Andrew Diehl The Pennsylvania State University Architectural Engineering Department Structural Option 5 th Year Senior Thesis Project “The Comparison of

Andrew DiehlAndrew Diehl

The Pennsylvania State UniversityThe Pennsylvania State UniversityArchitectural Engineering DepartmentArchitectural Engineering Department

Structural OptionStructural Option55thth Year Senior Thesis Project Year Senior Thesis Project

““The Comparison of a Pan Joist The Comparison of a Pan Joist Concrete System to a Steel Frame Concrete System to a Steel Frame System in UMCP Student Housing – System in UMCP Student Housing –

Building B”Building B”

OutlineOutline

Existing BuildingExisting Building Design CriteriaDesign Criteria Pan Joist Concrete SystemPan Joist Concrete System Steel Frame SystemSteel Frame System Cost ComparisonCost Comparison Construction ManagementConstruction Management ArchitectureArchitecture ConclusionConclusion

Andrew Diehl 5th Year AE Senior Thesis

Structural Option The Pennsylvania State University

UMCP Student Housing – UMCP Student Housing – Building BBuilding B



Project Design TeamProject Design Team

Owner – Collegiate Housing FoundationOwner – Collegiate Housing Foundation Architect – Design Collective, Inc.Architect – Design Collective, Inc. Construction Manager – Whiting-Turner ContractingConstruction Manager – Whiting-Turner Contracting Structural Engineer – Hope Furrer Associates, Inc.Structural Engineer – Hope Furrer Associates, Inc. Civil Engineer – A. Morton Thomas & AssociatesCivil Engineer – A. Morton Thomas & Associates MEP Engineer – Burdette, Koehler, Murphy & AssociatesMEP Engineer – Burdette, Koehler, Murphy & Associates Geotechnical Engineer – Froehling & Robertson, Inc.Geotechnical Engineer – Froehling & Robertson, Inc. Landscape Architect – Mahan Rykiel Associates, Inc.Landscape Architect – Mahan Rykiel Associates, Inc.



LocationLocation

The University of The University of MarylandMaryland

College Park, College Park, MarylandMaryland

Easy access to the big Easy access to the big cities (Baltimore and cities (Baltimore and Washington, DC)Washington, DC)

South Campus South Campus CommonsCommons



Existing BuildingExisting Building

Building StatsBuilding Stats 5 stories5 stories 77,445 square feet77,445 square feet Dormitory - R-2 classification (BOCA 1999)Dormitory - R-2 classification (BOCA 1999) 2-4 Bedroom Fully-Furnished Apartments2-4 Bedroom Fully-Furnished Apartments Lobby and Student LoungesLobby and Student Lounges Designed using BOCA 1996Designed using BOCA 1996



Existing Building, cont’dExisting Building, cont’d

ArchitectureArchitecture Facade – combination Facade – combination

of brick and pre-cast of brick and pre-cast claddingcladding

Roof – hipped roof that Roof – hipped roof that conceals mechanical conceals mechanical systemsystem

Cavity wall Cavity wall constructionconstruction




Mechanical SystemMechanical System Multi-zone systemMulti-zone system 2 – 4500 cfm Centrifugal Rooftop Chillers2 – 4500 cfm Centrifugal Rooftop Chillers 3 – Split System Air Conditioning Units3 – Split System Air Conditioning Units Electric Heating Units Electric Heating Units

Electrical/Lighting SystemElectrical/Lighting System 16 panel boards16 panel boards 3 phase 120V / 208V power3 phase 120V / 208V power Fluorescent LightingFluorescent Lighting




Construction ManagementConstruction Management Project Cost - ~$52 million (includes 4 other Project Cost - ~$52 million (includes 4 other

buildings)buildings) Duration – November 2000 to August 2002Duration – November 2000 to August 2002 Design-Build delivery systemDesign-Build delivery system Demolition was required of previous buildingDemolition was required of previous building Utility and transportation service could not be Utility and transportation service could not be

disrupteddisrupted



Existing Structural SystemExisting Structural System

Gravity SystemGravity System Hambro composite open web steel joistsHambro composite open web steel joists Light gauge metal load-bearing exterior wallsLight gauge metal load-bearing exterior walls Tube steel columns (span to 3Tube steel columns (span to 3rdrd floor) floor) Pre-fabricated wood trussesPre-fabricated wood trusses Wood load-bearing walls in the 5Wood load-bearing walls in the 5thth floor floor 8” reinf. CMU retaining wall with strip and spread 8” reinf. CMU retaining wall with strip and spread

footingsfootings

Lateral SystemLateral System X-braced light gauge metal stud shear wallsX-braced light gauge metal stud shear walls



Existing Structural SystemExisting Structural System

Hambro Composite JoistsHambro Composite Joists



Design CriteriaDesign Criteria

Keep floor-to-floor height the same (9’-10”)Keep floor-to-floor height the same (9’-10”) Minimize structural impact in floor planMinimize structural impact in floor plan Open up the ceiling plenumOpen up the ceiling plenum Minimize cost impactMinimize cost impact



Pan Joist ConcretePan Joist Concrete

Design DecisionsDesign Decisions 40” pans40” pans 4 ksi normal weight concrete4 ksi normal weight concrete Grade 60 reinforcementGrade 60 reinforcement Slab thickness is 5” (fireproofing)Slab thickness is 5” (fireproofing)



Pan Joist Concrete, cont’dPan Joist Concrete, cont’d

Slab DesignSlab Design 5” thick5” thick Flexural Reinforcement = #3s Flexural Reinforcement = #3s

@ 5”@ 5” S&T Reinforcement = #3s @ 5”S&T Reinforcement = #3s @ 5”




Joist DesignJoist Design 4’ modules4’ modules 8” x 7” joists8” x 7” joists

SpansSpans Top Reinf.Top Reinf. Bottom Bottom Reinf.Reinf. Shear Reinf.Shear Reinf.

10’ & 11’10’ & 11’ 2 #4s2 #4s 2 #4s2 #4s #3s @ 5”#3s @ 5”

15’ & 11’15’ & 11’ 2 #5s2 #5s 2 #4s2 #4s #3s @ 5”#3s @ 5”

12’ & 11’4”12’ & 11’4” 2 #5s2 #5s 2 #4s2 #4s #3s @ 5”#3s @ 5”

16’ & 11’16’ & 11’ 2 #6s2 #6s 2 #5s2 #5s #3s @ 5”#3s @ 5”




Girder DesignGirder Design

SpanSpan Top Reinf.Top Reinf. Bottom Reinf.Bottom Reinf.

24’8” & 12’4”24’8” & 12’4” 4 #9s & 2 #7s4 #9s & 2 #7s 3 #8s & 1 #83 #8s & 1 #8

10’1” & 12’4”10’1” & 12’4” 2 #7s & 3 #8s2 #7s & 3 #8s 1 #8 & 2 #8s1 #8 & 2 #8s

25’1” & 12’4”25’1” & 12’4” 4 #8s & 2 #8s4 #8s & 2 #8s 2 #9s & 1 #82 #9s & 1 #8

16’ & 12’4”16’ & 12’4” 3 #7s & 3 #7s3 #7s & 3 #7s 1 #9 & 1 #81 #9 & 1 #8

17’ & 12’4”17’ & 12’4” 3 #7s & 2 #8s3 #7s & 2 #8s 1 #9 & 1 #81 #9 & 1 #8

16’ & 12’4”16’ & 12’4” 2 #9s & 1 #82 #9s & 1 #8 1 #9 & 1 #61 #9 & 1 #6

17’ & 12’4”17’ & 12’4” 2 #8s & 1 #82 #8s & 1 #8 1 #8 & 1 #81 #8 & 1 #8




Girder Design, cont’dGirder Design, cont’d Formed from 40” pansFormed from 40” pans 12”x15” and 12”x18” girders12”x15” and 12”x18” girders

Column DesignColumn Design Bi-axial columns – 14”x14” with 8 #6sBi-axial columns – 14”x14” with 8 #6s Uni-axial columns – 12”x12” with 4 #6sUni-axial columns – 12”x12” with 4 #6s




Bar Cut-offsBar Cut-offs

Negative Negative ReinforcementReinforcement

Positive ReinforcementPositive Reinforcement




11stst Floor Framing Floor Framing PlanPlan




RecommendationRecommendation System did not meet design requirementsSystem did not meet design requirements Column interferenceColumn interference Increase size of ceiling plenumIncrease size of ceiling plenum Additional cost ~$1.3 millionAdditional cost ~$1.3 million

Pan Joist ConcretePan Joist Concreteis not viableis not viable



Steel FrameSteel Frame

Design DecisionsDesign Decisions Grade 50 steelGrade 50 steel United Steel Deck United Steel Deck

ManufacturerManufacturer Bolted ConnectionsBolted Connections



Steel Frame, cont’dSteel Frame, cont’d

Slab DesignSlab Design United Steel Deck ManualUnited Steel Deck Manual 18 gage UF2X Form Deck18 gage UF2X Form Deck 4 ½” concrete slab with 44 – W4.0x4.0 weld wire 4 ½” concrete slab with 44 – W4.0x4.0 weld wire

fabricfabric




Beam and Column DesignBeam and Column Design 1.2D + 1.6L1.2D + 1.6L Meet AISC design requirementsMeet AISC design requirements

Beam Design ChartsBeam Design Charts Column Design ChartsColumn Design Charts

W-shapesW-shapes




Beam and Column Design, cont’dBeam and Column Design, cont’d




11stst Floor Framing Floor Framing PlanPlan




Bolted ConnectionBolted Connection 6”x8”x1/8” A36 steel 6”x8”x1/8” A36 steel

angleangle 2 bolts2 bolts




RecommendationRecommendation System did not meet design requirementsSystem did not meet design requirements Column interferenceColumn interference Increase size of ceiling plenumIncrease size of ceiling plenum Additional cost ~$600,000Additional cost ~$600,000

Steel Frame Steel Frame is not viableis not viable



Cost ComparisonCost Comparison

Cost ComparisonCost Comparison Based from R.S. Based from R.S.

MeansMeans

Structural Structural SystemSystem Cost ($)Cost ($)

Cost Cost Difference Difference

($)($)

ExistingExisting 501,380501,380 ------

Pan Joist Pan Joist ConcreteConcrete 1,797,1001,797,100 +1,295,720+1,295,720

Steel FrameSteel Frame 1,058,9031,058,903 +557,523+557,523



Construction ManagementConstruction Management

Site LayoutSite Layout Easy flow around the Easy flow around the

building for trades and building for trades and deliveriesdeliveries

Easy access to the lay-Easy access to the lay-down areadown area

Steel deliveries can be Steel deliveries can be picked off truck and put picked off truck and put into placeinto place

Temporary power is Temporary power is accessible under the siteaccessible under the site



Construction Management, Construction Management, cont’dcont’d

Site Layout, cont’dSite Layout, cont’d




Formwork DesignFormwork Design Column forms are ½” plywood forms with 2x4 Column forms are ½” plywood forms with 2x4

studs and walesstuds and wales Stud spacing is 12” O.C.Stud spacing is 12” O.C. Wale spacing is 18” O.C.Wale spacing is 18” O.C. Column forms can be reusedColumn forms can be reused Joist and Girder forms are standard 40” pansJoist and Girder forms are standard 40” pans 40” pan forms will remain in place40” pan forms will remain in place




Formwork Design, cont’dFormwork Design, cont’d



ArchitectureArchitecture

Facade DesignFacade Design Accent the structural designAccent the structural design Visually stimulatingVisually stimulating Done by visual breaks in the facadeDone by visual breaks in the facade At column locationsAt column locations White colored bricksWhite colored bricks Disadvantages – increase in labor costsDisadvantages – increase in labor costs



Architecture, cont’dArchitecture, cont’d

Facade Design, Facade Design, cont’dcont’d



Architecture, cont’dArchitecture, cont’d

Interior Exposure of StructureInterior Exposure of Structure Visually stimulatingVisually stimulating Not usually seen in buildingsNot usually seen in buildings See mechanical and electrical systemsSee mechanical and electrical systems Not done in dwelling areasNot done in dwelling areas Only can be done in 2 rooms in building (lobby Only can be done in 2 rooms in building (lobby

and and lounge)lounge) Disadvantages – increase costs in mechanical and Disadvantages – increase costs in mechanical and

electrical laborelectrical labor



ConclusionsConclusions

Both designs did not meet design Both designs did not meet design requirementsrequirements

Column interferenceColumn interference Ceiling needs to be loweredCeiling needs to be lowered Costs the owner significant amount of moneyCosts the owner significant amount of money

Hambro Composite JoistsHambro Composite Joists

is viableis viable



Thank YouThank You

Scott Stewart, PE (Hope Furrer Associates, Scott Stewart, PE (Hope Furrer Associates, Inc.)Inc.)

Design Collective, Inc.Design Collective, Inc. Dr. Thomas BoothbyDr. Thomas Boothby FriendsFriends FamilyFamily



QuestionsQuestions



FoundationsFoundations

Pan Joist Concrete SystemPan Joist Concrete System More Dead LoadMore Dead Load Must watch punching shear at columnsMust watch punching shear at columns Increase in size and thickness of footingsIncrease in size and thickness of footings

Steel Frame SystemSteel Frame System Slight increase in Dead LoadSlight increase in Dead Load Must watch punching shear at columnsMust watch punching shear at columns Slight increase in size and thicknessSlight increase in size and thickness



Structural SchedulingStructural Scheduling

Pan Joist Concrete SystemPan Joist Concrete System Set-up and stripping of formworkSet-up and stripping of formwork Pouring and curing of concretePouring and curing of concrete Laying of reinforcement cageLaying of reinforcement cage ~ 1 month added to schedule~ 1 month added to schedule

Steel Frame SystemSteel Frame System Erection of membersErection of members Connection DetailingConnection Detailing ~ 2-3 weeks added to schedule~ 2-3 weeks added to schedule



Documents

Andrew Diehl The Pennsylvania State University Architectural Engineering Department Structural Option 5 th Year Senior Thesis Project “The Comparison of