroa'*ent on BCCC o**on area& bea"&e t'e *atter i&&till &"bet of a pen#in+ a&e before t'e Re+ional Trial Co"rt of Ba+"io City entitle# Ba+"io Co"ntryCl"b &) Ra*on J) Il"&orio #o;ete# a& Ciil Ca&e No) $>%18R)-6) 9n#er t'e fore+oin+ ir"*&tane&, BCCC an# MANANAL &'o"l# be enoine# fro* olletin+ fro*t'e plaintiff or in any !ay e5tra8"#iially enforin+ t'e pay*ent of &ai# lai* or i*po&in+ any &antiona+ain&t t'e plaintiff on ao"nt of &ai# lai*)SECOND CA9SE O< ACTION

->) A& a on&e("ene of t'e "nla!f"l at of MANANAL an# BCCC in initiatin+ olletion of t'e a*o"ntof P-,0-.,--7)-6 fro* t'e plaintiff, 'arateri=e# !it' "tter *alie an# +ro&& an# ei#ent ba# fait',plaintiff 'a& &"ffere# *oral #a*a+e&, on&i&tin+ of *ental an+"i&', &oial '"*iliation, an5iety an# t'eli;e, !'i', on&i#erin+ 'i& b"&ine&& an# &oial &tan#in+ in t'e o**"nity, i& rea&onably e&ti*ate# int'e a*o"nt of One Million Pe&o& 2P/,111,111)113)$

5 5 5 5 2e*p'a&i& an# "n#er&orin+ in t'e ori+inal3Re&pon#ent aerre# t'at, inter alia, 'e &'o"l# not be 'ar+e# for t'e "&e of t'e "nit a& 'e, a& o!ner, i&entitle# to it& "&e an# enoy*ent) An# 'e a&t #o"bt on billin+ 'i* for 'ar+e& #atin+ ba; to /00%)In lie" of an An&!er, Man=anal file# a Motion to Di&*i&& t'e o*plaint for fail"re to &tate a a"&e ofation, 'e alle+in+ t'at bein+ *erely an offier !'o &i+ne# on be'alf of BCCC, 'e &'o"l# not beper&onally liable) He e5plaine# t'at t'e at of &en#in+ a #e*an# letter #oe& not on&tit"te a a"&e ofation a+ain&t t'e obli+eeQre#itor) Alternatiely, Man=anal lai*e# t'at re&pon#ent& a&&eeration&a+ain&t 'i* an# BCCC &'o"l# be entilate# a& a *atter of #efen&e in t'e olletion &"it file# a+ain&t

'i*)BCCC al&o file# a Motion to Di&*i&& on t'e +ro"n# of litis pendentia, it 'ain+ file# a olletion &"ita+ain&t re&pon#ent before t'e RTC of Ba+"io City #o;ete# a& Ciil Ca&e No) $>%18R,% to reoer t'eo&t of re*oin+ ille+al &tr"t"re& in 'i& "nit)Bran' /$% of RTC Ma;ati to !'i' re&pon#ent& o*plaint !a& raffle#, #i&*i&&e# t'e o*plaint, byOr#er of Otober /1, -11- in t'i& !i&e:5 5 5 To &"&tain plaintiff IL9SORIO& a&&ertion& t'at t'i& Co*plaint &tate& a a"&e of ation !o"l# be tor"le t'at t'e at of &en#in+ a #e*an# letter by it&elf on&tit"te& a a"&e of ation) 'en a re#itor &en#&a #e*an# letter to a #ebtor, aor#in+ to plaintiff IL9SORIO& t'eory, t'at i& alrea#y an ationable

!ron+, a a"&e of ation) 5 5 5 6

On appeal, t'e Co"rt of Appeal&, by Dei&ion of Noe*ber -6, -11.,> reer&e# t'e RTC Ma;atian# or#ere# t'e rein&tate*ent of re&pon#ent& o*plaint, 'ol#in+ a& follo!&)5 5 5 In t'i& a&e, if t'e alle+ation& in t'e o*plaint t'at 2/3 t'e plaintiff8appellant Il"&orio i& a *e*berof t'e Ba+"io Co"ntry Cl"b an# an o!ner of one of t'e "nit& of t'e Cl"b& Ho"&e B"il#in+, t'ereby

entitlin+ 'i* to t'e po&&e&&ion an# "&e of &"' "nit &"bet to rea&onable *e*ber&'ip 'ar+e&) 2-3 t'e#efen#ant&8appellee& 'a# been "nrea&onably 'ar+in+ 'i*

10 | P a + e

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt1http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt1http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt2http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt2http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt4http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt7http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt7http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt1http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt2http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt4http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/dec2010/gr_189311_2010.html#fnt7


11/30

'ar+e& an# bill& for t'e "&e of 'i& "nit !it'o"t fat"al an# le+al ba&i&, an# 273 #e&pite 'i& obetion& tot'e a*o"nt 'ar+e& bille# in 'i& na*e, t'e #efen#ant&8appellee& 'a# t'reatene# to enfore t'e &ai#'ar+e& in t'e *anner proi#e# "n#er t'e Cl"b& r"le& are a&&"*e# to be tr"e, t'en t'e plaintiff8appellant !o"l# be entitle# to t'e relief #e*an#e# in 'i& o*plaint). 2"n#er&orin+ &"pplie#3Petitioner& *otion for reon&i#eration !a& #enie# by Re&ol"tion of A"+"&t -$, -110) Hene, t'e filin+ oft'e pre&ent petition for reie!)T'e petition i& *eritorio"&)A a"&e of ation i& t'e at or o*i&&ion by !'i' a party iolate& t'e ri+'t of anot'er, entitlin+ t'e in"re#party to relief) It& e5i&tene i& #eter*ine# fro* t'e alle+ation& in t'e o*plaint)0

T'e Co"rt fin#& fro* t'e tenor of t'e #e*an# letter&, !'i' re&pon#ent anne5e# to 'i& o*plaint, t'at it#i# not #eiate fro* t'e &tan#ar# pratie of p"r&"in+ t'e &ati&fation of a l"b *e*ber& obli+ation&)Re&pon#ent #i# not in#iate in 'i& o*plaint 'o! ten"o"& petitioner& lai* for "npai# 'ar+e& i&) /1 In'i& reply to petitioner& final letter of #e*an#, 'e in fat #i# not ontra#it petitioner& &tate*ent t'at 'i&

!or; partner& an# e*ployee& "&e# 'i& "nit, t'ereby a#*ittin+ t'at 'e !el'e# on 'i& "n#erta;in+ in t'eontrat t'at only fa*ily *e*ber& are allo!e# free "&a+e)A& an e5l"&ie or+ani=ation !'i' pri*arily #erie& life fro* *e*ber&'ip fee& an# 'ar+e&, BCCC i&e5pete# to enfore lai*& fro* *e*ber& in #efa"lt of t'eir ontrat"al obli+ation&)Een "n#er t'e priniple of ab"&e of ri+'t&, Cebu Country Club, 1nc. v. lizaga(ue// !'i' e5po"n#& a&follo!&:In 2F (uity, 1nc. v. 3alenzona, !e e5po"n#e# Artile /0 an# orrelate# it !it' Artile -/, t'"&: T'i&artile, ;no!n to ontain !'at i& o**only referre# to a& t'e priniple of ab"&e of ri+'t&, &et& ertain&tan#ar#& !'i' *"&t be ob&ere# not only in t'e e5eri&e of one& ri+'t& b"t al&o in t'e perfor*ane ofone& #"tie&) T'e&e &tan#ar#& are t'e follo!in+: to at !it' "&tie@ to +ie eeryone 'i& #"e@ an# to

ob&ere 'one&ty an# +oo# fait') T'e la!, t'erefore, reo+ni=e& a pri*or#ial li*itation on all ri+'t&@ t'at int'eir e5eri&e, t'e nor*& of '"*an on#"t &et fort' in Artile /0 *"&t be ob&ere#) A ri+'t, t'o"+' byit&elf le+al bea"&e reo+ni=e# or +rante# by la! a& &"', *ay neert'ele&& beo*e t'e &o"re of&o*e ille+ality) 'en a ri+'t i& e5eri&e# in a *anner !'i' #oe& not onfor* !it' t'e nor*& en&'rine#in Artile /0 an# re&"lt& in #a*a+e to anot'er, a le+al !ron+ i& t'ereby o**itte# for !'i' t'e

!ron+#oer *"&t be 'el# re&pon&ible) B"t !'ile Artile /0 lay& #o!n a r"le of on#"t for t'e +oern*entof '"*an relation& an# for t'e *aintenane of &oial or#er, it #oe& not proi#e a re*e#y for it& iolation)?enerally, an ation for #a*a+e& "n#er Artile -1 or Artile -/ !o"l# be proper) 2itation o*itte#,"n#er&orin+ &"pplie#3,re&pon#ent annot &ee; ref"+e)In fine, t'e RTC #i# not err in or#erin+ t'e #i&*i&&al of t'e o*plaint a+ain&t petitioner& for la; of a"&eof ation) It !a& t'"& error for t'e appellate o"rt to &et a&i#e t'e RTC #ei&ion)HERE


12/30

ERMELINDA C) MANALOTO, A9RORA 4) CI to Noe*ber--, /00., an# t'e &"* of P/>,111)11 a *ont' t'ereafter "ntil re&pon#ent aate& t'e pre*i&e&@ an# 23pay petitioner& t'e &"* of P%,111)11 a& attorney& fee&) On appeal to t'e Re+ional Trial Co"rt 2RTC3 Bran' .., "e=on City, t'e MeTC #ei&ion !a&

reer&e#) Re&pon#ent !a& or#ere# to pay arreara+e& fro* May -7, /00> "p to t'e #ate of t'e #ei&ionb"t 'e !a& al&o +ien an option to 'oo&e bet!een &tayin+ in t'e lea&e# property or aatin+ t'e &a*e,

&"bet to t'e rei*b"r&e*ent by petitioner& of one8'alf of t'e al"e of t'e i*proe*ent& !'i' it fo"n#to be in t'e a*o"nt of P/-1,111)11) Re&pon#ent !a& al&o +ien t'e ri+'t to re*oe &ai#i*proe*ent& p"r&"ant to Artile /6>. of t'e Ciil Co#e, &'o"l# petitioner& ref"&e to payP61,111)11) 'en bot' partie& *oe# for t'e reon&i#eration of t'e RTC #ei&ion, t'e RTC i&&"e# an Or#er #ate#


13/30

T'e petitioner& file# an O*nib"& Motion 6 on #ei&ion in Ciil Ca&e No) 81-8$.7$/ onSepte*ber -6, -117) He file# a Motion for Reon&i#eration> of &ai# "#+*ent on Otober /1, -117,

!'i' RTC8Bran' --> #enie# in an Or#er. #ate# Dee*ber 71, -117)

Re&pon#ent reeie# a opy of t'e RTC8Bran' --> or#er #enyin+ 'i& Motion for Reon&i#eration on or#er #i&*i&&in+ 'i& appeal on April 71, -11$ an# 'efile# a Motion for Reon&i#eration// of t'e &a*e on May 7, -11$) T'e RTC8Bran' -->, in anot'erOr#er/- #ate# May 7/, -11$, +rante# re&pon#ent& late&t *otion bea"&e it !a& onine# t'at it i& b"tappropriate an# fair to bot' partie& t'at t'i& *atter of !'et'er or not t'e Appeal !a& file# on ti*e, bere&ole# by t'e appellate o"rt rat'er t'an by t'i& Co"rt)F T'e RTC8Bran' --> t'en or#ere# t'at t'ereor#& of t'e a&e be for!ar#e# a& &oon a& po&&ible to t'e Co"rt of Appeal& for f"rt'er proee#in+&)

T'e Co"rt of Appeal&, in a Re&ol"tion/7 #ate#


14/30

to re&pon#ent ba&e# on t'e bare an# "nproen alle+ation& in t'e latter& o*plaint an# !it'o"t t'ebenefit of any 'earin+ or trial) 'ile t'e appellate o"rt #elare# t'at RTC8Bran' --> &'o"l# 'aeproee#e# !it' t'e trial on t'e *erit& inolin+ t'e ation for #a*a+e&, it &"rpri&in+ly !ent a'ea# an#r"le# on petitioner& liability for &ai# #a*a+e& een !it'o"t trial) Een a&&"*in+ for t'e &a;e ofar+"*ent t'at re&pon#ent& alle+ation& in 'i& o*plaint are tr"e, 'e &till 'a& no a"&e of ation for#a*a+e& a+ain&t petitioner&, for t'e #i&lo&"re of a o"rt #ei&ion, !'i' i& part of p"bli reor#, #i# nota"&e any le+al an# o*pen&able in"ry to re&pon#ent)

Re&pon#ent, on t'e ot'er 'an#, *aintain& t'at 'i& appeal of t'e Septe*ber -, -117 Re&ol"tion of t'eRTC8Bran' --> to t'e Co"rt of Appeal& !a& ti*ely file# an# t'at t'e &a*e !a& aptly +ien #"eo"r&e) In a##ition, re&pon#ent a&&ert& t'at t'e appellate o"rt !a& orret in 'ol#in+ petitioner& liablefor #a*a+e& een !it'o"t any 'earin+ or trial &ine petitioner&, in filin+ t'eir o*nib"& *otion prayin+ fort'e #i&*i&&al of re&pon#ent& o*plaint on t'e +ro"n# of no a"&e of ation,F !ere #ee*e# to 'ae'ypot'etially a#*itte# a& tr"e t'e alle+ation& in &ai# o*plaint) T'e petition i& partly *eritorio"&) e note, at t'e o"t&et, t'at t'e propriety of t'e #i&*i&&al by t'e RTC8Bran' --> of re&pon#ent&&eon# a"&e of ation a+ain&t petitioner& 2e.g., for brea' of ontrat3 !a& no lon+er #i&p"te# by t'epartie&) T'"&, t'e pre&ent appeal pertain& only to re&pon#ent& fir&t a"&e of ation 2e.g., for #a*a+e&3,an# in onnetion t'ere!it', !e are alle# "pon to re&ole t'e follo!in+ i&&"e&: 2/3 !'et'er re&pon#entti*ely file# 'i& appeal of t'e Re&ol"tion #ate# Septe*ber -, -117 of t'e RTC8Bran' --> before t'eCo"rt of Appeal&@ an# 2-3 !'et'er re&pon#ent i& entitle# to t'e a!ar# of *oral an# e5e*plary #a*a+e&)

e an&!er t'e fir&t i&&"e on t'e ti*eline&& of re&pon#ent& appeal affir*atiely)

4"ri&pr"#ene 'a& &ettle# t'e fre&' perio# r"le,F aor#in+ to !'i', an or#inary appeal fro* t'e RTC tot'e Co"rt of Appeal&, "n#er Setion 7 of R"le $/ of t'e R"le& of Co"rt, &'all be ta;en !it'in fifteen 2/%3#ay& eit'er fro* reeipt of t'e ori+inal "#+*ent of t'e trial o"rt or fro* reeipt of t'e final or#er of t'etrial o"rt #i&*i&&in+ or #enyin+ t'e *otion for ne! trial or *otion for reon&i#eration) In Sumiran v.4amaso,/> !e pre&ente# a &"rey of t'e a&e& applyin+ t'e fre&' perio# r"le: A& early a& -11%, t'e Co"rt ate+orially #elare# in 5eypes v. Court of 'ppeals t'at by irt"e of t'epo!er of t'e S"pre*e Co"rt to a*en#, repeal an# reate ne! proe#"ral r"le& in all o"rt&, t'e Co"rt i&allo!in+ a fre&' perio# of /% #ay& !it'in !'i' to file a notie of appeal in t'e RTC, o"nte# fro* reeiptof t'e or#er #i&*i&&in+ or #enyin+ a *otion for ne! trial or *otion for reon&i#eration) T'i& !o"l#&tan#ar#i=e t'e appeal perio#& proi#e# in t'e R"le& an# #o a!ay !it' t'e onf"&ion a& to !'en t'e /%8#ay appeal perio# &'o"l# be o"nte#) T'"&, t'e Co"rt &tate#:

To reapit"late, a party8liti+ant *ay eit'er file 'i& notie of appeal !it'in /% #ay& fro* reeipt of t'eRe+ional Trial Co"rt& #ei&ion or file it !it'in /% #ay& fro* reeipt of t'e or#er 2t'e final or#er3 #enyin+'i& *otion for ne! trial or *otion for reon&i#eration) Obio"&ly, t'e ne! /%8#ay perio# *ay be aaile#of only if eit'er *otion i& file#@ ot'er!i&e, t'e #ei&ion beo*e& final an# e5e"tory after t'e lap&e of t'eori+inal appeal perio# proi#e# in R"le $/, Setion 7) T'e fore+oin+ r"lin+ of t'e Co"rt !a& reiterate# in &aati 1nsurance Co., 1nc. v. Reyes, to !it: Propitio"& to petitioner i& 5eypes v. Court of 'ppeals, pro*"l+ate# on /$ Septe*ber -11% !'ile t'epre&ent Petition !a& alrea#y pen#in+ before "&) 5 5 5)

5 5 5 5

it' t'e a#ent of t'e fre&' perio# r"le partie& !'o aaile# t'e*&ele& of t'e re*e#y of *otion forreon&i#eration are no! allo!e# to file a notie of appeal !it'in fifteen #ay& fro* t'e #enial of t'at*otion) T'e fre&' perio# r"le i& not inon&i&tent !it' R"le $/, Setion 7 of t'e Rei&e# R"le& of Co"rt !'i'&tate& t'at t'e appeal &'all be ta;en !it'in fifteen 2/%3 #ay& fro* notie of "#+*ent or final or#erappeale# fro*) T'e "&e of t'e #i&"ntie !or# or &i+nifie& #i&a&&oiation an# in#epen#ene of onet'in+ fro* anot'er) It &'o"l#, a& a r"le, be on&tr"e# in t'e &en&e !'i' it or#inarily i*plie&) Hene, t'e"&e of or in t'e aboe proi&ion &"ppo&e& t'at t'e notie of appeal *ay be file# !it'in /% #ay& fro*t'e notie of "#+*ent or !it'in /% #ay& fro* notie of t'e final or#er, 5 5 5) 5 5 5 5

T'e fre&' perio# r"le finally era#iate& t'e onf"&ion a& to !'en t'e /%8#ay appeal perio# &'o"l# beo"nte# fro* reeipt of notie of "#+*ent or fro* reeipt of notie of final or#er appeale# fro*) Ta;in+ o"r bearin+& fro* 5eypes, in Sumaway v. 6rban *an, 1nc., !e &et a&i#e t'e #enial of a notie ofappeal !'i' !a& p"rporte#ly file# fie #ay& late) it' t'e fre&' perio# r"le, t'e /%8#ay perio# !it'in

!'i' to file t'e notie of appeal !a& o"nte# fro* notie of t'e #enial of t'e t'erein petitioner& *otionfor reon&i#eration) e follo!e# &"it in lbi+a v. Ceniza, !'erein !e applie# t'e priniple +rantin+ a fre&' perio# of /% #ay&

!it'in !'i' to file t'e notie of appeal, o"nte# fro* reeipt of t'e or#er #i&*i&&in+ a *otion for ne!

trial or *otion for reon&i#eration or any final or#er or re&ol"tion) T'ereafter, in First '(ua Sugar )raders, 1nc. v. *an of the 7hilippine 1slands, !e 'el# t'at a party8liti+ant*ay no! file 'i& notie of appeal eit'er !it'in fifteen #ay& fro* reeipt of t'e ori+inal #ei&ion or !it'infifteen #ay& fro* t'e reeipt of t'e or#er #enyin+ t'e *otion for reon&i#eration)

In 4e los Santos v. 3da. de &angubat , !e applie# t'e &a*e priniple of fre&' perio# r"le, e5po&t"latin+t'at proe#"ral la! refer& to t'e a#etie la! !'i' pre&ribe& r"le& an# for*& of proe#"re in or#ert'at o"rt& *ay be able to a#*ini&ter "&tie) Proe#"ral la!& #o not o*e !it'in t'e le+al oneption ofa retroatie la!, or t'e +eneral r"le a+ain&t t'e retroatie operation of &tat"te&) T'e fre&' perio# r"lei& irrefra+ably proe#"ral, pre&ribin+ t'e *anner in !'i' t'e appropriate perio# for appeal i& to beo*p"te# or #eter*ine# an#, t'erefore, an be *a#e appliable to ation& pen#in+ "pon it& effetiity,&"' a& t'e pre&ent a&e, !it'o"t #an+er of iolatin+ anyone el&e& ri+'t&)/. 2E*p'a&e& &"pplie#)3

Al&o in Sumiran, !e reo+ni=e# t'e retroatie appliation of t'e fre&' perio# r"le to a&e& pen#in+ an#"n#eter*ine# "pon it& effetiity: T'e retroatiity of t'e Neype& r"le in a&e& !'ere t'e perio# for appeal 'a# lap&e# prior to t'e #ate ofpro*"l+ation of Neype& on Septe*ber /$, -11%, !a& learly e5plaine# by t'e Co"rt in Fil8state7roperties, 1nc. v. 9omena83alencia, &tatin+ t'"&: T'e #eter*inatie i&&"e i& !'et'er t'e fre&' perio# r"le anno"ne# in Neype& o"l# retroatiely applyin a&e& !'ere t'e perio# for appeal 'a# lap&e# prior to /$ Septe*ber -11% !'en Neype& !a&pro*"l+ate#) T'at ("e&tion *ay be an&!ere# !it' t'e +"i#ane of t'e +eneral r"le t'at proe#"ral la!&*ay be +ien retroatie effet to ation& pen#in+ an# "n#eter*ine# at t'e ti*e of t'eir pa&&a+e, t'erebein+ no e&te# ri+'t& in t'e r"le& of proe#"re) A*en#*ent& to proe#"ral r"le& are proe#"ral or

re*e#ial in 'arater a& t'ey #o not reate ne! or re*oe e&te# ri+'t&, b"t only operate in f"rt'eraneof t'e re*e#y or onfir*ation of ri+'t& alrea#y e5i&tin+)/0 2E*p'a&e& &"pplie#)3

14 | P a + e

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn18http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn18http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn18http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn20http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn18http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/october2010/171365.htm#_ftn20


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In t'e a&e before "&, re&pon#ent reeie# a opy of t'e Re&ol"tion #ate# Septe*ber -, -117 of t'eRTC8Bran' --> #i&*i&&in+ 'i& o*plaint in Ciil Ca&e No) 81-8$.7$/ on Septe*ber -6,-117) #enie# re&pon#ent& Motion for Reon&i#eration in an Or#er#ate# Dee*ber 71, -117, !'i' t'e re&pon#ent reeie# on &'o"l# not 'ae #i&*i&&e#re&pon#ent& o*plaint for #a*a+e& on t'e +ro"n# of fail"re to &tate a a"&e of ation)

Aor#in+ to R"le -, Setion - of t'e R"le& of Co"rt, a a"&e of ation i& t'e at or o*i&&ion by !'i' aparty iolate& a ri+'t of anot'er) 'en t'e +ro"n# for #i&*i&&al i& t'at t'e o*plaint &tate& no a"&e of ation, &"' fat an be#eter*ine# only fro* t'e fat& alle+e# in t'e o*plaint an# fro* no ot'er, an# t'e o"rt annot on&i#erot'er *atter& aliunde) T'e te&t, t'erefore, i& !'et'er, a&&"*in+ t'e alle+ation& of fat in t'e o*plaintto be tr"e, a ali# "#+*ent o"l# be ren#ere# in aor#ane !it' t'e prayer &tate# t'erein)-1

Re&pon#ent *a#e t'e follo!in+ alle+ation& in &"pport of 'i& lai* for #a*a+e& a+ain&t petitioner&:


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2-3 Me##lin+ !it' or #i&t"rbin+ t'e priate life or fa*ily relation& of anot'er@ 273 Intri+"in+ to a"&e anot'er to be alienate# fro* 'i& frien#&@ 2$3 Ve5in+ or '"*iliatin+ anot'er on ao"nt of 'i& reli+io"& belief&, lo!ly &tation in life, plae ofbirt', p'y&ial #efet, or ot'er per&onal on#ition)

T'"&, Artile --/02/13 of t'e Ciil Co#e allo!& t'e reoery of *oral #a*a+e& for at& an# ation&referre# to in Artile -6, a*on+ ot'er proi&ion&, of t'e Ciil Co#e)

In Concepcion v. Court of 'ppeals ,-6 !e e5plaine# t'at: T'e p'ilo&op'y be'in# Art) -6 "n#er&ore& t'e nee&&ity for it& inl"&ion in o"r iil la!) T'e Co#eCo**i&&ion &tre&&e# in no "nertain ter*& t'at t'e '"*an per&onality *"&t be e5alte#) T'e&are#ne&& of '"*an per&onality i& a ono*itant on&i#eration of eery plan for '"*ana*elioration) T'e to"'&tone of eery &y&te* of la!, of t'e "lt"re an# iili=ation of eery o"ntry, i&'o! far it #i+nifie& *an) If t'e &tat"te& in&"ffiiently protet a per&on fro* bein+ "n"&tly '"*iliate#, in&'ort, if '"*an per&onality i& not e5alte# 8 t'en t'e la!& are in#ee# #efetie) T'"&, "n#er t'i& artile,t'e ri+'t& of per&on& are a*ply protete#, an# #a*a+e& are proi#e# for iolation& of a per&on& #i+nity,per&onality, priay an# peae of *in#)

It i& petitioner& po&ition t'at t'e at i*p"te# to 'i* #oe& not on&tit"te any of t'o&e en"*erate# in Art&)-6 an# --/0) In t'i& re&pet, t'e la! i& lear) T'e iolation& *entione# in t'e o#al proi&ion& are note5l"&ie b"t are *erely e5a*ple& an# #o not prel"#e ot'er &i*ilar or analo+o"& at&) Da*a+e&t'erefore are allo!able for ation& a+ain&t a per&on& #i+nity, &"' a& profane, in&"ltin+, '"*iliatin+,&an#alo"& or ab"&ie lan+"a+e) 9n#er Art) --/> of t'e Ciil Co#e, *oral #a*a+e& !'i' inl"#ep'y&ial &"fferin+, *ental an+"i&', fri+'t, &erio"& an5iety, be&*ir'e# rep"tation, !o"n#e# feelin+&,*oral &'o;, &oial '"*iliation, an# &i*ilar in"ry, alt'o"+' inapable of pe"niary o*p"tation, *ay bereoere# if t'ey are t'e pro5i*ate re&"lt of t'e #efen#ant& !ron+f"l at or o*i&&ion) ->

'nd third , re&pon#ent alle+e# t'at t'e #i&trib"tion by petitioner& to Hor&e&'oe Villa+e 'o*eo!ner& ofopie& of t'e MeTC #ei&ion in t'e "nla!f"l #etainer a&e, !'i' !a& a#er&e to re&pon#ent an# &till onappeal before t'e RTC8Bran' .., 'a# no apparent la!f"l or "&t p"rpo&e e5ept to '"*iliatere&pon#ent or a&&a"lt 'i& 'arater) A& a re&"lt, re&pon#ent &"ffere# #a*a+e& beo*in+ t'e tal; oft'e to!n an# bein+ #eprie# of 'i& politial areer)

Petitioner& rea&on t'at re&pon#ent 'a& no a"&e of ation a+ain&t t'e* &ine t'e MeTC #ei&ion in t'e"nla!f"l #etainer a&e !a& part of p"bli reor#&)

It i& alrea#y &ettle# t'at t'e p"bli 'a& a ri+'t to &ee an# opy "#iial reor#& an# #o"*ent&)-. Ho!eer, t'i& i& not a a&e of t'e p"bli &ee;in+ an# bein+ #enie# ae&& to "#iial reor#& an##o"*ent&) T'e ontroer&y i& roote# in t'e #i&&e*ination by petitioner& of t'e MeTC "#+*ent a+ain&tre&pon#ent to Hor&e&'oe Villa+e 'o*eo!ner&, !'o !ere not inole# at all in t'e "nla!f"l #etainera&e, t'"&, p"rporte#ly affetin+ ne+atiely re&pon#ent& +oo# na*e an# rep"tation a*on+ &ai#'o*eo!ner&) T'e "nla!f"l #etainer a&e !a& a priate #i&p"te bet!een petitioner& an# re&pon#ent,an# t'e MeTC #ei&ion a+ain&t re&pon#ent !a& t'en &till pen#in+ appeal before t'e RTC8Bran' ..,ren#erin+ &"&pet petitioner& intention& for #i&trib"tin+ opie& of &ai# MeTC #ei&ion to non8partie& in

t'e a&e) 'ile petitioner& !ere free to opy an# #i&trib"te &"' opie& of t'e MeTC "#+*ent to t'e

p"bli, t'e ("e&tion i& !'et'er t'ey #i# &o !it' t'e intent of '"*iliatin+ re&pon#ent an# #e&troyin+ t'elatter& +oo# na*e an# rep"tation in t'e o**"nity)

Neert'ele&&, !e f"rt'er #elare t'at t'e Co"rt of Appeal& erre# in alrea#y a!ar#in+ *oral an#e5e*plary #a*a+e& in re&pon#ent& faor !'en t'e partie& 'ae not yet 'a# t'e 'ane to pre&ent anyei#ene before t'e RTC8Bran' -->) In iil a&e&, 'e !'o alle+e& a fat 'a& t'e b"r#en of proin+ itby a prepon#erane of ei#ene) It i& in"*bent "pon t'e party lai*in+ affir*atie relief fro* t'e o"rtto oninin+ly proe it& lai*) Bare alle+ation&, "n&"b&tantiate# by ei#ene are not e("ialent toproof "n#er o"r R"le&) In &'ort, *ere alle+ation& are not ei#ene)-0

At t'i& point, t'e fin#in+ of t'e Co"rt of Appeal& of ba# fait' an# *alie on t'e part of petitioner& 'a& nofat"al ba&i&) ?oo# fait' i& pre&"*e# an# 'e !'o alle+e& ba# fait' 'a& t'e #"ty to proe t'e&a*e) ?oo# fait' refer& to t'e &tate of t'e *in# !'i' i& *anife&te# by t'e at& of t'e in#ii#"alonerne#) It on&i&t& of t'e intention to ab&tain fro* ta;in+ an "non&ionable an# "n&r"p"lo"&a#anta+e of anot'er) Ba# fait', on t'e ot'er 'an#, #oe& not &i*ply onnote ba# "#+*ent to &i*plene+li+ene) It i*port& a #i&'one&t p"rpo&e or &o*e *oral obli("ity an# on&io"& #oin+ of a !ron+, abrea' of ;no!n #"ty #"e to &o*e *otie or intere&t or ill !ill t'at parta;e& of t'e nat"re of fra"#) Malieonnote& ill !ill or &pite an# &pea;& not in re&pon&e to #"ty) It i*plie& an intention to #o "lterior an#"n"&tifiable 'ar*)71

e annot &"b&ribe to re&pon#ent& ar+"*ent t'at t'ere i& no *ore nee# for t'e pre&entation ofei#ene by t'e partie& &ine petitioner&, in *oin+ for t'e #i&*i&&al of re&pon#ent& o*plaint for#a*a+e&, 'ypot'etially a#*itte# re&pon#ent& alle+ation&) T'e 'ypot'etial a#*i&&ion of re&pon#ent&

alle+ation& in t'e o*plaint only +oe& &o far a& #eter*inin+ !'et'er &ai# o*plaint &'o"l# be #i&*i&&e#on t'e +ro"n# of fail"re to &tate a a"&e of ation) A fin#in+ t'at t'e o*plaint &"ffiiently &tate& a a"&eof ation #oe& not nee&&arily *ean t'at t'e o*plaint i& *eritorio"&@ it &'all only re&"lt in t'erein&tate*ent of t'e o*plaint an# t'e 'earin+ of t'e a&e for pre&entation of ei#ene by t'e partie&)

HERE


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?)R) No) />$-60 May ., -110POLO S) PANTALEON, Petitioner,&)AMERICAN EPRESS INTERNATIONAL, INC), Re&pon#ent)D E C I S I O NTIN?A, J./T'e petitioner, la!yer Polo Pantaleon, 'i& !ife 4"lialin#a, #a"+'ter Anna Re+ina an# &on A#rianRoberto, oine# an e&orte# to"r of e&tern E"rope or+ani=e# by Trafal+ar To"r& of E"rope, Lt#), inOtober of /00/) T'e to"r +ro"p arrie# in A*&ter#a* in t'e afternoon of -% Otober /00/, t'e &eon#to t'e la&t #ay of t'e to"r) A& t'e +ro"p 'a# arrie# late in t'e ity, t'ey faile# to en+a+e in any &i+'t8&eein+) In&tea#, it !a& a+ree# "pon t'at t'ey !o"l# &tart early t'e ne5t #ay to &ee t'e entire ity beforeen#in+ t'e to"r)T'e follo!in+ #ay, t'e la&t #ay of t'e to"r, t'e +ro"p arrie# at t'e Co&ter Dia*on# Ho"&e in A*&ter#a*aro"n# /1 *in"te& before 0:11 a)*) T'e +ro"p 'a# a+ree# t'at t'e i&it to Co&ter &'o"l# en# by 0:71a)*) to allo! eno"+' ti*e to ta;e in a +"i#e# ity to"r of A*&ter#a*) T'e +ro"p !a& "&'ere# into Co&ter&'ortly before 0:11 a)*), an# li&tene# to a let"re on t'e art of #ia*on# poli&'in+ t'at la&te# for aro"n#ten *in"te&)/ After!ar#&, t'e +ro"p !a& le# to t'e &tore& &'o!roo* to allo! t'e* to &elet ite*& forp"r'a&e) Mr&) Pantaleon 'a# alrea#y planne# to p"r'a&e een before t'e to"r be+an a -)% ;arat#ia*on# brilliant "t, an# &'e fo"n# a #ia*on# lo&e eno"+' in appro5i*ation t'at &'e #ei#e# tob"y)- Mr&) Pantaleon al&o &elete# for p"r'a&e a pen#ant an# a 'ain,7 all of !'i' totale# 9)S)U/7,.-6)11)To pay for t'e&e p"r'a&e&, Pantaleon pre&ente# 'i& A*erian E5pre&& re#it ar# to+et'er !it' 'i&pa&&port to t'e Co&ter &ale& ler;) T'i& o"rre# at aro"n# 0:/% a)*), or /% *in"te& before t'e to"r

+ro"p !a& &late# to #epart fro* t'e &tore) T'e &ale& ler; too; t'e ar#& i*print, an# a&;e# Pantaleonto &i+n t'e 'ar+e &lip) T'e 'ar+e p"r'a&e !a& t'en referre# eletronially to re&pon#ent& A*&ter#a*offie at 0:-1 a)*)Ten *in"te& later, t'e &tore ler; infor*e# Pantaleon t'at 'i& A*e5Car# 'a# not yet been approe#) Hi&&on, !'o 'a# alrea#y boar#e# t'e to"r b"&, &oon ret"rne# to Co&ter an# infor*e# t'e ot'er *e*ber& oft'e Pantaleon fa*ily t'at t'e entire to"r +ro"p !a& !aitin+ for t'e*) A& it !a& alrea#y 0:$1 a)*), an# 'e

!a& alrea#y !orrie# abo"t f"rt'er inonenienin+ t'e to"r +ro"p, Pantaleon a&;e# t'e &tore ler; toanel t'e &ale) T'e &tore *ana+er t'o"+' a&;e# plaintiff to !ait a fe! *ore *in"te&) After /% *in"te&,t'e &tore *ana+er infor*e# Pantaleon t'at re&pon#ent 'a# #e*an#e# ban; referene&) Pantaleon&"pplie# t'e na*e& of 'i& #epo&itary ban;&, t'en in&tr"te# 'i& #a"+'ter to ret"rn to t'e b"& an#apolo+i=e to t'e to"r +ro"p for t'e #elay)At aro"n# /1:11 a)*, or aro"n# $% *in"te& after Pantaleon 'a# pre&ente# 'i& A*e5Car#, an# 71*in"te& after t'e to"r +ro"p !a& &"ppo&e# to 'ae left t'e &tore, Co&ter #ei#e# to relea&e t'e ite*&een !it'o"t re&pon#ent& approal of t'e p"r'a&e) T'e &po"&e& Pantaleon ret"rne# to t'e b"&) It i&alle+e# t'at t'eir offer& of apolo+y !ere *et by t'eir to"r*ate& !it' &tony &ilene)$ T'e to"r +ro"p&i&ible irritation !a& a++raate# !'en t'e to"r +"i#e anno"ne# t'at t'e ity to"r of A*&ter#a* !a& tobe anele# #"e to la; of re*ainin+ ti*e, a& t'ey 'a# to at' a 7:11 p)*) ferry at Calai&, Bel+i"* toLon#on)% Mr&) Pantaleon en#e# "p !eepin+, !'ile 'er '"&ban# 'a# to ta;e a tran("ili=er to al* 'i&nere&)It later e*er+e# t'at Pantaleon& p"r'a&e !a& fir&t tran&*itte# for approal to re&pon#ent& A*&ter#a*offie at 0:-1 a)*), A*&ter#a* ti*e, t'en referre# to re&pon#ent& Manila offie at 0:77 a)*, t'en finallyapproe# at /1:/0 a)*), A*&ter#a* ti*e)6 T'e Approal Co#e !a& tran&*itte# to re&pon#ent&A*&ter#a* offie at /1:7. a)*), &eeral *in"te& after petitioner 'a# alrea#y left Co&ter, an# >. *in"te&fro* t'e ti*e t'e p"r'a&e& !ere eletronially tran&*itte# by t'e e!elry &tore to re&pon#ent&A*&ter#a* offie)After t'e &tar8ro&&e# to"r 'a# en#e#, t'e Pantaleon fa*ily proee#e# to t'e 9nite# State& beforeret"rnin+ to Manila on /- Noe*ber /00-) 'ile in t'e 9nite# State&, Pantaleon ontin"e# to "&e 'i&

A*E5 ar#, &eeral ti*e& !it'o"t 'a&&le or #elay, b"t !it' t!o ot'er ini#ent& &i*i lar to t'e A*&ter#a*bro"'a'a) On 71 Otober /00/, Pantaleon p"r'a&e# +olf e("ip*ent a*o"ntin+ to 9S U/,$>%)11 "&in+

'i& A*E5 ar#, b"t 'e anelle# 'i& re#it ar# p"r'a&e an# borro!e# *oney in&tea# fro* a frien#,after *ore t'an 71 *in"te& 'a# tran&pire# !it'o"t t'e p"r'a&e 'ain+ been approe#) On 7 Noe*ber/00/, Pantaleon "&e# t'e ar# to p"r'a&e 'il#ren& &'oe& !ort' U.>)11 at a &tore in Bo&ton, an# ittoo; -1 *in"te& before t'i& tran&ation !a& approe# by re&pon#ent)On $ Mar' /00-, after o*in+ ba; to Manila, Pantaleon &ent a letter> t'ro"+' o"n&el to t'ere&pon#ent, #e*an#in+ an apolo+y for t'e inoneniene, '"*iliation an# e*barra&&*ent 'e an# 'i&fa*ily t'ereby &"ffere# for re&pon#ent& ref"&al to proi#e re#it a"t'ori=ation for t'e afore*entione#p"r'a&e&). In re&pon&e, re&pon#ent &ent a letter #ate# -$ Mar' /00-,0 &tatin+ a*on+ ot'er& t'at t'e#elay in a"t'ori=in+ t'e p"r'a&e fro* Co&ter !a& attrib"table to t'e ir"*&tane t'at t'e 'ar+e#p"r'a&e of 9S U/7,.-6)11 !a& o"t of t'e "&"al 'ar+e p"r'a&e pattern e&tabli&'e#)/1 Sinere&pon#ent ref"&e# to ae#e to Pantaleon& #e*an# for an apolo+y, t'e a++riee# ar#'ol#er in&tit"te#an ation for #a*a+e& !it' t'e Re+ional Trial Co"rt 2RTC3 of Ma;ati City, Bran' /$%)// Pantaleonpraye# t'at 'e be a!ar#e# P-,111,111)11, a& *oral #a*a+e&@ P%11,111)11, a& e5e*plary#a*a+e&@ P/11,111)11, a& attorney& fee&@ an# P%1,111)11 a& liti+ation e5pen&e&)/-

On % A"+"&t /006, t'e Ma;ati City RTC ren#ere# a #ei&ion/7 in faor of Pantaleon, a!ar#in+'i* P%11,111)11 a& *oral #a*a+e&, P711,111)11 a& e5e*plary #a*a+e&, P/11,111)11 a& attorney&fee&, an# P.%,-77)1/ a& e5pen&e& of liti+ation) Re&pon#ent file# a Notie of Appeal, !'ile Pantaleon*oe# for partial reon&i#eration, prayin+ t'at t'e trial o"rt a!ar# t'e inrea&e# a*o"nt of *oral an#e5e*plary #a*a+e& 'e 'a# praye# for)/$T'e RTC #enie# Pantaleon& *otion for partial reon&i#eration,an# t'ereafter +ae #"e o"r&e to re&pon#ent& Notie of Appeal)/%

On /. A"+"&t -116, t'e Co"rt of Appeal& ren#ere# a #ei&ion/6 reer&in+ t'e a!ar# of #a*a+e& in faorof Pantaleon, 'ol#in+ t'at re&pon#ent 'a# not brea'e# it& obli+ation& to petitioner) Hene, t'i& petition)T'e ;ey ("e&tion i& !'et'er re&pon#ent, in onnetion !it' t'e afore*entione# tran&ation&, 'a#

o**itte# a brea' of it& obli+ation& to Pantaleon) In a##ition, Pantaleon &"b*it& t'at een a&&"*in+t'at re&pon#ent 'a# not been in brea' of it& obli+ation&, it &till re*aine# liable for #a*a+e& "n#erArtile -/ of t'e Ciil Co#e)T'e RTC 'a# onl"#e#, ba&e# on t'e te&ti*onial repre&entation& of Pantaleon an# re&pon#ent& re#ita"t'ori=er, E#+ar#o 4a"ri+"e, t'at t'e nor*al approal ti*e for p"r'a&e& !a& a *atter of &eon#&)Ba&e# on t'at &tan#ar#, re&pon#ent 'a# been in lear #elay !it' re&pet to t'e t'ree &"bettran&ation&) A& it appear&, t'e Co"rt of Appeal& one#e# t'at t'ere 'a# been #elay on t'e part ofre&pon#ent in approin+ t'e p"r'a&e&) Ho!eer, it *a#e t!o ritial onl"&ion& in faor of re&pon#ent)


18/30

e an &ee t'e po&&ible &o"re of onf"&ion a& to !'i' type of *ora to appreiate) ?enerally, t'erelation&'ip bet!een a re#it ar# proi#er an# it& ar# 'ol#er& i& t'at of re#itor8#ebtor,-1 !it' t'e ar#o*pany a& t'e re#itor e5ten#in+ loan& an# re#it to t'e ar# 'ol#er, !'o a& #ebtor i& obli+e# to repayt'e re#itor) T'i& relation&'ip alrea#y ta;e& e5eption to t'e +eneral r"le t'at a& bet!een a ban; an# it&#epo&itor&, t'e ban; i& #ee*e# a& t'e #ebtor !'ile t'e #epo&itor i& on&i#ere# a& t'ere#itor)-/ Petitioner i& a&;in+ "&, not ba&ele&&ly, to a+ain &'ift per&petie& an# a+ain &ee t'e re#itar# o*pany a& t'e #ebtorQobli+or, in&ofar a& it 'a& t'e obli+ation to t'e "&to*er a& re#itorQobli+ee toat pro*ptly on it& p"r'a&e& on re#it)9lti*ately, petitioner& per&petie appear& *ore &en&ible t'an if !e !ere to &till re+ar# re&pon#ent a&t'e re#itor in t'e onte5t of t'i& a"&e of ation) If t'ere !a& #elay on t'e part of re&pon#ent in it&

nor*al role a& re#itor to t'e ar#'ol#er, &"' #elay !o"l# not 'ae been in t'e aeptane of t'eperfor*ane of t'e #ebtor& obli+ation 2 i.e), t'e repay*ent of t'e #ebt3, b"t it !o"l# be #elay in t'ee5ten&ion of t'e re#it in t'e fir&t plae) S"' #elay !o"l# not fall "n#er *ora aipien#i, !'i'onte*plate& t'at t'e obli+ation of t'e #ebtor, &"' a& t'e at"al p"r'a&e& on re#it, 'a& alrea#y beenon&tit"te#) Herein, t'e e&tabli&'*ent of t'e #ebt it&elf 2p"r'a&e& on re#it of t'e e!elry3 'a# not yetbeen perfete#, a& it re*aine# pen#in+ t'e approal or on&ent of t'e re&pon#ent re#it ar# o*pany)Still, in or#er for "& to appreiate t'at re&pon#ent !a& in *ora &olen#i, !e !ill 'ae to fir&t reo+ni=et'at t'ere !a& in#ee# an obli+ation on t'e part of re&pon#ent to at on petitioner& p"r'a&e& !it'ti*ely #i&pat', or for t'e p"rpo&e& of t'i& a&e, !it'in a perio# &i+nifiantly le&& t'an t'e one 'o"r itapparently too; before t'e p"r'a&e at Co&ter !a& finally approe#)T'e fin#in+& of t'e trial o"rt, to o"r *in#, a*ply e&tabli&'e# t'at t'e tar#ine&& on t'e part of re&pon#entin atin+ on petitioner& p"r'a&e at Co&ter #i# on&tit"te "lpable #elay on it& part in o*plyin+ !it' it&obli+ation to at pro*ptly on it& "&to*er& p"r'a&e re("e&t, !'et'er &"' ation be faorable or

"nfaorable) e ("ote t'e trial o"rt, t'"&:A& to t'e fir&t i&&"e, bot' partie& 'ae te&tifie# t'at nor*al approal ti*e for p"r'a&e& !a& a *atter of&eon#&)Plaintiff te&tifie# t'at 'i& per&onal e5periene !it' t'e "&e of t'e ar# !a& t'at e5ept for t'e t'ree'ar+e p"r'a&e& &"bet of t'i& a&e, approal& of 'i& 'ar+e p"r'a&e& !ere al!ay& obtaine# in a*atter of &eon#&)Defen#ant& re#it a"t'ori=er E#+ar#o 4a"ri("e li;e!i&e te&tifie#:) Go" al&o te&tifie# t'at on nor*al oa&ion&, t'e nor*al approal ti*e for 'ar+e& !o"l# be 7 to $&eon#&A) Ge&, Maa*)Bot' partie& li;e!i&e pre&ente# ei#ene t'at t'e proe&&in+ an# approal of plaintiff& 'ar+e p"r'a&eat t'e Co&ter Dia*on# Ho"&e !a& !ay beyon# t'e nor*al approal ti*e of a *atter of &eon#&)Plaintiff te&tifie# t'at 'e pre&ente# 'i& A*e5Car# to t'e &ale& ler; at Co&ter, at 0:/% a)*) an# by t'eti*e 'e 'a# to leae t'e &tore at /1:1% a)*), no approal 'a# yet been reeie#) In fat, t'e Cre#itA"t'ori=ation Sy&te* 2CAS3 reor# of #efen#ant at P'oeni5 A*e5 &'o!& t'at #efen#ant& A*&ter#a*offie reeie# t'e re("e&t to approe plaintiff& 'ar+e p"r'a&e at 0:-1 a)*), A*&ter#a* ti*e or 1/:-1,P'oeni5 ti*e, an# t'at t'e #efen#ant relaye# it& approal to Co&ter at /1:7. a)*), A*&ter#a* ti*e, or-:7., P'oeni5 ti*e, or a total ti*e lap&e of one 'o"r an# /. *in"te&) An# een t'en, t'e approal !a&on#itional a& it #irete# in o*p"tere&e &i Po&itie I#entifiation of Car# 'ol#er nee&&ary f"rt'er'ar+e& re("ire ban; infor*ation #"e to 'i+' e5po&"re) By 4a; Manila)T'e #elay in t'e proe&&in+ i& apparent to be "n#"e a& &'o!n fro* t'e franti &"e&&ie ("erie& ofA*e5o A*&ter#a* !'i' rea#&: 9SU/7,.-6) Car#*e*ber b"yin+ e!el&) ID &een) A#i&e 'o! lon+

!ill t'i& ta;e T'ey !ere &ent at 1/:77, 1/:7>, 1/:$1, 1/:$%, 1/:%- an# 1-:1., all ti*e& P'oeni5) ManilaA*e5o o"l# be "na!are of t'e nee# for &pee# in re&olin+ t'e 'ar+e p"r'a&e referre# to it, yet it &aton it& 'an#, "nonerne#)5 5 5To repeat, t'e Cre#it A"t'ori=ation Sy&te* 2CAS3 reor# on t'e A*&ter#a* tran&ation &'o!& 'o!

A*e5o Net'erlan#& ie!e# t'e #elay a& "n"&"ally fr"&tratin+) In &e("ene e5pre&&e# in P'oeni5 ti*efro* 1/:-1 !'en t'e 'ar+e p"r'a&e# !a& referre# for a"t'ori=ation, #efen#ant& o!n reor# &'o!&:

1/:-- t'e a"t'ori=ation i& referre# to Manila A*e5o1/:7- Net'erlan#& +ie& infor*ation t'at t'e i#entifiation of t'e ar#*e*ber 'a& been pre&ente# an#'e i& b"yin+ e!elrie& !ort' 9S U/7,.-6)1/:77 Net'erlan#& a&;& Ho! lon+ !ill t'i& ta;e1-:1. Net'erlan#& i& &till a&;in+ Ho! lon+ !ill t'i& ta;eT'e Co"rt i& onine# t'at #efen#ant& #elay on&tit"te& brea' of it& ontrat"al obli+ation to at on'i& "&e of t'e ar# abroa# !it' &peial 'an#lin+)-- 2Citation& o*itte#3555Not!it'&tan#in+ t'e pop"lar notion t'at re#it ar# p"r'a&e& are approe# !it'in &eon#&, t'erereally i& no &trit, le+ally #eter*inatie point of #e*aration on 'o! lon+ *"&t it ta;e for a re#it ar#

o*pany to approe or #i&approe a "&to*er& p"r'a&e, *"' le&& one &peifially ontrate# "ponby t'e partie&) Get t'i& i& one of t'o&e in&tane& !'en yo"# ;no! it !'en yo"# &ee it, an# one 'o"rappear& to be an a!f"lly lon+, patently "nrea&onable len+t' of ti*e to approe or #i&approe a re#itar# p"r'a&e) It i& l on+ eno"+' ti*e for t'e "&to*er to !al; to a ban; a ;ilo*eter a!ay, !it'#ra!*oney oer t'e o"nter, an# ret"rn to t'e &tore)Notably, petitioner fra*e& t'e obli+ation of re&pon#ent a& to approe or #i&approe t'e p"r'a&e inti*ely #i&pat', an# not to approe t'e p"r'a&e in&tantaneo"&ly or !it'in &eon#&) Certainly, 'a#re&pon#ent #i&approe# petitioner& p"r'a&e !it'in &eon#& or !it'in a ti*ely *anner, t'i& parti"laration !o"l# 'ae neer &een t'e li+'t of #ay) Petitioner an# 'i& fa*ily !o"l# 'ae ret"rne# to t'e b"&

!it'o"t #elay internally '"*iliate# per'ap& oer t'e reetion of 'i& ar# yet &pare# t'e &'a*e ofbein+ 'el# ao"ntable by ne!ly8*a#e frien#& for *a;in+ t'e* *i&& t'e 'ane to to"r t'e ity ofA*&ter#a*)e #o not !i&' #o #i&p"te t'at re&pon#ent 'a& t'e ri+'t, if not t'e obli+ation, to erify !'et'er t'e re#it

it i& e5ten#in+ "pon on a parti"lar p"r'a&e !a& in#ee# ontrate# by t'e ar#'ol#er, an# t'at t'ear#'ol#er i& !it'in 'i& *ean& to *a;e &"' tran&ation) T'e "lpable fail"re of re&pon#ent 'erein i& nott'e fail"re to ti*ely approe petitioner& p"r'a&e, b"t t'e *ore ele*ental fail"re to ti*ely at on t'e&a*e, !'et'er faorably or "nfaorably) Een a&&"*in+ t'at re&pon#ent& re#it a"t'ori=er& #i# not'ae &"ffiient ba&i& on 'an# to *a;e a "#+*ent, !e &ee no rea&on !'y re&pon#ent o"l# not 'aepro*ptly infor*e# petitioner t'e rea&on for t'e #elay, an# #"ly a#i&e# 'i* t'at re&olin+ t'e &a*eo"l# ta;e &o*e ti*e) In t'at !ay, petitioner !o"l# 'ae 'a# infor*e# ba&i& on !'et'er or not to p"r&"et'e tran&ation at Co&ter, +ien t'e atten#in+ ir"*&tane&) In&tea#, petitioner !a& left "no*fortably#an+lin+ in t'e 'illy a"t"*n !in#& in a forei+n lan# an# &oon fore# to onfront t'e !rat' of forei+n fol;)Moral #a*a+e& aail in a&e& of brea' of ontrat !'ere t'e #efen#ant ate# fra"#"lently or in ba#fait', an# t'e o"rt &'o"l# fin# t'at "n#er t'e ir"*&tane&, &"' #a*a+e& are #"e) T'e fin#in+& of t'etrial o"rt are a*ple i n e&tabli&'in+ t'e ba# fait' an# "n"&tifie# ne+let of re&pon#ent, attrib"table inparti"lar to t'e #illy8#allyin+ of re&pon#ent& Manila re#it a"t'ori=er, E#+ar#o 4a"ri("e)-7 rote t'etrial o"rt:'ile it i& tr"e t'at t'e Car#*e*ber&'ip A+ree*ent, !'i' #efen#ant prepare#, i& &ilent a& to t'ea*o"nt of ti*e it &'o"l# ta;e #efen#ant to +rant a"t'ori=ation for a 'ar+e p"r'a&e, #efen#anta;no!le#+e# t'at t'e nor*al ti*e for approal &'o"l# only be t'ree to fo"r &eon#&) Speially &o !it'ar#& "&e# abroa# !'i' re("ire& &peial 'an#lin+, *eanin+ !it' priority) Ot'er!i&e, t'e obet ofre#it or 'ar+e ar#& !o"l# be lo&t@ it !o"l# be &o inonenient to "&e t'at b"yer& an# on&"*er&

!o"l# be better off arryin+ b"n#le& of "rreny or traeller& 'e;&, !'i' an be #eliere# an#aepte# ("i;ly) S"' ri+'t !a& not aor#e# to plaintiff in t'e in&tane& o*plaine# off for rea&on&;no!n only to #efen#ant at t'at ti*e) T'i&, to t'e Co"rt& *in#, a*o"nt& to a !anton an# #eliberateref"&al to o*ply !it' it& ontrat"al obli+ation&, or at lea&t ab"&e of it& ri+'t&, "n#er t'e ontrat)-$

5 5 5T'e #elay o**itte# by #efen#ant !a& learly atten#e# by "n"&tifie# ne+let an# ba# fait', &ine italle+e& to 'ae on&"*e# *ore t'an one 'o"r to &i*ply +o oer plaintiff& pa&t re#it 'i&tory !it'#efen#ant, 'i& pay*ent reor# an# 'i& re#it an# ban; referene&, !'en all &"' #ata are alrea#y &tore#

an# rea#ily aailable fro* it& o*p"ter) T'i& Co"rt al&o ta;e& note of t'e fat t'at t'ere i& not'in+ in

18 | P a + e

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt20http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt20http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt21http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt21http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt22http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt22http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt23http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt23http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt24http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt20http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt21http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt22http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt23http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/may2009/gr_174269_2009.html#fnt24


19/30

plaintiff& billin+ 'i&tory t'at !o"l# !arrant t'e i*pr"#ent &"&pen&ion of ation by #efen#ant inproe&&in+ t'e p"r'a&e) Defen#ant& !itne&& 4a"ri("e a#*it&:) B"t #i# yo" #i&oer t'at 'e #i# not 'ae any o"t&tan#in+ ao"ntA) Not'in+ in arrear& at t'at ti*e)) Go" !ere !ell a!are of t'i& fat on t'i& ery #ateA) Ge&, &ir)Mr) 4a"ri("e f"rt'er te&tifie# t'at t'ere !ere no #elin("enie& in plaintiff& ao"nt)-%

It &'o"l# be e*p'a&i=e# t'at t'e rea&on !'y petitioner i& entitle# to #a*a+e& i& not &i*ply bea"&ere&pon#ent in"rre# #elay, b"t bea"&e t'e #elay, for !'i' "lpability lie& "n#er Artile //>1, le# to t'eparti"lar in"rie& "n#er Artile --/> of t'e Ciil Co#e for !'i' *oral #a*a+e& are

re*"neratie)-6 Moral #a*a+e& #o not aail to &oot'e t'e plaint& of t'e &i*ply i*patient, &o t'i& #ei&ion&'o"l# not be a"&e for relief for t'o&e !'o ti*e t'e len+t' of t'eir re#it ar# tran&ation& !it' a&top!at') T'e &o*e!'at "n"&"al atten#in+ ir"*&tane& to t'e p"r'a&e at Co&ter t'at t'ere !a& a#ea#line for t'e o*pletion of t'at p"r'a&e by petitioner before any #elay !o"l# re#o"n# to t'e in"ry of'i& &eeral traelin+ o*panion& +ae ri&e to t'e *oral &'o;, *ental an+"i&', &erio"& an5iety,

!o"n#e# feelin+& an# &oial '"*iliation &"&taine# by t'e petitioner, a& onl"#e# by t'e RTC)->T'o&eir"*&tane& are fairly "n"&"al, an# &'o"l# not +ie ri&e to a +eneral entitle*ent for #a*a+e& "n#er a*ore *"n#ane &et of fat&)e &"&tain t'e a*o"nt of *oral #a*a+e& a!ar#e# to petitioner by t'e RTC) T'ere i& no 'ar#8an#8fa&tr"le in #eter*inin+ !'at !o"l# be a fair an# rea&onable a*o"nt of *oral #a*a+e&, &ine ea' a&e*"&t be +oerne# by it& o!n pe"liar fat&, 'o!eer, it *"&t be o**en&"rate to t'e lo&& or in"ry&"ffere#)-. Petitioner& ori+inal prayer for P%,111,111)11 for *oral #a*a+e& i& e5e&&ie "n#er t'eir"*&tane&, an# t'e a*o"nt a!ar#e# by t'e trial o"rt of P%11,111)11 in *oral #a*a+e& *ore

&ee*ly)0avvphi0Li;e!i&e, !e #ee* e5e*plary #a*a+e& aailable "n#er t'e ir "*&tane&, an# t'e a*o"ntof P711,111)11 appropriate) T'ere i& &i*ilarly no a"&e t'o"+' to #i&t"rb t'e #eter*ine# a!ar#of P/11,111)11 a& attorney& fee&, an# P.%,-77)1/ a& e5pen&e& of liti+ation)HERE


20/30

?)R) No) /.1>6$ 4an"ary /0, -1/1TIT9S B) VILLAN9EVA, Petitioner,&)EMMA M) ROS9ETA, Re&pon#ent)D E C I S I O NABAD, J./T'i& a&e i& abo"t t'e ri+'t to reoer #a*a+e& for alle+e# ab"&e of ri+'t o**itte# by a &"perior p"blioffier in preentin+ a &"bor#inate fro* #oin+ 'er a&&i+ne# ta&; an# bein+ offiially reo+ni=e# for it)T'e in CA8?)R) CV .%07/ !it' MODI


21/30

EMILIO ?ANCAGCO,Petitioner,

8 er&"& 8

CITG ?OVERNMENT O< 9EON CITG ANDMETRO MANILADEVELOPMENT A9THORITG, Re&pon#ent&) 5888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888885

METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENT A9THORITG, Petitioner,

8er&"&8

49STICE EMILIO A) ?ANCAGCO 2Retire#3, Re&pon#ent, 5888888888888888888888888888888888888888885

?)R) No) />>.1>

?)R) No) />>077 Pre&ent: CORONA, C.J.,CARPIO,VELASCO, 4R),LEONARDO8DE CASTRO, BRION,PERALTA,BERSAMIN,K

DEL CASTILLO,K

ABAD,VILLARAMA, 4R),PERE,

MENDOA,SERENO,REGES, an#PERLAS8BERNABE, JJ. Pro*"l+ate#:

Otober //, -1//

5 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 88 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5

DECISION SERENO, J.:Before "& are on&oli#ate# Petition& for Reie! "n#er R"le $% of t'e R"le& of Co"rt a&&ailin+ t'eDei&ion/ pro*"l+ate# on /. 4"ly -116 an# t'e Re&ol"tion- #ate# /1 May -11> of t'e Co"rt of Appeal&in CA8?)R) SP No) .$6$.)T'e $6Epifanio #elo& Santo& Aen"e 2EDSA3,7 "e=on City !it' an area of 7>% &("are *eter& an# oere# byTran&fer Certifiate of Title 2TCT3 No) RT//$%%.)On -> Mar' /0%6, t'e "e=on City Co"nil i&&"e# Or#inane No) -01$, entitle# An Or#inaneRe("irin+ t'e Con&tr"tion of Ara#e&, for Co**erial B"il#in+& to be Con&tr"te# in one& De&i+nate#a& B"&ine&& one& in t'e onin+ Plan of "e=on City, an# Proi#in+ Penaltie& in Violation T'ereof)F$

An ara#e i& #efine# a& any portion of a b"il#in+ aboe t'e fir&t floor proetin+ oer t'e &i#e!al; beyon#t'e fir&t &torey !all "&e# a& protetion for pe#e&trian& a+ain&t rain or &"n)%

Or#inane No) -01$ re("ire# t'e releant property o!ner to on&tr"t an ara#e !it' a !i#t' of $)%1*eter& an# 'ei+'t of %)11 *eter& alon+ EDSA, fro* t'e nort' &i#e ofSantolan Roa# to one lotafter Liberty Aen"e, an# fro* one lot before Central Bo"lear# to t'e Botoan tran&*i&&ion line)At t'e o"t&et, it bear& e*p'a&i& t'at at t'e ti*e Or#inane No) -01$ !a& pa&&e# by t'e ity o"nil,t'ere !a& yet no b"il#in+ o#e pa&&e# by t'e national le+i&lat"re) T'"&, t'e re+"lation of t'e

on&tr"tion of b"il#in+& !a& left to t'e #i&retion of loal +oern*ent "nit&) 9n#er t'i& parti"laror#inane, t'e ity o"nil re("ire# t'at t'e ara#e i& to be reate# by on&tr"tin+ t'e !all of t'e+ro"n# floor fain+ t'e &i#e!al; a fe! *eter& a!ay fro* t'e property line) T'"&, t'e b"il#in+ o!ner i&not allo!e# to on&tr"t 'i& !all "p to t'e e#+e of t'e property line, t'ereby reatin+ a &pae or &'elter"n#er t'e fir&t floor) In effet, property o!ner& relin("i&' t'e "&e of t'e &pae for "&e a& an ara#e forpe#e&trian&, in&tea# of "&in+ it for t'eir o!n p"rpo&e&)T'e or#inane !a& a*en#e# &eeral ti*e&) On . A"+"&t /061, propertie& loate# at t'e "e=on City8San 4"an bo"n#ary !ere e5e*pte# by Or#inane No) 618$$>> fro* t'e on&tr"tion of ara#e&) T'i&or#inane !a& f"rt'er a*en#e# by Or#inane No) 618$%/7, e5ten#in+ t'e e5e*ption to o**erialb"il#in+& fro* Balete Street to Seattle Street) Or#inane No) 6617 #ate# / Mar' /066 *ean!'ilere#"e# t'e !i#t' of t'e ara#e& to t'ree *eter& for b"il#in+& alon+ V) L"na Roa#, CentralDi&trit, "e=on City)T'e or#inane oere# t'e property of 4"&tie ?anayo) S"b&e("ently, &o*eti*e in /06%, 4"&tie?anayo &o"+'t t'e e5e*ption of a t!o8&torey b"il#in+ bein+ on&tr"te# on 'i& property fro* t'eappliation of Or#inane No) -01$ t'at 'e be e5e*pte# fro* on&tr"tin+ an ara#e on 'i& property)On - /6/, S866, &"bet to t'e on#ition t'at "pon notie by t'e City En+ineer, t'e o!ner&'all, !it'in rea&onable ti*e, #e*oli&' t'e enlo&"re of &ai# ara#e at 'i& o!n e5pen&e !'en p"bliintere&t &o #e*an#&)F6

Dea#e& after, in Mar' -117, t'e Metropolitan Manila Deelop*ent A"t'ority 2MMDA3 on#"te#operation& to lear ob&tr"tion& alon+ t'e &i#e!al; of EDSA in "e=on City p"r&"ant to Metro ManilaCo"nil& 2MMC3 Re&ol"tion No) 1-8-., Serie& of -11-)> T'e re&ol"tion a"t'ori=e# t'e MMDA an# loal+oern*ent "nit& to lear t'e &i#e!al;&, &treet&, aen"e&, alley&, bri#+e&, par;& an# ot'er p"bli plae&in Metro Manila of all ille+al &tr"t"re& an# ob&tr"tion&)F.

On -. April -117, t'e MMDA &ent a notie of #e*olition to 4"&tie ?anayo alle+in+ t'at a portion of'i& b"il#in+ iolate# t'e National B"il#in+ Co#e of t'e P'ilippine&2B"il#in+ Co#e30 in relation toOr#inane No) -01$) T'e MMDA +ae 4"&tie ?anayo fifteen 2/%3 #ay& to lear t'e portion of t'e

b"il#in+ t'at !a& &"ppo&e# to be an ara#e alon+ EDSA)/1

21 | P a + e

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn10http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn11http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn11http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn10http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn11http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2011/october2011/177807.htm#_ftn12


22/30

4"&tie ?anayo #i# not o*ply !it' t'e notie) Soon after t'e lap&e of t'e fifteen 2/%3 #ay&, t'e MMDAproee#e# to #e*oli&' t'e party !all, or !'at !a& referre# to a& t'e !in+ !all&,F of t'e +ro"n# floor&tr"t"re) T'e reor#& of t'e pre&ent a&e are not entirely lear on t'e e5tent of t'e #e*olition@neert'ele&&, t'e fat of #e*olition !a& not #i&p"te#) At t'e ti*e of t'e #e*olition, t'e affete# portionof t'e b"il#in+ !a& bein+ "&e# a& a re&ta"rant)On -0 May -117, 4"&tie ?anayo file# a Petition // !it' prayer for a te*porary re&trainin+ or#er an#Qor

!rit of preli*inary in"ntion before t'e Re+ional Trial Co"rt 2RTC3 of "e=on City, #o;ete# a& CiilCa&e No) 178$0607, &ee;in+ to pro'ibit t'e MMDA an# t'e City ?oern*ent of "e=on City fro*#e*oli&'in+ 'i& property) In 'i& Petition,/- 'e alle+e# t'at t'e or#inane a"t'ori=e# t'e ta;in+ of priateproperty !it'o"t #"e proe&& of la! an# "&t o*pen&ation, bea"&e t'e on&tr"tion of an ara#e !ill

re("ire 6>)% &("are *eter& fro* t'e 7>% &("are *eter property) In a##ition, 'e lai*e# t'at t'eor#inane !a& &eletie an# #i&ri*inatory in it& &ope an# appliation !'en it allo!e# t'e o!ner& oft'e b"il#in+& loate# in t'e "e=on City8San 4"an bo"n#ary to C"bao Roton#a, an# Balete to SeattleStreet& to on&tr"t ara#e& at t'eir option) He t'"& &o"+'t t'e #elaration of n"llity of Or#inane No)-01$ an# t'e pay*ent of #a*a+e&) Alternately, 'e praye# for t'e pay*ent of "&t o*pen&ation &'o"l#t'e o"rt 'ol# t'e or#inane ali#)T'e City ?oern*ent of "e=on City lai*e# t'at t'e or#inane !a& a ali # e5eri&e of polie po!er,re+"latin+ t'e "&e of property in a b"&ine&& =one) In a##ition, it pointe# o"t t'at 4"&tie ?anayo !a&alrea#y barre# by e&toppel, la'e& an# pre&ription)Si*ilarly, t'e MMDA alle+e# t'at 4"&tie ?anayo o"l# not &ee; t'e n"llifiation of an or#inane t'at'e 'a# alrea#y iolate#, an# t'at t'e or#inane enoye# t'e pre&"*ption of on&tit"tionality) It f"rt'er&tate# t'at t'e ("e&tione# property !a& a p"bli n"i&ane i*pe#in+ t'e &afe pa&&a+e of pe#e&trian&)

Neert'ele&&, t'e CA 'el# t'at t'e MMDA !ent beyon# it& po!er& !'en it #e*oli&'e# t'e &"betproperty) It f"rt'er fo"n# t'at Re&ol"tion No) 1-8-. only refer& to &i#e!al;&, &treet&, aen"e&, alley&,bri#+e&, par;& an# ot'er p"bli plae& in Metro Manila, t'"& e5l"#in+ 4"&tie ?anayo& priateproperty) La&tly, t'e CA &tate# t'at t'e MMDA i& not lot'e# !it' t'e a"t'ority to #elare, preent orabate n"i&ane&) T'"&, t'e #i&po&itie portion &tate#:HERE


23/30

Reently, in *ritish 'merican )obacco v. Camacho,-- !e li;e!i&e 'el#:e fin# t'at petitioner !a& not +"ilty of e&toppel) 'en it *a#e t'e "n#erta;in+ to o*ply !it' alli&&"ane& of t'e BIR, !'i' at t'at ti*e it on&i#ere# a& ali#, petitioner #i# not o**it any fal&e*i&repre&entation or *i&lea#in+ at) In#ee#, petitioner annot be fa"lte# for initially "n#erta;in+ too*ply !it', an# &"betin+ it&elf to t'e operation of Setion /$%2C3, an# only later on filin+ t'e &"beta&e prayin+ for t'e #elaration of it& "non&tit"tionality !'en t'e ir"*&tane& 'an+e an# t'e la!re&"lt& in !'at it pereie& to be "nla!f"l #i&ri*ination) T'e *ere fat t'at a la! 'a& been relie# "ponin t'e pa&t an# all t'at ti*e 'a& not been atta;e# a& "non&tit"tional i& not a +ro"n# for on&i#erin+petitioner e&toppe# fro* a&&ail

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