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Dr. DHIREN B. BHOIAT. VARDHARITA. LUNAWADA DIS. PANCHMAHALGUJARAT (INDIA)MOB.NO.-+91-9925253536
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Animal Reproduction
Conditions for Fertilization
Anatomy of Male & Female must be Anatomy of Male & Female must be compatiblecompatible
Female must be in HeatFemale must be in Heat Egg must be matureEgg must be mature
What is the function of the Male?
produce large numbers of live sex produce large numbers of live sex cells/gametescells/gametes
(spermatozoa)(spermatozoa) contribute 1/2 chromosomescontribute 1/2 chromosomes
What are the Male Reproductive Organs?
TesticlesTesticles - produce spermatozoa & male hormone - produce spermatozoa & male hormone TestosteroneTestosterone
ScrotomScrotom - sack which carries testicles - sack which carries testicles– functions as a heat regulatorfunctions as a heat regulator
MonorchidMonorchid - one fertile testicle - one fertile testicle CryptorchidCryptorchid - both testes remain in body cavity (sterile) - both testes remain in body cavity (sterile) CastrationCastration - removal of testicles - removal of testicles
– lack sex drive (libido)lack sex drive (libido)
– gain weight quickergain weight quicker
What are the Male Reproductive Organs?
EpididymisEpididymis - tube connects to testes - tube connects to testes– storage of spermatozoa (200 billion at a time)storage of spermatozoa (200 billion at a time)– spermatozoa mature as they migrate throughspermatozoa mature as they migrate through
Vas DeferensVas Deferens - tube connects to - tube connects to epididymusepididymus– if removed, can't reproduce = vasectomyif removed, can't reproduce = vasectomy
What are the Male Reproductive Organs?
UrethraUrethra - begins at bladder and continues - begins at bladder and continues through penisthrough penis
Sigmoid FlexureSigmoid Flexure - "S" shape in urethra - "S" shape in urethra allows for extension of penis outside of allows for extension of penis outside of body for reproductionbody for reproduction
Male Accessory Sex Glands
ProstateProstate 2 Seminal Vesicles2 Seminal Vesicles 2 Cowper’s glands2 Cowper’s glands
What is the function of the Accessory Sex Glands?
provide medium for transporting spermprovide medium for transporting sperm adds volumeadds volume provides nutrientsprovides nutrients cleans & flushes urinary tractcleans & flushes urinary tract
Artificial Insemination
•Required Equipment
•A.I. Rod
•Semen Straw
•Lube
•Genetic Diversity
•Select the bulls you want to use based on EPDs
•Compared to Natural Mating
Artificial Insemination vs.. Natural Mating
ProsPros
- More Genetic Diversity
- Don’t Have To Maintain A Bull
- More Controlled Breeding Season
- More Cost Effective
- More Hygienic
- Easier To Determine Calving Date
ConsCons
- More Equipment Required
- Heat Watch Required
- Experienced A.I. Technician
- More Labor Intensive
- More Time Consuming
Take out a Piece of Paper
QuizQuiz– 1. What are the main structures of the Male Reproductive Tract?1. What are the main structures of the Male Reproductive Tract?
» List at least 4List at least 4
– 2. What are the advantages of Artificial Insemination?2. What are the advantages of Artificial Insemination?
» List at least 3List at least 3
What is the function of the female?
contribute 1/2 chromosomescontribute 1/2 chromosomes care for young in uterus and after birth until care for young in uterus and after birth until
weaningweaning
What are the Female Reproductive Organs?
VulvaVulva - exterior portion of reproductive - exterior portion of reproductive tracttract– provides visual signs of heatprovides visual signs of heat
VaginaVagina - between vulva & cervix - between vulva & cervix– Cows & Ewes: semen is deposited hereCows & Ewes: semen is deposited here– Mares & Sows: semen is deposited in the Mares & Sows: semen is deposited in the
cervixcervix
What are the Female Reproductive Organs?
CervixCervix - "Mouth of the womb" - "Mouth of the womb"– opening into uterusopening into uterus– at birth cervix stretches to allow baby to passat birth cervix stretches to allow baby to pass– during pregnancy cervix becomes blocked with during pregnancy cervix becomes blocked with
a mucous plug to prevent infectiona mucous plug to prevent infection
What are the Female Reproductive Organs?
Uterine HornsUterine Horns - two branches of uterus- two branches of uterus Fallopian TubeFallopian Tube - uterine horn becomes a - uterine horn becomes a
small tubesmall tube– Site of fertilizationSite of fertilization– lined with cilia which aid in egg migrationlined with cilia which aid in egg migration
Ovaries
located at end of fallopian tubeslocated at end of fallopian tubes possesses large number of eggs in all stages of possesses large number of eggs in all stages of
developmentdevelopment this is all the eggs she will ever have, unlike the this is all the eggs she will ever have, unlike the
malemale very few eggs reach maturityvery few eggs reach maturity if not fertilized, the egg is reabsorbed by the bodyif not fertilized, the egg is reabsorbed by the body
Reproduction in Males
After sexual maturity, sperm production is After sexual maturity, sperm production is continuouscontinuous
TestosteroneTestosterone is responsible for: is responsible for:– growth, development & activity of accessory growth, development & activity of accessory
glandsglands– survival of spermatozoasurvival of spermatozoa– secondary sex characteristics:male voice, sex secondary sex characteristics:male voice, sex
drivedrive
Reproduction in Males
SemenSemen - collective term for all fluid - collective term for all fluid ejaculatedejaculated
sperm and fluid from accessory glandssperm and fluid from accessory glands
Reproduction in Females
Farm animals reach sexual maturity at 4 Farm animals reach sexual maturity at 4 months (sow) to 24 months (mare), thenmonths (sow) to 24 months (mare), then
Female comes in heat (estrus)Female comes in heat (estrus) Egg released by ovaryEgg released by ovary Egg travels down tube until fertilized by Egg travels down tube until fertilized by
spermsperm EstrogenEstrogen - female hormone which regulates - female hormone which regulates
estrusestrus
What does "in heat" mean?
Heat is the time when a female is receptive Heat is the time when a female is receptive to the male and will allow breeding to take to the male and will allow breeding to take placeplace
Heat is actually divided into 4 phases of the Heat is actually divided into 4 phases of the cycle.cycle.
Estrous Cycle:
Proestrus:Proestrus: ovary is about to release an egg ovary is about to release an egg Estrus:Estrus: female receptivity female receptivity Metestrus:Metestrus: uterus prepares for pregnancy uterus prepares for pregnancy
fertilized egg attaches to uterusfertilized egg attaches to uterus Diestrus:Diestrus: longest period of cycle longest period of cycle
– inactiveinactive Estrous Cycles stop after conception, and Estrous Cycles stop after conception, and
begin soon after Parturition (birth)begin soon after Parturition (birth)
Females also show external signs of "Heat"
aggressive behavioraggressive behavior swelling and/or color change of vulvaswelling and/or color change of vulva
A Mature Male is called a:A Mature Male is called a: BullBull A Mature Female is called a:A Mature Female is called a:
CowCow The act of Giving Birth is called:The act of Giving Birth is called:
CalvingCalving A Castrated Male is called a:A Castrated Male is called a: SteerSteer An Immature Female is called a:An Immature Female is called a: HeiferHeifer
Beef (Bovine) Terms
What do you call a mature male hog?What do you call a mature male hog? BoarBoar
What do you call a mature female hog?What do you call a mature female hog?
SowSow
What do you call the act of giving birth?What do you call the act of giving birth?
FarrowingFarrowing
What do you call a castrated male hog? What do you call a castrated male hog? BarrowBarrow
What do you call an young female hog?What do you call an young female hog?
GiltGilt
Pig (Porcine) Terms
What do you call a mature male?What do you call a mature male?
RoosterRooster
What do you call a mature female?What do you call a mature female?
HenHen
What do you call a young female?What do you call a young female?
PulletPullet
What do you call a castrated male?What do you call a castrated male? CaponCapon
Poultry (Ovine) Terms
What do you call a mature male horse?What do you call a mature male horse?
StallionStallion
What do you call a mature female horse?What do you call a mature female horse?
MareMare
What do you call a castrated male horse?What do you call a castrated male horse? GeldingGelding
What do you call a young horse?What do you call a young horse?
Foal or ColtFoal or Colt
What do you call an immature female horse?What do you call an immature female horse?
FillyFilly
What do you call the act of giving birth for horses?What do you call the act of giving birth for horses? FoalingFoaling
Horse (Equine) Terms
Any questions?