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C:\Users\waqar\Desktop\Annual Reports\New folder\Introduction2015-16.doc
ANNUAL PROGRAMME OF RESAERCH WORK
FOR THE YEAR
2015-16
OF
BIOCHEMISTRY SECTION
POST HARVEST RESEARCH CENTRE
FAISALABAD
C:\Users\waqar\Desktop\Annual Reports\New folder\Introduction2015-16.doc
Introduction
This section conducts research relating to nutritional quality evaluation of
promising lines / varieties of grain crops, fruits, vegetables and fodder crops, utilization
of agro-industrial wastes as plant nutrient source and soil improver for enhancing
productivity of crops, effect of fertilization on quality of crops and soil health for
improving plant nutrition and also determining toxicants/anti-nutritional factors in
different crops. In addition analytical facility for the quality assessment of
products/varieties of crop specialists, industry and farmers is carried out as per their
requirements.
During the year 2015-16 research will be carried out on nutritional quality of
aloevera, alfalfa, maize, rice, canola, rye grass, apple, peach, pomegranate, citrus and
pearl millet. Effect of fertilization on quality of wheat, guava, lentil, okra an maize
fodder, free fatty acid contents of seed cotton and its effect on germination, preservation /
silage of pearl millet fodder, effect of storage length on aflatoxin content of cereals,
antioxidant potential of citrus fruit, impact of saline water on quality of sorghum fodder
and standardization of bio diesel and bio ethanol production techniques.
Staff position
S. No. Name of Post Filled Vacant Total
1 Agricultural Chemist (Bio) 1 - 1
2 Assistant Agriculture Chemist 1 - 1
3 Assistant Research Officer 4 1 5
Break up of experiments
i. New = 08
ii. Ongoing = 14
iii. Total = 22
C:\Users\waqar\Desktop\Annual Reports\New folder\Introduction2015-16.doc
CONTENTS
Sr.
No.
Title Page No.
1 Chemical composition of aloevera with respect to seasonal variation. 1
2 Effect of cutting interval on crude protein, fiber content and dry
matter yield of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) 2
3 Effect of different biostimulants on the quality of wheat and rice. 3
4 Quality comparison of hybrid vs synthetic varieties of maize, rice
and canola. 4
5 Effect of irrigation frequencies and its time of application on HCN
level in sorghum. 5
6 Effect of storage length on free fatty acid contents and germination
of cotton seed. 6
7 Comparison of nutritional quality of enriched silage and fresh fodder
of bajra (pearl millet). 7
8 Assessment of antioxidant potential of different fruits. 8
9 Quality comparison of different apple varieties grown in Punjab 9
10 Effect of potassium on nutritional quality and yield of wheat. 12
11 Nutritional quality evaluation of different varieties of peach. 14
12 Nutritional quality evaluation of different varieties of ryegrass. 16
13 Nutritional quality evaluation of different varieties of pomegranate
under climatic conditions of Faisalabad. 18
14 Effect of alone and combined application of organic and inorganic
manures on the production and nutritional quality of guava. 20
15 Nutritional quality evaluation of pearl millet fodder varieties/lines. 22
16 Improving the nutritional quality and yield of lentil by the use of
potassium. 24
17 Impact of saline water on nutritional quality and yield of sorghum
fodder. 26
18 Standardization of biodiesel production method in castor bean on
small/ laboratory scale. 28
19 Standardization of bio ethanol production technique at small scale.
29
20 Temporal changes in aflatoxin content of cereal grains affected by
storage length. 30
21 Nutritional quality evaluation of organically and inorganically grown
okra. 32
22 Effect of farm yard manure alone and in combination with NP
fertilizer on quality of maize fodder 34
23 Advisory service 35
1
TITLE-1 EFFECT OF CUTTING INTERVAL ON CRUDE PROTEIN,
FIBER CONTENT AND DRY MATTER YIELD OF
ALFALFA.
OBJECTIVES
Alfalfa is a perennial fodder. This study is therefore planned to
investigate the effect of stage of cutting interval on its quality.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Maryam Sarfraz, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2015-18
LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration
with Agronomy (Forage Production) section AARI, Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS Stage of Cuttings
T1 Continuous cuttings after every 20 days
T2 Continuous cuttings after every 30 days
T3 Continuous cuttings after every 40 days
METHODOLOGY The experiment will be sown in 30 cm apart rows during first week
of October with recommended fertilizer dose (NPK 22-115-00 kg
ha-1) with plot size 3m X 6m in RCBD with 4 replications. All
agronomic practices will be kept uniform .Seed rate will be 10-12
kg/ha. First cut will be taken 30 days after sowing in all the
treatments/ plots while remaining cuttings will be taken according to
the plan. Samples from each cutting will be collected for analysis of
crude protein, total crude protein, crude fat, total minerals, fiber
content and NFE.
PREVIOUS YEAR,S
RESULTS
New experiment
2
TITLE-2 EFFECT OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES AND ITS TIME
OF APPLICATION ON HCN LEVEL IN SORGHUM
OBJECTIVES Sorghum is a rabi fodder. It is opined that drought increases HCN
level in this crop. This study is therefore planned to determine the
effective irrigation interval and its time of application to minimize
HCN level in sorghum
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2015-18
LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration
with Agronomy (Forage Production) Section, AARI, Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS
T1 = 1 irrigation at 20 days after sowing
T2 = 1 irrigation at 30 days after sowing
T3 = 1 irrigation at 40 days after sowing
T4 = 1 irrigation at 20 days after sowing+ 1 irrigation at 30 days
after sowing
T5 = 1 irrigation at 20 days after sowing+ 1 irrigation at 40 days
after sowing
T6 = 1 irrigation at 30 days after sowing+ 1 irrigation at 40 days
after sowing
T7 = 1 irrigation at 20 days after sowing+ 1 irrigation at 30 days
after sowing+ 1 irrigation at 40 days after sowing
METHODOLOGY The experiment will be sown in 30 cm apart rows during first
week of June with recommended fertilizer dose having plot size 6
m x 10 m using RCBD with three replications. All agronomic
practices will be kept uniform. Data regarding HCN level and
green fodder yield will be recorded. Samples will be analyzed for
dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter and crude fiber.
PREVIOUS YEAR,S
RESULTS
New experiment
3
TITLE-3 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BIOSTIMULANTS ON THE
QUALITY OF WHEAT AND RICE
OBJECTIVES Biostimulant is a substance that is neither a plant nutrient nor a
pesticide, but has a positive impact on plant health. Progressive
farmers are using this to increase the yield and growth of rice and
wheat. This study is therefore planned to see the effect of
biostimulants on quality of wheat and rice.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Maryam Sarfraz, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2015-18
LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration
with Soil Bacteriology Section, AARI, Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS Biostimulant Dose Application method
1 Factop Rice= 3ml/kg Seed treatment
All Cropgro Wheat =1.5ml/kg //
2 Prim GR: Wheat & Rice =5kg/acre Soil application
3 Canal Water: Wheat & Rice =9L/acre Soil application
4 BM Plus: Wheat & Rice=2 ml/1kg Seed treatment
5 Basanti: Wheat & Rice=10kg/acre Soil application
6 Sea Maxx: Wheat& Rice=300-500 Foliar application
ml/ acre
METHODOLOGY A Pot study will be conducted at Biochemistry Section, AARI,
Faisalabad on rice and wheat according to CRD with three
replications. Six bio stimulants will be collected from Soil
Bacteriology Section and applied to see the effect on the yield and
quality of rice and wheat.
Recommended dose of PK will be applied at the time of sowing
while N in two splits. At the time of harvesting grain and paddy
samples will be collected, dried, ground and analyzed for dry
matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, phosphorous and
NFE.
PREVIOUS YEAR,S
RESULTS
New experiment
4
TITLE-4 QUALLITY COMPARISON OF HYBRID VS SYNTHETIC
VARIETIES OF MAIZE, RICE AND CANOLA.
OBJECTIVES Progressive farmers of our country are usually growing hybrids
due to high yield and income. A school of thought criticizes
hybrids due to low nutritional quality. Keeping in view, a study is
planned to compare the quality of hybrids and synthetic varieties
of maize, rice and canola.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Maryam Sarfraz, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2015-18
LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS Va T1 Maize Synthetic Hybrid
Malka 2015 FH- 949
MMRI- Yusafwala FH- 810
MMRI- Yellow FH- 1036
Sahiwal- 2002 FH- 922
Agaiti- 2002 FH- 988
FH- 1231
T2 Rice Super Basmati Malkarani-1
Basmati-2000 Malkarani-2
Shaheen Basmati Sallar
T3 Canola Punjab Sarsoon Hayola 401
Faisal Canola Faisalabad Hybrid
METHODOLOGY Samples of maize, rice and canola will be collected from Maize
Research Station, AARI, Faisalabad, Rice Research Institute,
Kala Shah Kaku and Oil Seed Research Institute, Faisalabad.
Three replications of each sample will be analyzed. Samples will
be dried, ground and analyzed for moisture, crude protein, crude
fiber, crude fat, ash, phosphorous and NFE.
PREVIOUS YEAR,S
RESULTS
New experiment
5
TITLE-5
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALOE VERA WITH
RESPECT TO SEASONAL VARIATION.
OBJECTIVES The Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) plant has been known and
used for centuries for health, beauty and medicinal properties. The
Egyptians called Aloe “the plant of immortality.” Keeping in view the
importance of aloe vera present study is planned to evaluate the
quality of the leaves of Aloe vera.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Hafsa Zafar, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2015-18
LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS Sampling Time
1. January
2. April
3. July
4. October
METHODOLOGY Five samples of two varieties of Aloe vera will be collected from pots
at an interval of three months starting from January, 2016 and
analyzed using CRD for quality parameters.
Fresh plant leaves will be used to determine gel (%), peel (%) and
fresh gel will be used to record pH, Vitamin C and TSS. Plant leaves
will be cut into slices and oven dried plant sample will be used to
record data regarding Dry matter, Crude protein, Crude fat, Ash,
Crude fiber, NFE, Potassium, Sodium, Phosphorus, Calcium, Copper,
Zinc and Iron.
PREVIOUS YEAR,S
RESULTS
New experiment
6
TITLE-6 EFFECT OF STORAGE LENGTH ON FREE FATTY ACID
CONTENTS AND GERMINATION OF COTTON SEED
OBJECTIVES To determine the proper storage period for better germination of
cotton seed and get maximum yield as yield depends directly on
seed germination rate, and also to study the correlation between
free fatty acid contents, seed germination and storage length.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2015-18
LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad
TREATMENTS
Varieties:
1- MNH-886
2- FH-942
3- FH-142
4- Lalazar
Storage Length:
1- Three months
2- Six months
3- Nine months
4- Twelve months
METHODOLOGY Seed of the above mentioned varieties will be collected / sown
during normal season. Seed will be stored at room temperature and
analyzed for free fatty acids. Germination will also be tested after
each storage period using CRD with three replications.
PREVIOUS YEAR,S
RESULTS
New experiment
7
TITLE-7 COMPARISON OF NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF
ENRICHED SILAGE AND FRESH FODDER OF BAJRA
(PEARL MILLET)
OBJECTIVES Silage is considered the better way to conserve forage crops. A
forage crop can be cut early and only has 23% dry matter to be
ensiled successfully. Silage can be produced both in cold and
cloudy weather. Fermentation in silage reduces harmful nitrates
accumulated in plants during droughts and in over fertilized
crops. Keeping in view of the importance of silage this trial was
planned to compare the nutritional quality of silage prepared
using different enrichment materials and fresh bajra fodder
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2015-18
LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad
TREATMENTS 1- Fresh fodder
2- Silage prepared without any additive
3- Silage prepared with 1 % molasses as additive
4- Silage prepared with 2 % molasses as additive
5- Silage prepared with 1 % urea
6- Silage prepared with 1 % molasses + 1 % urea
METHODOLOGY Bajra will be sown during June-July using recommended
agronomic practices. On maturity, fresh fodder samples will be
analyzed as such, and also silage of these samples will be
prepared using above mentioned treatment plan in small pits
randomized using complete block design with three replications.
Samples will be analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, crude
fiber, mineral mater and crude fat.
PREVIOUS YEAR’S
REULTS
New experiment
8
TITLE- 8 ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF
DIFFERENT FRUITS.
OBJECTIVES
Antioxidant compounds in food play an important role as a
health protecting factor. Scientific evidence suggests that
antioxidants reduce the risk for chronic diseases including
cancer and heart disease (Gorinstein et.al., 2004). That is why
the present study is planned to determine the antioxidants
potential of citrus fruit during this year.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Hafsa Zafar, Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad and
Umar Farooq
DURATION Continuous
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS
1. Kinnow
2. Lemon
3. Musambi
4. Grape fruit
METHODOLOGY Five fruit samples (5 fruit/sample and three fruit per replication)
will be collected from local market. Fresh juice of the samples
will be extracted and used for determination of Vitamin- C, pH,
TSS, acidity and total antioxidants. Total phenol contents will be
determined from oven dried, ground plant sample.
PREVIOUS YEAR,S
RESULTS
New experiment
9
TITLE-9 QUALITY COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT APPLE
VARIETIES GROWN IN PUNJAB
OBJECTIVES Apple constitutes an important part of human diet as they are a source
of sugars, acids and iron. Therefore different varieties of apples will be
evaluated for different quality parameters.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Maryam Sarfraz, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2014-17
LOCATION Biochemistry Section PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with
Hill Fruit Research Stations, Murree.
TREATMENTS
T1 KingRed Delicious
T2 Golden Delicious
T3 Jona Gold
T4 Kandhari
T5 Red Golden
T6 Star king Delicious
T7 Golden Russet
T8 Ida Red
T9 Sky spur
T10 Nugget
T11 Red Chief
T12 Spartin
T13 Gala must R
METHODOLOGY 1 Kg sample of thirteen different varieties of apple will be collected
from Hill Fruit Research Station, Murree during the month of
September according to RCBD with three replications. After recording
fresh weight, pulp %, Juice %, Peel %, Firmness and Moisture. Juice
will be extracted and analyzed for ascorbic acid, malic acid, acidity,
pH, TSS, reducing sugar, total and non reducing sugar and iron.
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page-10
10
PHSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF APPLE:
Treatment Seed
(%)
Malic
Acid
(%)
Reducing
sugar
(%)
Total
Sugars
(%)
Non-
reducing
sugar (%)
Vitamin-C
(mg/100ml)
Nuggets 6.99bcd 0.31gh 6.31c 10.26c 3.75abc 2.78c
Gala Must 8.37a 0.50abc 6.22cd 9.98cd 3.56bcd 3.70bc
Jona glod 8.38a 0.52ab 6.93b 9.42e 2.37e 5.56a
Starking Delicious 4.60e 0.54a 4.97gh 8.13g 3.00de 2.78c
Red Golden 7.63ab 0.39ef 5.74de 9.21e 3.29cd 2.78c
Spartin 7.94ab 0.40de 6.43bc 9.93d 3.32cd 4.63ab
king red delicious 5.89d 0.47bc 6.31c 10.62b 4.10ab 5.56a
Sky spur 6.31cd 0.32gh 5.14fgh 9.11ef 3.77abc 3.70bc
Golden delicious 7.30abc 0.34fg 5.58ef 9.26e 3.49bcd 4.63ab
Golden Russet 7.18bc 0.45cd 4.81h 8.87f 3.86abc 5.56a
Kandhari 6.40cd 0.27h 7.51a 11.23a 3.53bcd 5.56a
Red chief 6.39cd 0.53a 5.34efg 9.87d 4.30a 5.56a
CV 9.84 8.08 5.14 1.96 11.02 21.99
LCD 1.16 0.05 0.52 0.32 0.65 1.64
11
Treatment Firmness
(kg)
pH Acidity
(%)
Fresh
weight
(g/fruit)
TSS Peel+Pulp
(%)
Juice
(%)
Nuggets 5.90c 5.07e 0.52ghi 141.0b 132.a 35.2ab 41.1de
Gala Must 6.94b 6.25a 0.83d 120.1cd 11.d 36.6ab 43.5bcd
Jona glod 7.68a 5.66b 0.53gh 115.1cd 10.5ef 39.1a 21.2a
Starking
Delicious
5.76c 5.41bcde 0.49hi 144.5b 11.1d 36.8ab 50.5a
Red Golden 5.59ab 5.57bcd 0.75e 91.8f 10.1gd 40.5a 51.0a
Spartin 7.81a 5.56bcd 0.94c 121.5c 10h 31.4b 48.0abc
king red delicious 4.60d 5.50bcd 0.67f 137.1b 12.9a 21.8c 41.8cde
Sky spur 5.38c 5.65bc 0.46i 120.5de 10.7e 38.0a 50.1a
Golden delicious 7.31ab 5.28cde 1.02b 145.4b 10.7e 40.8a 36.7c
Golden Russet 7.63ab 5.65bc 0.79de 100.8ef 10.3fg 37.9a 49.4ab
Kandhari 2.52f 5.29bcde 1.18a 96.8f 12.2b 16.9c 52.5a
Red chief 3.67c 5.20de 0.57g 154.9a 11.4c 35.7ab 35.7e
CV 7.21 4.04 4.59 5.21 1.40 10.16 8.31
LCD 0.74 0.37 0.057 10.89 0.26 5.89 8.48
Conclusion
It is concluded that acidity (1.18%), juice % (52.5%), reducing sugar (7.51%),
total sugar (11.23%) and vitamin C (5.56 mg/100ml) were found better in Kandhari while
maximum fresh weight (154.9g/fruit), malic acid (0.53%) and reducing sugar (4.30%) was
found in red chief.
12
TITLE-10 EFFECT OF POTASSIUM ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND
YIELD OF WHEAT
OBJECTIVES Potassium has key role in improving quality and yield of wheat and
other crops as well. Our farming community is not applying potassium
to the wheat. This study is therefore planned to see the effect of
potassium on nutritional quality and yield of wheat.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2014-17
LOCATION
Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS
Treatments Fertilizer kg ha-1
T1 NP (120-90)
T2 NP (120-90) + K (40)
T3 NP (120-90) + K (60)
T4 NP (120-90) + K (80)
T5 NP (120-90) + K (100)
METHODOLOGY Crop will be sown at farm area of Biochemistry Section AARI,
Faisalabad by opting necessary agronomic practices during the month
of October-November by following RCBD with three replications. Full
dose of phosphorus and potassium will be applied at the time of
sowing while nitrogen will be applied two splits. Data regarding
physical parameters will be recorded at the time of harvesting. Grain
samples will be collected from each plot, dried, ground and analyze for
dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, Phosphorous, K,
calcium & NFE.
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page-13
13
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT
Treatments Total
Biomass
(t ha-1)
Grain
Yield
(t ha-1)
Dry
matter
(%)
Ash
(%)
Crude
fat
(%)
NP (120-90) 11.35 a 4.98 b 94.86 1.18 b 2.33 b
NP (120-90) + K (40) 11.70 b 5.48 ab 94.41 1.25 ab 2.48 ab
NP (120-90) + K (60) 12.53 ab 5.40 ab 94.76 1.32 ab 2.53 ab
NP (120-90) + K (80) 12.68 ab 5.77 ab 94.83 1.35 ab 2.57 ab
NP (120-90) + K (100) 13.57 a 6.22 a 94.61 1.42 a 2.73 a
CV (%) 7.22 10.07
NS
7.13 7.13
LSD 1.681 1.056 0.175 0.175
Treatments Crude Protein
(%)
Calcium
(%)
Potassium
(%)
Phosphorus
(%)
NP (120-90) 11.43 b 0.013 c 0.98 b 0.195
NP (120-90) + K (40) 11.73 ab 0.016 bc 1.01 b 0.198
NP (120-90) + K (60) 12.37 ab 0.018 ab 1.05 ab 0.201
NP (120-90) + K (80) 12.54 ab 0.022 a 1.00 b 0.208
NP (120-90) + K (100) 12.92 a 0.023 a 1.14 a 0.210
CV (%) 6.27 9.15 5.61
NS LSD 1.439 0.004 0.029
Conclusion
Potassium application @ 100 kg ha-1 along with standard dose of NP produced
maximum total biomass (13.57 t ha-1), grain yield (6.22 t ha-1), ash (1.42 %), crude protein
(12.92 %), crude fat (2.73 %), potassium (1.14 %) and calcium (0.023 %).
14
TITLE-11 NUTRITIONAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT
VARIETIES OF PEACH.
OBJECTIVES Peach (Prunus Persica) fruit is a drupe which is low in calories and
contains no saturated fats. They are rich in numerous health promoting
compounds, minerals and vitamins. Therefore different varieties of
peach will be analyzed for quality parameters.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Hafsa Zafar, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2014-17
LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with
Hill Fruit Research Station, Murree.
TREATMENTS Varieties
T1 Nectarine
T2 Florida King
T3 Spring Crest
T4 Peach 8
T5 Peach 3
T6 Maria Delicizia
T7 Early Grand
T8 A 699
METHODOLOGY Samples of eight varieties of peach will be collected from Hill Fruit
Research Station, Murree during the month of June according to RCBD
with three replications. Data regarding fresh fruit weight, fruit diameter,
dry matter, moisture, juice %, peel %, seed %, vitamin-C, reducing
sugars, non-reducing sugars, total invert sugars, TSS, pH and acidity and
firmness of fruit will be recorded whereas oven dried samples will be
ground and analyzed for fiber, phosphorus, potassium and iron.
PREVIOUS YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page -15
15
Physicochemical analysis of Peach:
Conclusion
Considering Fresh weight (116.7), diameter (61.7 mm), Dry matter (14 %), Pulp
(77.6 %), Total Invert Sugar (7.3) and Reducing Sugar (5.1 %) Florida King is found better.
Treatments
Fresh
Weight
(g/fruit)
Diameter
(mm)
Dry matter
(%)
Pulp (%) Stone
(%) Peel (%) pH
Florida King 116.7 a 61.7 a 14.0 a 77.6 a 6.1 c 16.3 b 4.70 c
Early Grand 100.8 b 56.0 b 12.5 b 75.5 a 7.6 b 16.9 b 4.85 ab
A-669 53.4 b 42.4 c 12.08 b 70.1 b 10.2 a 19.7 a 4.89 a
Maria Delicizia 92.4 c 54.0 b 11.58 b 76.0 a 6.8 bc 17.2 b 4.74 bc
C.V 10.94 5.59 5.82 4.21 16.23 13.33 2.94
LSD 9.01 2.72 1.37 2.85 1.13 2.12 0.128
Treatments Reducing
Sugar (%)
Total Invert
Sugar
(%)
Non Reducing
Sugar
(%)
TSS (%) Firmness
(kg)
Florida King 5.1 a
7.3 a 2.7 a 10.2 ab 1.7 bc
Early Grand 4.1 b
6.7 b 0.6 c 11.0 a 1.3 c
A-669 4.4 b
5.0 d 2.5 a 9.9 b 2.0 b
Maria Delicizia 2.8 c 5.6 c 2.1 b
9.5 b
4.9 a
C.V 4.22 2.8 7.39 11.12 19.40
LSD 0.33 0.33 0.28 1.02 0.435
16
TITLE-12 NUTRITIONAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT
VARIETIES OF RYEGRASS.
OBJECTIVES Ryegrass is a very useful multicut un-conventional fodder of winter
season. Its growth also continues in swear cold and frost. It is resistant
to salinity to some extent. It is rich in protein and dry matter as
compare to other rabi fodders. Animals eat it happily both in fresh and
dry form. It is also suitable for mixed cropping with Oat, Berseem and
Lucerne. Its hay is also useful equally.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2013-16
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad
TREATMENTS Varieties/Lines
1) RG1
2) Fantastic
3) Marshal
METHODOLOGY Rye grass varieties will be sown at farm area of Biochemistry Section
AARI, Faisalabad during the month of October following RCBD with
three replications. Fresh fodder yield will be recorded at the time of
each cutting. Samples from each variety will be collected, dried,
ground and analyzed for dry matter ,crude protein, crude fiber, crude
fat, ash, phosphorous, calcium and NFE
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page-17
17
Chemical composition of Rye Grass Cutting-I
Treatment Fresh
Fodder
Yield
(t ha-1)
Dry matter
(%)
Ash (%) Crude fat
(%)
Crude
Protein
(%)
Marshal 23.35 14.41 11.62 2.76 15.10
Fantastic 38.88 12.37 11.78 2.95 15.58
RG-1 33.72 13.49 11.38 2.51 14.67
Chemical composition of Rye Grass Cutting-II
Treatment Fresh
Fodder
Yield
(t ha-1)
Dry matter
(%)
Ash (%) Crude fat
(%)
Crude
Protein
(%)
Marshal 19.77 14.53 12.10 2.50 14.37
Fantastic 26.13 12.17 11.34 2.68 14.87
RG-1 26.10 13.43 11.78 2.30 14.28
Conclusion
Maximum fresh fodder yield (38.88 t/ha), crude protein (15.58 %), and crude
fat (2.95%), were found in fantastic in cutting I. Similar trend was also found in cutting II
18
TITLE-13 NUTRITIONAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT
VARIETIES OF POMEGRANATE UNDER CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS OF FAISALABAD
OBJECTIVES
Pomegranate is among the most popular, nutritionally rich fruit with
unique flavor, taste, health promoting characteristics and is often called
as “Super fruit”. Therefore present study is planned to check the
quality of pomegranate under climatic conditions of Faisalabad.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Hafsa Zafar, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2013-16
LOCATION Biochemistry Section, PHRC, AARI, Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS Varieties
T1 NARC-1
T2 NARC-2
T3 Sultan
T4 Kandhari
T5 Tarnab Gulabi
METHODOLOGY Samples of five varieties of Pomegranate will be collected from
Horticultural Farm, Faisalabad during the month of august according to
RCBD with three replications. After recording fresh weight and
diameter juice will be extracted and analyzed for Juice %, peel %,
seed % vitamin-C, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, total invert
sugar, TSS, pH and acidity
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page- 19
19
Physicochemical analysis of Pomegranate:
Treatments
Fresh
Weight
(g/fruit) Juice (%)
Peel
(%)
Seed +
Pulp
(%) pH
Acidity
(%)
Tarnab
Gulabi 143.8 d 31.7 b 34.5 c 33.8 b 3.3 b 1.63 b
NARC-1 221.9 a 33.4 a 37.7 ab 28.9 c 3.2 bc 1.70 a
NARC-2 199.6 b 28.0 c 35.7 bc 36.3 b 3.5 a 1.65 b
Kandhari 159.6 c 17.0 d 39.2 a 43.7 a 3.2 c 1.16 c
Sultan 187.7 b 32.3 ab 37.2 c 30.4 c 3.5 a 0.78 d
C.V 5.58 3.05 5.24 5.95 1.90 1.29
LSD 15.7 1.308 2.913 3.10 0.115 0.0325
Treatments
Reducing
Sugar (%)
Total Sugar
(%)
Non Reducing
Sugar
(%)
TSS (%) Vitamin C
(mg/100mL)
Tarnab Gulabi 10.72 c 16.40 b 5.40 a
17.5b
12.5 ab
NARC-1 11.75 b 14.10 d 2.23 c 15.4d 12.5 ab
NARC-2 9.90 c 13.42 d 3.34 b 14.6e 9.8 c
Kandhari 12.19 b 15.03 c 2.70 bc 16.4c 12.8 a
Sultan 16.02 a 18.88 a 2.72 bc 19.8a 11.75 b
C.V 4.04 2.77 13.21 0.56 4.80
LSD 0.892 0.784 0.7881 0.169 1.037
Conclusion
Considering, total sugar contents (18.9 %) Juice (32.3 %) TSS (19.8 %) performance of
Sultan was found better. Fresh Weight (221.9g) was found better in NARC-1.
20
TITLE-14 EFFECT OF ALONE AND COMBINED APPLICATION OF
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MANURES ON THE
PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF GUAVA
OBJECTIVES
To find out the optimum dose of individual and combined application
of organic and inorganic manures on quality of guava.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2013-16
LOCATION In collaboration with Horticultural Research Institute, AARI,
Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS
T1 = NPK 100% (1000g, 500g, 500g) / tree
T2 = NPK 100% (1000g, 500g, 500g) + FYM (40 kg/plant)
T3 = NPK 75% (750g, 375g, 375g) + FYM 25% (10 kg/plant)
T4 = NPK 50% (500g, 250g, 250g) + FYM 50% (20 kg/plant)
T5 = NPK 25% (250g, 125g, 125g) + FYM 75% (30 kg/plant)
METHODOLOGY This trial will be conducted at farm area of Horticultural Research
Institute, AARI, Faisalabad using RCBD with three replications. Farm
yard manure will be applied in the month of December. Full dose of
Phosphorous and Potassium and half dose of nitrogen will be applied
in the month of February and remaining half dose of nitrogen in the
month of august. Winter fruit will be collected and data regarding
yield /plant, fruit weight, fruit size, no. of fruits/plant and Firmness of
fruit will be recorded. Samples will be analyzed for vitamin-C,
reducing, non reducing and total sugars, TSS, pH on fresh basis.
Samples will be dried, ground and analyzed for dry matter and crude
protein.
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page -21
21
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GUAVA
Treatments Dry matter
(%)
Crude protein
(%)
vitamin C
(mg/100g)
Reducing
sugars (%)
T1 12.12c 9.83b 193.6b 4.18s
T2 12.65bc 11.3a 207.9a 5.78a
T3 13.33ab 9.04c 176.3c 3.92c
T4 14.04a 8.54c 157.2d 3.72c
T5 13.60a 8.02d 150.4e 3.47d
CV 3.70 2.84 1.87 2.89
LSD 0.915 0.501 6.224 0.230
Treatments Total sugars
(%)
Non reducing
sugars (%)
Mineral
matter (%)
pH
T1 5.77b 1.50b 0.927b 5.63ab
T2 8.02a 2.12a 1.107a 5.43b
T3 5.27c 1.28bc 0.843b 5.87a
T4 4.92cd 1.14c 0.724c 5.77a
T5 4.67d 1.14c 0.640c 5.83a
CV 3.72 8.82 7.29 2.54
LSD 0.401 0.239 0.116 0.273
Conclusion:
Treatment T2 where full dose of NPK and farmyard manure were applied gave
maximum crude protein (11.3 %), vitamin-c (207.9 mg/100g), reducing sugars (5.78 %), total
sugars (8.02 %), non reducing sugars (2.12 %) and mineral matter (1.107 %).
22
TITLE-15 NUTRITIONAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF PEARL
MILLET FODDER VARIETIES / LINES
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the yield and nutritional quality of varieties / promising
lines of pearl millet fodder being evolved by the Fodder Section,
AARI, Faisalabad.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2013-16
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with Fodder
Section AARI, Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS Varieties/Lines
1) Sargodha Bajra 2011
2) BS-2000
3) FB-794
4) FB-812
5) FB-822
6) MB-87
7) F-786
METHODOLOGY Samples of pearl millet varieties / lines will be collected from Fodder
section, AARI Faisalabad according to RCBD with three replications
at 50% heading stage. Samples will be dried, ground and analyzed for
dry matter ,crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, phosphorous,
calcium and NFE
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page-23
23
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PEARL MILLET FODDER
Treatments Dry matter
(%)
Ash
(%)
Crude fat
(%)
Crude
protein
(%)
Sargodha Bajra
2011 25.91 b 12.03 a 2.19 a 9.48 a
BS-2000 28.39 a 10.27 cd 1.59 c 8.87 ab
FB-794 25.14 b 10.12 cde 1.79 bc 7.90 c
FB-812 28.75 a 9.43 e 1.54 c 7.85 c
FB-822 25.72 b 9.58 de 1.98 ab 8.25 bc
MB-87 23.34 c 11.11 b 1.63 c 8.72 b
F-786 21.27 d 10.47 bc 1.55 c 7.76 c
CV (%) 2.77 4.05 9.40 4.63
LSD 1.257 0.752 0.288 0.692
Treatments Phosphorous
(%)
Calcium
(%)
Crude fiber
(%)
NFE
(%)
Sargodha Bajra
2011 0.217ab 0.087 bc 36.20 40.10 c
BS-2000 0.202 ab 0.095 ab 37.47 41.81 bc
FB-794 0.155 d 0.097 ab 37.59 42.59 abc
FB-812 0.230 a 0.099 a 36.52 44.66 a
FB-822 0.167 cd 0.093 ab 36.70 43.49 ab
MB-87 0.200 ab 0.080 c 36.06 42.48 abc
F-786 0.192 ab 0.093 ab 35.78 44.44 a
CV (%) 8.81 6.88
NS
3.44
LSD 0.030 0.009 2.617
Conclusion
Sargodha Bajra 2011 was found better due to higher ash (12.03 %), crude fat
(2.19 %) and crude protein (9.48 %). However maximum dry matter (28.75%), phosphorus
(0.230 %) calcium (0.099 %) and NFE (44.66 %) was found in FB-812.
24
TITLE-16 IMPROVING THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND YIELD OF
LENTIL BY THE USE OF POTASSIUM
OBJECTIVES To improve the nutritional quality and yield of lentil by the use of
potassium. Our farming community is not applying potassium to the
pulses. Potassium has key role in improving quality and yield of lentil.
Pulses are poor man meat as they are rich in protein and other nutrients
essential for proper body functioning.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2013-16
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with Pulses
Research Institute Faisalabad.
TREATMENTS
Treatments Fertilizer kg ha-1
T1 NP (25-60)
T2 NP (25-60) + K (30)
T3 NP (25-60) + K (45)
T4 NP (25-60) + K (60)
T5 NP (25-60) + K (75)
METHODOLOGY Crop will be sown at farm area of Pulses Research Institute Faisalabad
by opting necessary agronomic practices during the month of October
by following RCBD with three replications. Treatments will be applied
at the time of sowing. Data regarding physical parameters (Grain yield)
will be recorded at the time of harvesting. Grain samples will be
collected from each plot, dried, ground and analyze for dry matter,
crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, Phosphorous, calcium &
NFE.
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page-25
25
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LENTIL
Treatments Grain Yield
(t ha-1)
Dry matter
(%)
Ash
(%)
Crude fat
(%)
NP (25-60) 1.27 b 97.95 1.60 b 3.91 c
NP (25-60) + K (30) 1.34 ab 97.99 1.63 ab 4.03 bc
NP (25-60) + K (45) 1.45 ab 98.21 1.66 ab 4.16 abc
NP (25-60) + K (60) 1.48 a 98.22 1.74 ab 4.26 abc
NP (25-60) + K (75) 1.46 ab 98.33 1.83 a 4.28 a
CV (%) 7.64
NS
7.04 3.28
LSD 0.201 0.224 0.254
Treatments Crude
Protein
(%)
Calcium
(%)
Potassium
(%)
Phosphorus
(%)
NP (25-60) 21.12 c 0.040 b 1.49 b 0.277 a
NP (25-60) + K (30) 21.26 bc 0.042 b 1.65 ab 0.297 ab
NP (25-60) + K (45) 21.99 abc 0.043 b 1.68 ab 0.303 ab
NP (25-60) + K (60) 2295 abc 0.047 ab 1.74 ab 0.309 a
NP (25-60) + K (75) 23.57 a 0.053 a 1.84 a 0.318 a
CV (%) 4.19 8.91 8.18 4.82
LSD 1.750 0.007 0.258 0.027
Conclusion
Potassium application @ 75 kg ha-1 along with standard dose of N 25 kg ha-1
and P 60 kg ha-1 gave higher ash (1.83 %), crude fat (4.28 %) crude protein (23.57 %),
potassium (1.84 %) phosphorus (0.318 %) and calcium (0.053 %). However Potassium
application @60 kg ha-1 produced maximum grain yield (1.48 ton ha-1)
26
TITLE-17 IMPACT OF SALINE WATER ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
AND YIELD OF SORGHUM FODDER
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of saline water application on nutritional
quality and yield of sorghum fodder.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2013-2016
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with Soil
Salinity Research Institute Pindi Bhattian.
TREATMENTS
Treatments Water quality
T1 Canal Water
T2 ECiw 4.0 dSm-1
T3 ECiw 6.0 dSm-1
T4 ECiw 8.0 dSm-1
T5 ECiw 10.0 dSm-1
METHODOLOGY Medium texture normal soil will be selected, brought in bulk and filled
in cemented lysimeter (6 x 4 x 3 ft) at Soil Salinity Research Institute
Pindi Bhattian. Irrigation water salinity will be developed with
quadratic equation using NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2 and MgSO4 keeping
SAR within safe limit ≤15. Crop will be sown by following CRD with
three replications. Data regarding Fresh fodder yield will be recorded
at the time of harvesting. Samples will be collected from each
replication, dried, ground and analyzed for dry matter, crude protein,
crude fiber, crude fat, ash, Phosphorous, calcium and NFE.
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page-27
27
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SORGHUM FODDER
Treatments Fresh fodder
yield
(t ha-1)
Dry
matter
(%)
Ash
(%)
Crude fat
(%)
Crude
Protein
(%)
Canal Water 58.61 a 16.02 c 8.59 b 3.07 a 9.92 a
ECiw 4.0 dSm-1 58.40 a 17.71 bc 9.27 b 3.05 a 9.86 a
ECiw 6.0 dSm-1
56.50 a 18.39 abc 8.43 b 2.93 b 8.46 b
ECiw 8.0 dSm-1
54.07 b 20.42 ab 8.88 b 2.36 b 8.37 b
ECiw 10.0 dSm-1
49.20 c 21.77 a 11.45 a 2.29 b 8.14 b
CV (%) 5.02 10.24 8.82 8.40 5.87
LSD 2.117 3.638 1.547 0.433 0.988
Treatments Phosphorus
(%)
Calcium
(%)
Crude fiber
(%)
NFE
(%)
Canal Water 0.154 a 0.089 a 28.34 50.09
ECiw 4.0 dSm-1 0.146 a 0.085 a 28.71 49.11
ECiw 6.0 dSm-1
0.118 b 0.081 ab 27.58 52.60
ECiw 8.0 dSm-1
0.116 b 0.081 ab 29.72 50.67
ECiw 10.0 dSm-1
0.110 b 0.076 b 28.71 49.41
CV (%) 8.86 5.31
NS
NS LSD 0.021 0.007
Conclusion
Canal water produced maximum fresh fodder yield (58.61 t ha-1), crude fat
(3.07 %) crude protein (9.92 %), phosphorus (0.154 %) and calcium (0.089 %) while
maximum dry matter (21.77 %) and ash (11.45 %) was found in T5 where ECiw 10.0 dSm-1
water was applied.
28
TITLE-18 STANDARDIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
METHOD IN CASTOR BEAN ON SMALL/LABORATORY
SCALE
OBJECTIVES
Biodiesel refers to vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel
consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters.
Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g.,
vegetable oil, animal fat) with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters.
Biodiesel helps reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide, soot
emissions, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. It is important to note
that vegetables oils are usually composed of several fatty acids, thus
the properties of oil will be a mixture of the properties of the fatty
acids it contains and the biodiesel made from the oil will also exhibit a
mixture of these properties. So, production of biodiesel and its
standardization is an imperative step as an environment friendly
technique.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2013-15
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad
TREATMENTS T1= Oil:Methanol= 1:6 (1.6% KOH)
T2= Oil: Methanol= 1:9 (1.6% KOH)
T3= Oil:Methanol= 1:6 (1.6% NaOH)
METHODOLOGY Amount of free fatty acids will be determined in oil. Different reagents
like methanol, Sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and vegetable oils will
be utilized in different ratios at different temperatures. Castor oil will
be used for the production of bio diesel. After standardization of bio
diesel production method, Biodiesel will be analyzed for Free fatty
acids, Percent recovery of Bio diesel, density, pH, viscosity, moisture,
Boiling point, Flashpoint and Economics of bio diesel Production.
Technique will be developed to produce bio diesel on small scale using
CRD with three replications.
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Analysis in progress
29
TITLE-19 STANDARDIZATION OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
TECHNIQUE AT SMALL SCALE
OBJECTIVES
A biofuel is a fuel that uses energy from a carbon fixation. These fuels
are produced from living organisms. Examples of this carbon fixation
are plants and micro algae. These fuels are made from a biomass
conversion. Biomass refers to living organisms, plants or plant-derived
materials. This biomass can be converted to energy in three different
ways: thermal conversion, chemical conversion, and biochemical
conversion. This biomass conversion’s can be in solid, liquid, or gas
form.
Bioethanol is a form of biochemical conversion that can be produced
from agricultural feedstocks. It can be made from very common crops
such as sugar cane, potato, and corn.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2013-15
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad
TREATMENTS The following processes of bioethanol production will be standardized
at lab scale;
i) Fermentation (Plastic bucket, Pitcher, Earthen pot)
ii) Distillation (Soxhlet, Copper wire, self made)
iii) Dehydration (Azeotropic & extractive distillation)
METHODOLOGY A technique will be developed to produce bio ethanol on lab scale
(small scale) using local lab equipments and inputs following CRD
with three replications. Different techniques of fermentation,
distillation and dehydration will be standardized at small / lab scale.
Initially technique will be standardized for Sugarcane (Gur) and then
for corn, sweet potato and starchy material of plants. Percent recovery
of bio ethanol will be recorded. Bio ethanol will be analyzed for
density, viscosity, boiling point, pH, purity, and absorbance.
Economics of produce will also be calculated.
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Fermentation is in progress.
30
TITLE-20 TEMPORAL CHANGES IN AFLATOXIN CONTENT OF
CEREAL GRAINS AFFECTED BY STORAGE LENGTH
OBJECTIVES
Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) are a group of naturally occurring
compounds called mycotoxin, produced by certain moulds
growing on some food crops during production and storage.
Alfatoxin are produced by aspergillus flavus. They occur mainly
in ground nuts (peanuts) edible nuts, dried, figs, species and maize
product. This study is planned to find out the aflatoxin in rice and
corn at different storage interval.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Maryam Sarfraz, Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad
and Umar Farooq
DURATION Continuous
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad
TREATMENTS T1 Control (At the first day of storage)
T2 After 90 days of storage
T3 After 180 days of storage
T4 After 270 days of storage
T5 After 360 days of storage
METHODOLOGY 10 kg corn and rice samples were collected and stored during the
months of November and December, 2012 at room temperature for
aflatoxin contents analysis. Samples were drawn after every ninety
days interval and analyzed for aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2).
Samples will be drawn from the same storage bulk and will be
analyzed for aflatoxin after every ninety days. Temperature and
humidity will be recorded at first week of every month.
Experiment will be continued till the contamination is found.
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page- 31
31
AFLATOXIN CONTENT IN CEREAL GRAINS
Conclusion:
No aflatoxin content was found in rice / corn even after 720 days of storage.
Treatments Rice Corn
G1 G2 B1 B2 G1 G2 B1 B2
T3 (July)
(After 180
days storage)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4
(November)
(After 270
days storage)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 (March)
(After 360
days storage
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 (June)
(After 450
days storage
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7
(September)
(After 540
days storage
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 (January)
(After 630
days storage
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T9 (April)
(After 720
days storage
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
32
TITLE-21 NUTRITIONAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF
ORGANICALLY AND INORGANICALLY GROWN OKRA
OBJECTIVES
Organic farming is a production system which avoids or largely
excludes the use of synthetic and inorganic fertilizers, pesticides
and growth regulators. So this study is planned to give comparative
nutritional quality evaluation of organically and inorganically
grown crops.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2012-15
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad
TREATMENTS T1. Inorganic (Okra grown using inorganic fertilizer @ 85-75-60
kg ha-1 NPK)
T2. Organic (Okra grown using Press mud on N-equivalent basis)
METHODOLOGY Crop will be sown at farm area of Biochemistry section using T test
with 9 replications. Chemical analysis of press mud will be carried
out for NPK. Press mud will be applied two months prior to sowing
while half dose of N and full dose of P & K will be applied at the
time of sowing. Remaining half dose of N will be applied at
flowering stage. Inorganic okra will be treated using different
synthetic chemicals e.g. fertilizer, pesticide etc. while no chemical
will be applied on organic okra. Samples will be collected, dried,
ground and analyzed for dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, crude
fiber, ash, Ca, P and K.
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Page-33
33
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF OKRA
Conclusion:
Inorganic okra gave higher yield (13.15 %) and crude fat (0.374 %) while organic
okra gave higher dry matter (13.73%), ash (0.968%), crude protein (2.407%), K (2.09%), P
(1.548%) and Ca (0.693%).
Treatments Yield
(t/ha)
Dry
Matter
(%)
Crude
Fat
(%)
Ash
(%)
Crude
Protein
(%)
K (%) P (%) Ca (%)
Inorganic 13.15 11.95 0.374 0.964 2.136 1.71 1.445 0.558
Organic 7.61 13.73 0.295 0.968 2.407 2.09 1.548 0.693
α-value 0.0007 0.0006 0.0005 0.882 0.0256 0.143 0.0978 0.0149
34
TITLE-22 EFFECT OF FARM YARD MANURE ALONE AND IN
COMBINATION WITH NP FERTILIZER ON QUALITY OF
MAIZE FODDER
OBJECTIVES To find out the better combination of NP fertilizer and Farm yard
manure to get good quality biomass of maize fodder.
RESEARCH
WORKERS
Muhammad Zaighum Mushtaq, Nisar Ahmad and Umar Farooq
DURATION 2013-16
LOCATION Biochemistry Section AARI, Faisalabad in collaboration with Fodder
Research Institute Sargodha.
TREATMENTS
Treatments FYM / Fertilizer
T1 Control
T2 NP 120-90 kg ha-1
T3 5 t ha-1 FYM
T4 10 t ha-1 FYM
T5 15 t ha-1 FYM
T6 1/2 NP + 5 t ha-1 FYM
T7 1/2 NP + 10 t ha-1 FYM
T8 1/2 NP + 15 t ha-1 FYM
METHODOLOGY Maize fodder will be sown at farm area of Fodder Research Institute
Sargodha during the month of July following RCBD with three
replications. Treatments will be applied at the time of sowing. Trial
will be harvested at 50% heading stage. Fresh fodder yield will be
recorded and samples from each plot will be collected, dried, ground
and analyzed for dry matter ,crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash,
Phosphorous, calcium and NFE
PREVIOUS
YEAR,S
RESULTS
Analysis is in progress.
35
ADVISORY SERVICE 2014-15
S.
No.
Source Name of
sample
No. of
samples
Analysis Detail
1 Guar Botanist RRI Bahawalpur Guar seed 30 Gum, Germ+ meal
husk, crude protein
2 Director Wheat Research Institute
Faisalabad
Wheat 30 Nitrogen
3 Director Horticultural Research
Institute Faisalabad
dates 05 TSS, pH
4 Director Post Harvest Research
Center Faisalabad
dates 04 Reducing ,Non
reducing & Total
sugars
5 Plant Physiologist ARI,Faisalabad
Tulsi 06 Crude fat
6 Director Post Harvest Research
Center Faisalabad
Maize 06 Crude protein,
moisture, crude fat.
7 Director Fodder Research
Institute Sargodha
Fodders 04 Dry matter, ash, crude
fat, crude protein
8 Director Rice Research Institute
Kala shah Kaku
Rice 08 crude protein, crude
fat.ash
9 Director Fodder Research
Institute Sargodha
Fodders 07 Crude fat, Crude
protein, ash
10 Director MMRI, Yousafwala Sorghum 02 Crude fat, moisture,
Ash, crude protein
11 Director Pulses Research Institute,
Faisalabad
Chickpea 20 Ash, crude fat, crude
protein, crude fiber
12 Director Pulses Research Institute,
Faisalabad
Mung bean 18 Crude fiber, crude
protein
13 Food Technologist PHRC,
Faisalabad
Methi 11 Crude protein
14 Food Technologist, PHRC,
Faisalabad
Cookies 12 Crude protein
Total 163
PUBLICATION: = 1
Effect of potassium and its time of application on the yield and quality of tomato.
Published in 2015. IJSRP , 9 (5).
36
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SORGHUM FODDER
Treatments Fresh fodder
yield
(t ha-1)
Dry
matter
(%)
Ash
(%)
Crude fat
(%)
Crude
Protein
(%)
Canal Water 62.59 22.10 8.36 4.77 9.95
ECiw 4.0 dSm-1 52.99 23.31 8.51 4.65 9.71
ECiw 6.0 dSm-1
50.69 24.52 8.52 4.49 8.72
ECiw 8.0 dSm-1
52.22 25.15 7.50 4.17 8.43
ECiw 10.0 dSm-1
44.54 27.81 7.77 4.09 8.38
CV (%)
LSD
Treatments Phosphorus
(%)
Calcium
(%)
Crude fiber
(%)
NFE
(%)
Canal Water 0.169 0.096 30.07 46.85
ECiw 4.0 dSm-1 0.159 0.084 29.14 47.98
ECiw 6.0 dSm-1
0.156 0.089 29.28 48.98
ECiw 8.0 dSm-1
0.154 0.086 28.93 50.98
ECiw 10.0 dSm-1
0.146 0.085 27.26 52.49
CV (%)
LSD
Conclusion
Canal water produced maximum fresh fodder yield (58.61 t ha-1), crude fat
(3.07 %) crude protein (9.92 %), phosphorus (0.154 %) and calcium (0.089 %) while
maximum dry matter (21.77 %) and ash (11.45 %) was found in T5 where ECiw 10.0 dSm-1
water was applied.