Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
This project is implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE programme co-financed by the ERDF
www.plastice.org
Project presentation Andrej Kržan
Laboratory for Polymer Chemistry and Technology National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
PLASTiCE project focus
Innovative value chain development for sustainable plastics in Central Europe
Plastics use growing
>> environmental pressures
Solution: more sustainable use and
materials (bioplastics)
CE: science good but little use
2
Objectives
Not a research Project!
• Raising awareness among target groups regarding biodegradable plastics
• Improving technology transfer and knowledge exchange mechanisms in biodegradable end-user industries
• Improving access to scientific knowledge, use of already existing knowledge adapted to requirements of biodegradable polymer and plastic value chain
• Intesifying application-oriented cooperation between research and industry.
3
Expected results
• National information points
• For providing unbiased and scientifically supported information about sustainable plastics to consumers and industrial users
• Information Toolkit
• Certification portal for compostable plastics
• Developed in Slovenia and Slovakia
• Roadmap
• For research and commercialization of bioplastics with a view on market expectations
4
How to achieve this?
• Support and involvement of the complete value chain (production, processing, industrial use, consumer, waste management)
• Joining strong centers of knowledge in bio-polymer materials
5
PLASTiCE partners
6
13 partners from four countries (Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, Italy)
Value Chain
7
Today’s emphasis
• Case studies intended to learn general lessons to be shared
• Certification portals
• National information points and National focal points to provide an information/contact point
• Dissemination
• Conclusions
8
Case studies
WP3: Developing a roadmap for action – from science to innovation in the value chain
- Marek Kowalczuk, WP leader
- Luk Palmen, consultant
Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Zabrze, Poland
The plan involves carrying out case studies. Experiences gained in case studies will be used in the preparation of the Roadmap for action (“transnational R&D scheme”)
9
• UV masterbatch
• proprietary dyes
• Used to produce film/bags
Case study 1a
10
Testing of markers for easy identification of
biodegradable plastics
in the waste stream Film with 1% additive
Masterbatch
• Time dependence of
fluorescence
Case study 1a
11
Testing of markers for easy identification of
biodegradable plastics
in the waste stream
Time after exposure
G-P2 B-P2 G-P1
0 min
4 min
8 min
• Simulated detection in waste
(under source of UV light)
Case study 1a
12
Testing of markers for easy identification of
biodegradable plastics
in the waste stream
• Printing (not Masterbatch)
• IR dye (commercial pigment)
• Flexography (laboratory scale)
• PE and PLA
– difficult printing due to adhesion problems
– possible but more expensive (dye)
13
Case study 1b
Testing of markers for easy identification of
biodegradable plastics in the waste stream
Case study 1b
14
Visible spectrum IR spectrum
Testing of markers for easy identification of
biodegradable plastics in the waste stream
• UV dye printing
• Ecovio, Prismabio
• printing should be no more than
48 hours after extrusion
• film slip was issue
• commercial marker
• Ready implementation and detection
15
Case study 1c
Testing of markers for easy identification of
biodegradable plastics in the waste stream
Why sustainable materials?
• Single use/disposable products Waste!
• Market demand Products should be made from biodegradable materials
Case study 3 Use of bioedegradable plastics in hygiene,
sanitary and auxiliary medical products
17
Possible applications of bioplastics
• Tampon applicators
• Blisters
• Tweezers
• Sticks for cotton tops
• Pet care products
Case study 3
Use of bioedegradable plastics in hygiene,
sanitary and auxiliary medical products
Tampon applicator - number of materials tested / not yet finished - flexibility / postcrystallization
PE applicator PHA applicator
Case study 3
Use of bioedegradable plastics in hygiene,
sanitary and auxiliary medical products
Tweezers / Sterilization
- Water-steam sterilization
- Problems:
- loss of elasticity - fragile
- reduction of size
- torsion, closing of tweezers
Case study 3
Use of bioedegradable plastics in hygiene,
sanitary and auxiliary medical products
Conclusions
• Materials are hard to find
• Processing requires some adjustments
• Product requirements, e.g. sterilization,
waterpermeability, contact with human body
• MARKET DEMAND!
Result: applicator prototype
Case study 3
Use of bioedegradable plastics in hygiene,
sanitary and auxiliary medical products
Biodegradable plastic drinking straws
• Offer the same convenience as the classic drinking straws
• No downside of the plastic waste issue
• Food contact!
Classic drinking straw
PLA-blend straw Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Straws_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg
Case study 6a
Use of bioedegradable plastics in
food contact disposable products
PEPIplast /PLASTiCE biodegradable straws
Use of bioedegradable plastics in
food contact disposable products
Case study 6a
Lessons learned • Processing adjustments: temperature, pressure,
screw rotation, production speed
• Production of straws from biodegradable plastics is already established elsewhere so Novamont could offer us the right material
• With experienced personnel, quality equipment and with a material intended for tested product implementing bioplastics (biodegradable plastics) is fast and simple!
(Opposite of CS 3: No material for the exact use)
Case study 6a
Use of bioedegradable plastics in
food contact disposable products
Food contact testing total migration
VISUAL INSPECTION
• PLA at used migration
conditions no visual changes were detected
• Thermoplastic starch
– Bags
– Laminated cup ~
– Foil ~
OVERALL MIGRATION
• PLA overall migrations from
all samples into all simulants after first and third cycle are below level of detection
• Thermoplastic starch: – Laminated cup: 1 cycle
– Bags: , although they are
not intended for FC
– Foil:first cycle exceeds limits, third cycle
prewashed – lower overall migration, still exceeds the limit
Image source: http://www.vanderstahl.com/medical_pouch_sealers2/viu-visual-inspection-unit-old/
twines for agriculture from biodegradable plastics (2012…..???)
hemp fibres (beginning of XX century)
sisal yarns (1950-s)
polypropylene twines and strapping bands
(from 1970-s)
Case study 6b
Use of bioedegradable plastics in
agricultural products
Production of twine
spinning
500-700 kg
extrusion Film Oven
drawing
extruder
Case study 6b
Use of bioedegradable plastics in
agricultural products
biodegradation in soil
appropriate mechanical properties
comparative price with polyolefins
Main parameters in selection of biodegradable polymers for their use in twine production
Polymer selection
Case study 6b
Use of bioedegradable plastics in
agricultural products
28
Mechanical properties of the thread were in the range expected for the twine application!
Twine
- Number of materials tested - Suitable Bionolle film produced at lab-scale was drawn and twisted to obtain a thread.
Case study 6b
Use of bioedegradable plastics in
agricultural products
Open issues • low drawing ratio of film • cost of starting material for scaling up production trials (500-700 Kg requested) • availability of results from standardized tests of biodegradation in soil
Case study 6b
Use of bioedegradable plastics in
agricultural products
LCA of Mercator carrier bags
• 3 types of carrier bags:
• LDPE plastic bag: produced in Slovenia (Plasta d.o.o, …)
• PP plastic bag: produced in Vietnam, supplied by Vicbag S.A.S.
• Biodegradable Mater-Bi bag: produced in Slovenia (Plasta d.o.o.)
Case study 2b
The goal and the scope of the study
• 3 plastic grocery bags (LDPE as basic bag)
• LCA methodology – from CRADLE to GRAVE
• Environmental impact - environmental indicators
• Life cycle of bags – basic scenarios
• Variations in the end of life phase (waste management)
31
Target audience:
• Bags producers
• Customers
• Waste management companies
• Policy
Case study 2b
Limitations and boundary conditions
32 Simple scheme of LCA model
• Production materials
• TiO2, inks & dies
• Storehouse activity
• Transport:
store - customers
• Industrial power plants
• Auxiliary materials
• Human labor
• Auxiliary activities
Cut of criteria:
Process / Materials
Case study 2b
Numerical model example PP-Life base case
33
Case study 2b
Results: Mass equality - 20 g
• Theoretical approach;
• Equality / Competitiveness of Mater-BI bag!
Opportunity
• Implementation of agricultural composting credits!
• 34 % of overall burden (GWP) comes from industry composting
Case study 2b
35
Case study 2a
Systemic approach for sustainable production for bioplastics Composting
Systemic approach for sustainable production
and use of bioplastics - Composting
Case study 2a
36
Systemic approach for sustainable production
and use of bioplastics - Composting
New case study
37
Industrial composting test
• To demonstrate and document compostable plastics behaviour and influence in real industrial composting (windrow, enclosed)
• Interest of composting operator
• To be finished by Sept 2014.
Certification portals
Support for certification as only guarantee for clients and consumers
Starting point: Polish experinece
• COBRO – DIN Certco - need implementation
• Paperwork and contact locally and in local language
Implemented
• Slovenia: Slopak
• Slovakia: Polymer Institute Slovak Academy of Sciences
Currently ongoing test of portal
38
National info points National focal points
Intention: establish and provide content for information points in participating countries (local language)
• Content not complete
• Easy replication (web-based, translation) – need for local ownership (key role S. Miertus, ICARST)
– established R, SRB, H, INDO, TR
– contacts A, CRO, BG, TR, EG, UK, IND,
• Entry portal (Aster, I) connected to locally hosted sites
• Platform for future applications
www.sustainableplastics.eu
39
40
Dissemination
- Free information pushed at very occassion
- Contact any target group that can be reached
• Events: seminars, workshops, conferences NGO, industry, teachers, R&D, debate, film premiere
• Video content on Youtube – great un-ending success
• 3 + 1 conferences
September 23-24, 2014 (Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia)
Linked with Polymer Technology College, summers school on biopolymers (Montainuniversitat, Leoben)
Agreement with European Bioplastics to offer one-off discount for companies to become members
41
Conclusions
Format: non-research project
• Reserch/expertise available - need implementation
• Unbiased – no need to implement own research product
• Difficult to embrace in research institutions
• Administratively demanding (worse than FP)
Results
• Considerable interest/activity can be raised
• 160 companies, 20 events ...
• Dissemination tools work
• Did not overcome science/application disconnect in CE
42
Thank you for your attention!
Have ideas or questions?
Contact us
More information: www.plastice.org
www.sustainableplastics.eu
43
