© 2002 EUROCONTROL 1 ‘ One Sky for Europe’ EUROCONTROL European Runway Safety Survey P. Wilson EUROCONTROL

© 2002 EUROCONTROL 1

‘One Sky for Europe’

EUROCONTROL

European Runway SafetySurvey

P. Wilson

EUROCONTROL



EUROCONTROL

The Problem of Runway Incursions in Europe



EUROCONTROL

EUROCONTROL

The main objectives of EUROCONTROL are

to harmonise and integrate

Air Navigation Services in Europe, aiming at

the creation of a European Air Traffic

Management System,

to achieve the safe, orderly, expeditious and

economic flow of air traffic throughout

Europe.



EUROCONTROL

2000 2020

DIVISION DED 4 - 4/11/97

Traffic Growth 113 0 0

10 9 8 010 6 6 0

10 3 4 0

10 0 2 0

9 7 0 0

9 3 9 79 0 9 4

8 9 4 8

8 6 6 88 3 8 1

8 0 8 9

7 7 14

7 3 3 3

6 2 0 4

2 2 7 4

6 6 18

6 9 7 1

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Statistics - Forecast

• Traffic : increased threefoldover last 25 years.

• Baseline forecasts : steady growth of 4% per annum.

• Traffic demand : expected to doubleover next 20 years.

1974 2000



EUROCONTROL

FinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLatviaLithuania

LuxembourgMaltaMoldovaMonacoThe NetherlandsThe former Yugoslav -Republic of MacedoniaNorwayPolandPortugal

ECAC States (38)AlbaniaArmeniaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstonia

RomaniaSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUkraineUnited Kingdom



EUROCONTROL

Investigated Runway Incursions

Data collected through:

MANDATORY REPORTING SCHEME

and

INTERVIEWS of 12 European Airports



EUROCONTROL

Risk of Runway Incursions

1

10

100

Nu

mb

er O

f R

un

way

Incu

rsio

ns

Per

1,0

00,0

00 O

per

atio

ns

Rate of Runway Incursions in 9 different European airports



EUROCONTROL

Severity distribution of reported Runway Incursions

Significant Potential

5%

Good Potential

30%

Fair Potential

34%

Little or no Potential

31%

CATEGORY A

CATEGORY B

CATEGORY C

CATEGORY D

Source: Mandatory Reporting Scheme



EUROCONTROL

Occurrence Types Related to Runway Operations

Pilot Deviations

44%Operational Errors

30%

Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations

26%

Source: Mandatory Reporting Scheme



EUROCONTROL

Occurrence Types Related to Runway Operations

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Pilot Deviations Operational Errors Vehicle/PedestrianDeviations

3 Airports feedback

Mandatory Scheme



EUROCONTROL

The Perception of Runway Incursions Risk



EUROCONTROL

Pilots and ATCO perceptions

Outcomes of the Questionnaire...



EUROCONTROL

Risk Perception (I)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

decreased remained about thesame

increased

ATCOPilots

Within the last year, do you think the number of Runway Incursion has...



EUROCONTROL

Risk Perception (II)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Highest Medium range Lowest

ATCO

Pilots

How would you rank “Runway Incursion” among other runway safety concerns ...



EUROCONTROL

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

RT phraseology Languageproficiency

ATC procedures Vehicleprocedures

Pilot procedures

Pilots ATCOs

What in your opinion was a contributing cause ? (I)



EUROCONTROL

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Aerodromelayout

Aerodromesigns

Aerodromelighting

Aerodromedocumentation

Pavementmarkings

Pilots ATCOs

What in your opinion was a contributing cause ? (II)



EUROCONTROL

To summarise ...

AVAILABILITY of data: few available data at the time of the survey (no reporting scheme or reluctance to share information?)

Approach for ANALYSIS: difficult to combine data (no harmonised approach)

Underlying CAUSAL FACTORS: difficult to understand why Runway Incursion occurs



EUROCONTROL

Task Force to develop recommendations

GASR - EUROCONTROL - ICAO - JAA - IATA -

IFATCA - IFALPA - ACI - IAOPA - AEA - ERA - ECA

Not locked into cycle of continuous data collection Time scales short

short term - End Jan 2003 medium term - Jan 2004 long term - Jan 2005

Majority of recommendations complete by Jan 2003



EUROCONTROL

RECOMMENDATIONS

GENERAL AREAS1 Awareness

2 Data Collection

3 Communications

4 Procedures and working methods (PILOT/ATC/Driver

5 Annex 14

6 Airport Aeronautical Information

7 New Technologies

8 Human Factors

9 Regulatory



EUROCONTROL

1 Awareness Establish a local joint team (ATC/Aircrew/Airport) Achieve Standardisation through ICAO

Provisions Establish a Runway Safety Programme General Awareness campaign by Task Force Dedicated local awareness campaigns Implement a Safety Management System (SMS) Introduce Runway Safety into SMS to identify

risks & mitigation Promotion of Recommendations



EUROCONTROL

2 Data Collection and Lesson learning Improve data collection - standard

reporting/investigation Standard agreed definitions All data to be collected in data base for trend

analysis Non punitive reporting systems Local Runway Safety Survey to be conducted (as

per SMS) to identify hazards Disseminate disidentified details of

incidents/occurrence's both European wide/locally



EUROCONTROL

3 Communications Confirm use of standard ICAO phraseology Explicit runway crossing clearances Read back Runway crossing on single frequency Clarify rules associated with conditional

clearance R/T, language and phraseology proficiency All communications associated with runway in

English Driver training programmes introduced



EUROCONTROL

4 Procedures and Working MethodsPilot procedures - best practiceStandard taxi routes - reduce workload near runwayUse of line up and waitInspection opposite directionUse of blocker stripsUse of Capacity Enhancing ProceduresAccess of vehicles to manoeuvring areaCross runways at 90° when possible



EUROCONTROL

5 Annex 14 Confirm implementation of Annex 14 provisions -

markings/signage/lighting etc. Identify needs to enhance ground markings Implementation of Standard ICAO taxiway

naming conventions



EUROCONTROL

6 Provision of Airport Information Management Process for charts/publications for

accuracy Establish feedback mechanism with users to

detect errors Improve ergonomics of maps AIS standardisation



EUROCONTROL

7 New Technologies Consider new technologies as prevention or

safety net Moving ways/graphical displays in cockpits -

situational awareness Assessment of value of automated conflict

detection systems



EUROCONTROL

8 Human Factors Understand HF issues contributing to Runway

Safety Events TRM /CRM Use of multiple capacity enhancing procedures.



EUROCONTROL

9 Regulatory Licensing of Aerodromes - degree of

compliance Assessment of SMS systems



EUROCONTROL

Occurrences Be200Expect Crossing Clearance B747 Conditional/read back HS121 Cross runway in use (23) B747 Line Up



EUROCONTROL

Summary All States cultures/language/ATM Systems Recommendations cover most areas Result of Joint action - First in Europe European action could stop the majority of

events leading to Runway Incursion - however we are aware that to remove potential hazards completely will be very difficult

Documents

© 2002 EUROCONTROL 1 ‘ One Sky for Europe’ EUROCONTROL European Runway Safety Survey P. Wilson EUROCONTROL