Annual report 1998 - EUROCONTROLAnnual Report 1998 EUROCONTROL \ ECAC 7 CODA 1. SUMMARY OVERVIEW Introduction Before discussing the delay situation in 1998, it is appropriate to recall,

$Page 1: Annual report 1998 - EUROCONTROLAnnual Report 1998 EUROCONTROL \ ECAC 7 CODA 1. SUMMARY OVERVIEW Introduction Before discussing the delay situation in 1998, it is appropriate to recall,$
CODACentral Office for Delay Analysis

EUROCONTROL / ECAC

CODA

Delays to Air Transport in EuropeAnnual Report 1998

Comparison of Delay (all causes) between 1998 and 1997

12%

10%

2%

15%

7%

6%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

% ArrivalsMore 15 min

Avg. Delay/Movement

Avg. Delay/Delayed Flt

% DepartureMore 15 min

% FlightsDelayed

Total Flights

Total Departures in the ECAC region (from CFMU Data)

All sources Departure Delay (based on AEA All Stations Data)

All sources Arrival Delay (based on AEA All Stations Data)

This page has been deliberately left blank

Delays to Air TransportAnnual Report 1998

EUROCONTROL / ECACCODA

FOREWORDThis report represents an overview of the delay situation in the European CivilAviation Conference Area. It is based on delay data supplied by the CFMU,IATA and AEA, and has been prepared by the Central Office for DelayAnalysis (CODA), Division DED.4 of the EATCHIP Development Directorate.

The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of themain delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics which illustrate themain characteristics of the reporting period. However, as a result of thecurrent form of the database, the graphics and statistics refer only todeparture delays. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout thereport is given in Annex 1.

The CODA Delay Indicator (CDI) is a performance indicator which has beenincluded in order to try to give a better perception of the overall delaysituation.

In this report the definition of the CFMU ATFM departure delay is based onthe difference between the scheduled off block time and the calculated offblock time, taking into account slot time and estimated taxi time. Data fromboth IATA and AEA, on the other hand, are based on real recorded delays.

© European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)1997. All rights reserved.The information contained herein is the property of EUROCONTROL and/orof third parties (such as airlines) and no part may be reproduced or usedexcept as authorised by written permission of EUROCONTROL. Thecopyright, the foregoing restriction and use extend to all media in which theinformation is embodied.

IMPORTANT NOTICE: Information contained in this document does notnecessarily engage the responsibility or reflect the official position ofEUROCONTROL. While EUROCONTROL aims to keep this informationaccurate, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Errors brought toEUROCONTROL’s attention shall be corrected. This report shall beconsidered only as an informative document on delays to air transport inEurope.

Central Office forDelay Analysis

EUROCONTROL

Rue de la Fusée, 96B - 1130 BrusselsTel. : + 32-2-729 35 74Fax : + 32-2-729 90 03E-Mail : [email protected] :BRUAT7X



EUROCONTROL / ECAC 5 CODA

Table of Contents

Page

Summary Overview 7-10

Year on Year Trend of Main Indicators 11-13

Graphic Representation of Correlation of the Three Data Sources 14

Comparative Trends of ATFM Average Delay per Movement 15

Percentage Evolution of Industry Delay Causes by Category 16

Industry Delay Causes for 1998 (in percent) 17

Delay Share by Country 18-20

Graphic Representation of Flights within 15 Minutes of Schedule 21

Annexes

Annex 1 : Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations 22

Annex 2: Tables of Most Dense and Penalised airports/Flows 23-26

Annex 3 : Standard IATA Delay Codes 27-28



EUROCONTROL \ ECAC 7 CODA

1. SUMMARY OVERVIEW

Introduction

Before discussing the delay situation in 1998, it is appropriate to recall,briefly, the delay situation in the previous year. Total departures in theECAC region increased by 6% in 1997, when compared with 1996,with a corresponding increase in restricted traffic and delayed flights.The amount of delay caused by the imposition of ATFM measures,however, remained at the 1996 level. This meant that there weresignificant reductions in both the Average delay per Movement and theAverage Delay per Delayed Flight in 1997, compared with 1996.

ATFM Data1

There was again strong growth in air traffic in the ECAC regionthroughout 1998, with an annual increase of 5.5%, when comparedwith 1997. This meant that there were, on average, an extra elevenhundred movements per day, the equivalent to the opening of anotherairport the same size as that of the second largest in the ECAC area.As was the case last year, London/Heathrow was still the busiestairport in 1998, but its greatest rivals such as Paris/Charles de Gaulle,Frankfurt and Amsterdam, all grew more quickly. All the major traffic-generating countries saw an increase in traffic with the exception ofCopenhagen/Kastrup, Cologne and Berlin/Tegel, which had decreasesof between 1-2%. It should also be mentioned that the traffic level inOctober was again one of the highest of the year, confirming the trendthat the so-called shoulder months now start with November.

Although in 1997 the traffic increased by 6%, the amount of delaycaused by the imposition of ATFM measures remained essentially thesame. In 1998, however, the picture changed dramatically with ATFMdelay increasing by more than 30% over the 1997 levels. This alsoresulted in very large increases in both Average Delay per Movementand Average Delay per Delayed Flight. It is worth noting that while thenumber of flights delayed by ATFM measures increased by 16% thenumber of flights delayed by more than 15 minutes increased by 28%,and the number of flights delayed by 60 minutes or more nearlydoubled. These increases were not across the board but variedconsiderably over the year with significant reductions in delay levelsfrom January to March and very large increases for the rest of the year.One of the reasons why the delay situation in 1997 was stable was thealmost total lack of industrial action or staff shortages, whereas in 1998

1 See note in the Foreword



there was hardly a single month without some sort of dispute or staffshortage.

Graphs of year on year trends of the main indicators, which illustratesome of the points made above, are given on pages 11-13.

ATFM delays put in place to protect airports because of lack ofcapacity, parking problems, low visibility procedures etc., have nowbecome both a significant and permanent cause of delay. During 1998delays due to these restrictions was 21% of all ATFM delay in theECAC region, an increase of 2% on 1997. The number of flightsaffected by these restrictions and the number delayed wereconsiderably less than last year. While delays of more than 15 minutesrose by only 4% whereas delays of one hour or more increased bymore than 60%. This means that while there were fewer flights delayedthis year, those delayed were delayed longer.Amsterdam airport, with an increase of over half a million minutes ofdelay, Nice and Iraklion had the largest increase in actual amount ofdelay incurred. On a percentage basis the largest increases were atBasle/Mulhouse, Canary Island airports, Oslo and Makedonia. It shouldbe mentioned that Amsterdam, Nice and Oslo were affected by theintroduction of new systems or new airports. On the plus side therewere a number of airports that saw significant improvements. Theseincluded Dusseldorf, Cologne, Madrid/Barajas, Barcelona and theLondon airports.

When looking at the delays to departing traffic there are two aspects toconsider and the first of these is the delay levels at the departureairports2. The worst affected airport by far was Athens with an AverageDelay per Movement of more than 11 minutes (ranging from less than 1minute in the winter months to 30 minutes in August) followed byMilan/Malpensa, Palma and Amsterdam. The second aspect toconsider is how each airport has faired compared with last year. Mostof the major airports saw increases in both Average Delay permovement and Total Delay with the largest increases being atAmsterdam followed by Milan/Malpensa, Brussels and Frankfurt. Someof largest percentage increases over last year were at airports in theNordic states with London/Luton and London/Stansted also beingseriously affected. Only two airports had significant decreases,Madrid/Barajas and Marseille/Provence.

Destination traffic at the vast majority of the busiest airports sawincreases in both Total Delay and Average Delay per Movement.Athens again was the worst affected closely followed by Milan/Linate,Amsterdam and Nice. Once again some of the largest percentageincreases were at airports in the Nordic States but with large increasesalso in Amsterdam, Basle/Mulhouse, and London/Stansted. Madrid and

2 It must be emphasised that these are ATFM delays to flights departing from/arrivingat these airports and does not necessarily imply that these delays are due to action atthe airports themselves.



Marseille again had significant decreases as did Barcelona andParis/Orly. London/Heathrow also saw reductions but at a somewhatlower level than the others.

Unlike in 1997, where pairs with destination either Paris/Charles deGaulle or London/Heathrow dominated the list of the most badlyaffected city pairs, in 1998 there was a much wider spread of airports.The most badly affected city pairs in 1998 were Palma-Dusseldorf,Copenhagen/Kastrup-Paris/Charles de Gaulle, Athens-Iraklion andBrussels-Madrid. Pairs that had the highest increase in the amount ofdelay imposed included London/Heathrow-Amsterdam, Zurich-Geneva,Makedonia-Athens and Paris/Orly-Nice. Madrid/Barajas-Barcelona,Barcelona-Madrid/Barajas, Paris/Orly-Marseille/Provence on the otherhand had significant decreases in delay levels.

More detailed information on the most busy airports, most penalisedairports and most penalised flows between city pairs is given in Annex2 (pages 23-26)

Countries with the highest levels of traffic using its airspace (includingoverflights) included France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Thehighest number of delayed flights was in Greece where 24% of allflights were delayed. France and Switzerland with 14% and the UnitedKingdom were the worst of the rest. Based on the location of the mostpenalising regulations, France imposed by far the largest amount ofdelay on flights using its airspace followed by Greece and the UnitedKingdom. The largest increases in the amount of delay imposed wereon flights using Greek or Swiss airspace. In percentage terms the mostsignificant increases were in Switzerland, Greece, the Netherlands andthe United Kingdom. Other countries did have higher percentageincreases, but as their delay levels were very much lower theseincreases only had a limited impact on the overall situation. This doesnot mean of course that these delays should be ignored, far from it -they need to be monitored to see if the strong upward trend continuesinto 1999. Not all was doom and gloom with Turkey, Hungary, Denmarkand Spain all having significant decreases in the amount of delayimposed. While France had the highest amount of delay, when trafficlevels were taken into account then Greece with an Average Delay perMovement of 9 minutes is by far the worst with France at 3 minutes andthe Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Italy at 2 minutes a long waybehind.

Airline Data

An analysis of the AEA All Stations data shows that there have beensignificant increases in all delay indicators when compared to the 1997levels. The Average Delay per Movement, for all causes of delay, at 13minutes was 10% up on last year, with the percentage of flightsdelayed increasing by 7%. Both arrivals and departures delayed by 15minutes or more increased by more than 10%. The Average Delay per



Movement varied widely between the nineteen airports, ranging from 7minutes at Dusseldorf to 21 minutes at Athens. Most of the airports sawincreases in Average Delay with largest increases at Stockholm,Brussels, Amsterdam and Athens. Gatwick and Dusseldorf were theonly airports to have a significant decrease.

Average delay due to ATC only (codes 81+89) went up from 2.8minutes in 1997 to 3.4 minutes in 1998, an increase of 22%. This wasin line with the increase seen in the ATFM delay from the CFMU data.These average delays varied considerably, from 1 minute atCopenhagen to almost 9 minutes at Athens. Most of the airports hadincreases with only Istanbul, Gatwick and Madrid having decreases.

An analysis of the delay causes grouped by IATA categories showedthat most of the categories had increases in 1998 with the exception ofCargo & Mail and Weather. The most significant direct delay cause in1998 was ATC En-Route with 22% of the delay, up from 19% in 1997.The other major causes of delay were Technical & Aircraft Equipment,Airport & Government (without the ATC portion) and Passengers &Baggage. A graph, showing the delay share by category for 1998, isgiven on page 17.

The Reactionary category remains the single largest group of delaycause. This is an aggregate of secondary delays resulting from the latearrival of inbound aircraft due to any one or more of the primarycauses.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ATFM DELAY CAUSES

⇒ Significant increase in industrial action. There was some form ofaction in almost every month.

⇒ Staff shortages, either from insufficient basic resources or fromsickness. Some sickness was a form of industrial action.

⇒ There was considerable disruption due to the moving/opening ofnew centres such as in Geneva and Amsterdam. Other causes werethe re-sectorisation of the airspace in Aix-en-Provence, the NordicStates and Madrid; the opening of the new airport in Oslo and on theofficial opening of Milan/Malpensa. The non-availability of the newGreek ATC Centre before the summer rush also had a verysignificant impact on delay.

⇒ Other factors, besides technical failures, have been a number ofsporting or cultural activities, such as the world cup in France, and anumber of military exercises

⇒ The weather also played a part, especially during the summermonths, but was, overall, less of a problem than last year.

Year on Year Trend of Delays to Air transportATFM Main Indicators Annual Report 1998


Source : CFMU ATFM Data

Total Departures in the ECAC Region

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jne Jly Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Num

ber

of F

light

s

96 97 98

Number of Flights Regulated by ATFM

60000

120000

180000

240000


Num

ber

of F

light

s

96 97 98

Number of Flights Delayed by ATFM Regulations

25000

75000

125000

175000


Num

ber

of F

light

s

96 97 98




Percentage of Flights Delayed due to ATFM Regulations

0

5

10

15

20

25


Per

cent

96 97 98

Average ATFM Delay per Movement (ADM)

0

2

4

6


Min

utes

96 97 98

Average ATFM Delay per Delayed Flight (ADD)

0

10

20

30


Min

utes

96 97 98




Distribution of Total Flights by Length of Delay

8 5 . 4 %

7.6%

4 . 6 %

2 . 0 %0 . 4 %

8 4 . 0 %

7.5%

5.2%

2 . 6 %0.7%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

0-4 5-15 16-30 31-60 >60

Perce

ntage

of Fl

ights

1997 1998

ATFM Main Indicators Delays to Air transportAnnual Report 1998


Delays to Air transportAnnual Report 1998


COMPARATIVE TRENDS OF MONTHLYAVERAGE DELAY PER MOVEMENT

ALL CAUSES AND ATC (IATA codes 81 & 89)(Sources : AEA, CFMU & IATA)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Jan-98

Feb-98

Mar-98

Apr-98

May-98

Jun-98

Jul-98

Aug-98

Sep-98

Oct-98

Nov-98

Dec-98

Ave

rage

Del

ay p

er M

ovem

ent

(AD

M in

min

utes

)

All Causes (AEA) ATC (CFMU)ATC (AEA) ATC (IATA)

The Definitions of Delay aregiven in the Forew ord

Comparison of Industry Delays to Air transportDelay Causes Annual Report 1998


Percentage Evolution of Industry Delay Causes by Category ( Source : AEA All Stations Data)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Jan1998

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

ATC En-Rte(Code 81)

ATC Ground(Code 89)

Other (Codes 00-09)

Reactionary (Codes 91-99)

Apt+Gov-ATC(Codes 82-88)

Weather(Codes 71-79)

Flt Ops(Codes 61-69)

A/C Damage etc.(Codes 51-59)

Tech+A/C Eq(Codes 41-49)

A/C+Ramp(Codes 31-39)

Cargo+Mail(Codes 21-29)

Pass + Bag.(Codes 11-19)

Comparison of Industry Delays to Air transportDelay Causes Annual Report 1998








based on most penalized regulations

Overall 1998 Traffic Volumeand ADM for ATFM reasons

Source : CFMU

TrafficVolume

2,300

Total Flights

ADMin minutes

0.0 - 0.49 (13)0.5 - 0.99 (5)1.5 - 1.99 (3)2.0 - 2.49 (2)2.5 - 2.99 (2)9 (1)



Delay Indicator : Percentage of Flights Departing / Arrivingwithin 15 minutes of Schedule

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Jan-98

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Per

cent

Departures Arrivals

Based on AEA All Stations Data for 22 Reporting Airlines

Annex 1 Delays to Air transportAnnual Report 1997


Delay Parameter Abbreviations and Glossary of Terms

Delay Parameter Abbreviations

TTF Total FlightsTRF Total Regulated FlightsTDF Total Delayed Flights

PRF Percentage of Regulated FlightsPDF Percentage of Delayed Flights

TDM Total Delay in Minutes

ADM Average Delay per MovementADR Average Delay per Regulated FlightADD Average Delay per Delayed Flight

Glossary of Terms

AEA Association of European Airlines

ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management

ATS Air Traffic Services

CFMU Central Flow Management Unit

CODA Central Office for Delay Analysis

EATCHIP European Air traffic Control Harmonisation and Integration Program

ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference

EDAS European Delay Analysis System

EURACA European Air Carrier Assembly

IACA International Air Carrier Association

IATA International Air Transport Association

Annex 2 Delays to Air TransportAnnual Report 1998


Most Busy Departure Airports ranked by Total Flights

Airport Total Delayed % of Delayed Total Flights Av.Delay/ Av.Delay/ Flights Flights Flights Delay Delayed Delayed Flt Movement (TTF) (TDF) (PDF) (TDM) > 60 mins (ADD) (ADM)

London/Heathrow 226,063 66,809 38,184 696,778 885 18.3 3.08Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 217,078 88,472 48,904 922,346 907 18.9 4.25Frankfurt 208,852 66,805 39,412 761,907 897 19.3 3.65Amsterdam 194,328 100,021 59,780 1,276,448 1812 21.4 6.57Brussels 146,221 71,956 41,822 813,468 985 19.5 5.56Munich 138,489 45,242 26,985 525,370 604 19.5 3.79Zurich 137,166 57,328 35,740 679,220 673 19.0 4.95Madrid/Barajas 136,143 43,053 26,669 687,997 1706 25.8 5.05Stockholm/Arlanda 134,292 22,454 13,576 319,395 831 23.5 2.38Copenhagen/Kastrup 133,874 26,734 15,433 314,814 585 20.4 2.35Rome/Fiumicino 130,487 36,680 22,667 490,546 722 21.6 3.76London/Gatwick 126,105 40,540 25,095 508,314 749 20.3 4.03Paris/Orly 124,314 39,389 21,125 380,681 427 18.0 3.06Barcelona 110,798 31,185 19,725 477,523 1031 24.2 4.31Dusseldorf 93,227 44,490 27,730 549,290 602 19.8 5.89Vienna 91,669 24,596 15,017 314,957 574 21.0 3.44Istanbul/Ataturk 89,238 12,906 8,042 173,940 304 21.6 1.95Manchester 87,616 26,963 16,688 364,187 698 21.8 4.16Milan/Linate 86,664 34,581 21,165 442,952 615 20.9 5.11Palma De Mallorca 79,437 29,437 20,662 553,294 1071 26.8 6.97Helsinki-Vantaa 79,337 12,219 8,035 181,814 324 22.6 2.29Dublin 75,952 14,459 8,375 160,027 269 19.1 2.11Cologne/Bonn 71,316 20,087 11,925 233,998 304 19.6 3.28Athens 70,545 32,609 24,277 801,545 3195 33.0 11.36Nice 70,034 27,830 16,777 355,816 538 21.2 5.08Hamburg 69,199 20,213 12,815 262,183 359 20.5 3.79Oslo/Fornebu 66,287 8,424 4,969 99,901 146 20.1 1.51Geneva 64,473 33,139 19,863 390,793 503 19.7 6.06London/Stansted 62,273 17,699 11,413 233,508 341 20.5 3.75Stuttgart 60,420 19,328 11,292 234,039 372 20.7 3.87Berlin-Tegel 59,355 14,144 8,511 171,775 222 20.2 2.89Lyon/Sartolas 54,860 21,857 12,285 239,767 295 19.5 4.37Lisbon 49,359 16,944 10,772 227,831 305 21.2 4.62Marseille/Provence 48,389 15,493 8,305 155,675 226 18.7 3.22Birmingham 47,933 12,318 7,416 155,027 285 20.9 3.23Glasgow 46,489 6,893 4,340 97,347 176 22.4 2.09Basle/Mulhouse 45,855 18,343 11,034 221,564 322 20.1 4.83Las Palmas 45,143 10,180 6,732 157,048 180 23.3 3.48Toulouse/Blagnac 42,895 12,546 6,772 134,623 201 19.9 3.14Edinburgh 42,894 6,131 3,644 74,091 119 20.3 1.73Prague/Ruzyne 39,361 10,947 7,181 158,795 244 22.1 4.03Milan/Malpensa 38,641 16,970 12,198 310,924 673 25.5 8.05Warsaw/Okecie 37,886 7,267 4,360 95,349 176 21.9 2.52Hanover 37,267 13,022 8,306 178,440 256 21.5 4.79Malaga 35,768 11,235 7,499 181,896 324 24.3 5.09Bergen/Flesland 35,281 2,717 1,806 49,072 159 27.2 1.39Budapest/Ferihegy 34,242 11,301 7,023 152,034 271 21.7 4.44Nurenberg 33,547 8,507 4,854 103,253 207 21.3 3.08New York 32,485 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.00Gotenborg/Landvetter 32,327 8,922 5,606 140,793 425 25.1 4.36

Source : CFMU DATA



Most Penalised Departure Airports (with more than 30,000 flights / year)

Ranked by Average Delay per Movement



Athens 70545 24277 34 801545 3195 33.0 11.36Milan/Malpensa 38641 12198 32 310924 673 25.5 8.05Palma De Mallorca 79437 20662 26 553294 1071 26.8 6.97Amsterdam 194328 59780 31 1276448 1812 21.4 6.57Geneva 64473 19863 31 390793 503 19.7 6.06Dusseldorf 93227 27730 30 549290 602 19.8 5.89Brussels 146221 41822 29 813468 985 19.5 5.56Milan/Linate 86664 21165 24 442952 615 20.9 5.11Malaga 35768 7499 21 181896 324 24.3 5.09Nice 70034 16777 24 355816 538 21.2 5.08Madrid/Barajas 136143 26669 20 687997 1706 25.8 5.05Zurich 137166 35740 26 679220 673 19.0 4.95Basle/Mulhouse 45855 11034 24 221564 322 20.1 4.83Hanover 37267 8306 22 178440 256 21.5 4.79Lisbon 49359 10772 22 227831 305 21.2 4.62Budapest/Ferihegy 34242 7023 21 152034 271 21.7 4.44Lyon/Sartolas 54860 12285 22 239767 295 19.5 4.37Gotenborg/Landvetter 32327 5606 17 140793 425 25.1 4.36Barcelona 110798 19725 18 477523 1031 24.2 4.31Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 217078 48904 23 922346 907 18.9 4.25Manchester 87616 16688 19 364187 698 21.8 4.16London/Gatwick 126105 25095 20 508314 749 20.3 4.03Prague/Ruzyne 39361 7181 18 158795 244 22.1 4.03London/Luton 31718 5749 18 127160 241 22.1 4.01Stuttgart 60420 11292 19 234039 372 20.7 3.87Munich 138489 26985 19 525370 604 19.5 3.79Hamburg 69199 12815 19 262183 359 20.5 3.79Rome/Fiumicino 130487 22667 17 490546 722 21.6 3.76London/Stansted 62273 11413 18 233508 341 20.5 3.75Oslo/Gardermoen 31006 4129 13 113797 340 27.6 3.67Frankfurt 208852 39412 19 761907 897 19.3 3.65Las Palmas 45143 6732 15 157048 180 23.3 3.48Vienna 91669 15017 16 314957 574 21.0 3.44Cologne/Bonn 71316 11925 17 233998 304 19.6 3.28Birmingham 47933 7416 15 155027 285 20.9 3.23Marseille/Provence 48389 8305 17 155675 226 18.7 3.22Toulouse/Blagnac 42895 6772 16 134623 201 19.9 3.14London/Heathrow 226063 38184 17 696778 885 18.3 3.08



Most Penalised Destination Airports (with more than 30,000 Flights/year)


Source :CFMU ATFM Data


Athens 70585 20103 28 637825 2525 31.7 9.04Milan/Linate 86600 32593 38 696763 718 21.4 8.05Amsterdam 194908 58532 30 1553593 5062 26.5 7.97Nice 69846 23981 34 533313 937 22.2 7.64Oslo/Gardermoen 31061 7067 23 201365 716 28.5 6.48New York 31621 8492 27 194338 274 22.9 6.15Palma De Mallorca 79105 18460 23 474436 780 25.7 6.00Basle/Mulhouse 45570 14104 31 270453 232 19.2 5.93Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 215007 56217 26 1233924 2172 22.0 5.74Geneva 64628 18473 29 351353 355 19.0 5.44London/Heathrow 225927 59064 26 1197848 1666 20.3 5.30London/Gatwick 125980 27973 22 604506 913 21.6 4.80Malaga 35570 6676 19 167063 315 25.0 4.70Milan/Malpensa 38518 7293 19 180681 453 24.8 4.69Zurich 137043 35530 26 639280 762 18.0 4.66London/Stansted 62565 14607 23 291751 305 20.0 4.66Dusseldorf 93365 22501 24 435031 451 19.3 4.66London/Luton 31902 6537 20 146922 221 22.5 4.61Madrid/Barajas 135732 27477 20 608027 1247 22.1 4.48Las Palmas 44297 8161 18 195024 284 23.9 4.40Barcelona 110897 21763 20 472754 844 21.7 4.26Paris/Orly 124271 28298 23 520486 697 18.4 4.19Brussels 145966 28615 20 580879 1022 20.3 3.98Birmingham 48235 10013 21 191225 167 19.1 3.96Lisbon 48724 8849 18 181646 192 20.5 3.73Lyon/Sartolas 54846 10971 20 203987 180 18.6 3.72Manchester 87489 15135 17 323388 437 21.4 3.70Hanover 37344 6116 16 123582 176 20.2 3.31Budapest/Ferihegy 33824 5535 16 111480 204 20.1 3.30Vienna 91576 14851 16 285566 436 19.2 3.12Rome/Fiumicino 129790 20887 16 390247 541 18.7 3.01Munich 138802 21293 15 410081 609 19.3 2.95Moskva/Sheremetyevo 34400 4022 12 99263 251 24.7 2.89Stuttgart 60842 8498 14 175193 290 20.6 2.88Gotenborg/Landvetter 32314 3441 11 87233 304 25.4 2.70Frankfurt 207478 26403 13 556877 864 21.1 2.68Stockholm/Arlanda 134421 17582 13 356244 797 20.3 2.65Marseille/Provence 48322 6600 14 124736 118 18.9 2.58Cologne/Bonn 71664 9414 13 179104 197 19.0 2.50Nurenberg 33964 3701 11 84508 193 22.8 2.49Prague/Ruzyne 39465 4853 12 96939 134 20.0 2.46Hamburg 69765 8284 12 161365 223 19.5 2.31Berlin-Tegel 59385 6953 12 132870 170 19.1 2.24Copenhagen/Kastrup 133624 14771 11 293287 538 19.9 2.19Toulouse/Blagnac 42794 4925 12 90234 102 18.3 2.11Istanbul/Ataturk 85497 7553 9 171931 370 22.8 2.01Helsinki-Vantaa 79235 6765 9 150955 257 22.3 1.91Dublin 75801 7292 10 133483 136 18.3 1.76Glasgow 46594 3444 7 73522 126 21.4 1.58Warsaw/Okecie 37809 2653 7 54153 97 20.4 1.43



Most Penalised City Pairs (with more than 3,000 Flights /year)


Source : CFMU Data

From To Total Delayed % of Delayed Total Av.Delay/ Av. Delay/Flights Flights Flights Delay Delayed Flt Movement (TTF) (TDF) (PDF) (TDM) (ADD) (ADM)

Palma De Mallorca Dusseldorf 3434 2049 60 52529 25.6 15.30Copenhagen/Kastrup Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 3133 1901 61 41249 21.7 13.17Dusseldorf Palma De Mallorca 3389 1899 56 43426 22.9 12.81Athens Iraklion/Nikos/Kazantzakis 4117 1268 31 50894 40.1 12.36Brussels Madrid/Barajas 3764 1935 51 40614 21.0 10.79Iraklion/Nikos/Kazantzakis Athens 4008 1121 28 42908 38.3 10.71Munich Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 3867 2061 53 41007 19.9 10.60Zurich London/Heathrow 4286 2331 54 44361 19.0 10.35Milan/Linate London/Heathrow 3914 2000 51 40474 20.2 10.34Munich London/Heathrow 3720 1919 52 37606 19.6 10.11Manchester Amsterdam 4293 1435 33 43255 30.1 10.08Vienna Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 3480 1749 50 35056 20.0 10.07Athens Makedonia 7597 2012 26 74506 37.0 9.81Brussels Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 3739 1651 44 35201 21.3 9.41Diagoras Athens 3057 736 24 28572 38.8 9.35Rome/Fiumicino London/Heathrow 4027 1916 48 37450 19.6 9.30Makedonia Athens 7603 1895 25 68942 36.4 9.07Zurich Amsterdam 3855 1664 43 34910 21.0 9.06Brussels Milan/Linate 3069 1478 48 27522 18.6 8.97Amsterdam London/Heathrow 8659 3528 41 77532 22.0 8.95Brussels Barcelona 3189 1472 46 28451 19.3 8.92Amsterdam Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 5257 2193 42 46390 21.2 8.82Copenhagen/Kastrup London/Heathrow 3744 1705 46 32459 19.0 8.67Stockholm/Arlanda London/Heathrow 3550 1503 42 30711 20.4 8.65Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle Milan/Linate 4441 1949 44 37425 19.2 8.43Geneva London/Heathrow 3313 1489 45 27549 18.5 8.32Frankfurt London/Heathrow 6211 2751 44 51525 18.7 8.30Zurich Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 3821 1665 44 30762 18.5 8.05London/Heathrow Amsterdam 8816 2332 26 70933 30.4 8.05Birmingham Amsterdam 3255 853 26 25892 30.4 7.95Amsterdam Birmingham 3255 1355 42 25146 18.6 7.73Frankfurt Amsterdam 3398 962 28 26227 27.3 7.72Frankfurt Milan/Linate 3324 1403 42 25595 18.2 7.70London/Heathrow Milan/Linate 3913 1660 42 30084 18.1 7.69London/Gatwick Amsterdam 3020 796 26 22946 28.8 7.60Zurich Geneva 5775 2242 39 42538 19.0 7.37Amsterdam London/Gatwick 3244 1259 39 23745 18.9 7.32Nice Geneva 3287 1286 39 23942 18.6 7.28Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle Nice 3279 1066 33 23801 22.3 7.26Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle Zurich 3832 1721 45 27509 16.0 7.18Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle Cologne/Bonn 3023 1190 39 21450 18.0 7.10Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle Vienna 3481 1503 43 24559 16.3 7.06Frankfurt Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 4553 1541 34 31578 20.5 6.94Cologne/Bonn Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 3118 1095 35 21611 19.7 6.93Rome/Fiumicino Milan/Linate 13212 4115 31 88728 21.6 6.72Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle Munich 3677 1421 39 24372 17.2 6.63Amsterdam Zurich 3843 1404 37 24979 17.8 6.50Madrid/Barajas Paris/Charles-De-Gaulle 3670 1018 28 23488 23.1 6.40Geneva Nice 3292 1042 32 20442 19.6 6.21Milan/Linate Frankfurt 3324 1091 33 20270 18.6 6.10

Annex 3 Delays to Air Transport in Europe

Standard IATA Delay Codes

EUROCONTROL / ECAC 27 - CODA

Others

00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME

Passenger and Baggage

11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestion in check-in area13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing

personal items17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc.

Cargo and Mail

21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc.22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only)28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only)29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)

Aircraft and Ramp Handling

31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, paxmanifest, etc.

32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback

Technical and Aircraft Equipment

41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS.42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release.43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal

maintenance schedule.44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown.45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station.46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons.47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons.48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure

51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweightlanding, collision during taxiing

52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loadingdamage, contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions

55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS

Annex 3 Delays to Air transportAnnual Report 1997


Flight Operations and Crewing

61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and

standby (flight deck or entire crew)64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations,

crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc.65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than

connection and standby67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew

meals, valid visa, health documents, etc.68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary

Weather

71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding

unserviceability of equipment76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

Airport and Governmental Authorities

81 (AT) AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES, flow restrictions, slots, industrial action82 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY83 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH84 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate

limitations, etc.85 (AR) RESTRICTIONS AT DEPARTURE AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to

obstructions, industrial action, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, specialflights

87 (AA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to

obstructions, industrial action, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, specialflights

89 (AM) ATC/GROUND MOVEMENT CONTROL, including start-up and pushback and industrialaction

Reactionary

91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew)96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for

reasons other than technical

Miscellaneous

97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above

SOURCE: IATA AIRPORT HANDLING MANUAL

Documents

Annual report 1998 - EUROCONTROLAnnual Report 1998 EUROCONTROL \ ECAC 7 CODA 1. SUMMARY OVERVIEW Introduction Before discussing the delay situation in 1998, it is appropriate to recall,