ANNUAL REPORT 2016 - Food and Agriculture Organization · FAO SFE ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Page v Foreword I am pleased to present the 2016 Annual Report of the Subregional Ofﬁ ce for

ANNUAL REPORT 2016

Working towards a hunger-free Eastern Africa

of the SUBREGIONAL OFFICE FOR EASTERN AFRICA of the FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

FAO SFE ANNUAL REPORT 2016

Page ii ©FAO/Giulio Napolitano

ADDIS ABABA, 2017

ANNUAL REPORT 2016

Working towards a hunger-free Eastern Africa

of the SUBREGIONAL OFFICE FOR EASTERN AFRICA of the FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS


The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specifi c companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

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Photo cover: ©FAO/Giulio Napolitano.


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CONTENTS

Foreword

Abbreviations v

vi

INTRODUCTION 1

REGIONAL INITIATIVE 1: AFRICA’S COMMITMENT TO END HUNGER BY 2025

• Forging strong partnerships to end hunger In Eastern Africa 4

• Advancing school feeding for better nutrition and educational outcomes 6

• Supporting refugees and host communities to ensure food and nutrition security 7

• Working towards ending hunger in the Horn of Africa 8

REGIONAL INITIATIVE 2: SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION

AND VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA

• Intensifying crop production and productivity 10

• Advancing fi sheries and aquaculture to improve the well-being of communities 14

• Enhancing incomes and livelihoods through livestock development 15

• Ensuring sustainable agriculture through natural resources management 17

• Promoting agribusiness to increase market access and incomes 20

REGIONAL INITIATIVE 3: BUILDING RESILIENCE IN AFRICA’S DRYLANDS

• Taking actions against desertifi cation 23

• Supporting resilience analysis and programming in the Horn of Africa 24

• Supporting resilience in the Horn of Africa 25

CONCLUSIONS 26


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ForewordI am pleased to present the 2016 Annual Report of the Subregional Offi ce for Eastern Africa of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO SFE). This report shares the efforts we have made towards achieving a hunger free and prosperous Eastern Africa.

Over the last two decades, FAO and its partners have continuously supported the Eastern Africa region which has shown relative improvement in the livelihoods and welfare of millions of people whose livelihoods depend on agriculture. While acknowledging

this positive trend, we are also aware that millions of families in our region are still suffering from poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition. The recurrent droughts together with natural resource degradation and confl icts have negatively affected food and agriculture production and rural livelihoods thus rendering the subregion the most food insecure part of Africa in the year 2016.

The year under review has been full of challenges for FAO SFE and its partners. Despite these, we focused on certain opportunities in a strategic manner to support the Member States. In this regard, FAO SFE and its partners, particularly the African Union Commission (AUC), UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the East African Community (EAC), and the Member States of the subregion have joined forces to address the humanitarian emergencies, as well as medium to long-term developmental issues. This has been possible with the commitment and support of our partners, including donors. We thank them all for their continued dedication and support of FAO’s mission, programmes and services across the subregion.

The FAO SFE Annual Report for 2016 illustrates some of the progress we have made from the perspective of the three Africa Regional Initiatives of FAO which are (1) Africa’s commitment to end hunger by 2025; (2) Sustainable production intensifi cation and value chain development in Sub-Saharan Africa; and (3) Building resilience in Africa’s drylands. The Annual Report depicts joint efforts with partners to bring about sustainable and positive changes for people whose livelihoods depend heavily on the agriculture sector. Within this collaborative framework, FAO SFE provided technical assistance to Member States in numerous areas, such as crop and livestock development, forestry, fi sheries and aquaculture, nutrition, agribusiness, rural entrepreneurship and youth employment, sustainable agricultural mechanization, climate change and natural resource management.

I would like to convey and reaffi rm FAO’s commitment to the Eastern African countries to work together towards achieving a hunger free and prosperous region. This is possible in our lifetime, so let’s continue the fi ght against poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition. Please read our contribution to this effort as illustrated in this 2016 Annual Report.

Patrick Kormawa, PhD.FAO Subregional Coordinator for Eastern Africa and FAO Representative to the AU and UNECA

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ABBREVIATIONSAAD Action Against Desertifi cation AAT Animal African Trypanosomosis AICS Italian Agency for Development CooperationAUC African Union Commission CBSD Cassava Brown Streak DiseaseCCP Critical Control Points CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural ResearchCOMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern AfricaCILSS Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the SahelCMD Cassava Mosaic Disease CSA Climate-Smart AgricultureDLCO-EA Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern AfricaDREA Department of Rural Economy and AgricultureDRR Disaster Risk ReductionDSIP Development Strategy and Investment FrameworkEAC East African CommunityEAFF East Africa Farmers FederationECA Economic Commission for AfricaECAPHC East and Central Africa Plant Health CentreEPIC Economic and Policy Innovations for Climate-smart AgricultureGGWSSI Great Green Wall for the Sahara and Sahel InitiativeHACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points HGSF Home Grown School Feeding IDDRSI IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability InitiativeIGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on DevelopmentIS&R Malabo Implementation Strategy and RoadmapKISEDP Kalobeiyei Social Economic Development ProgrammeMDTs Multi-Disciplinary TeamsMLND Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease NAIPs National Agricultural Investment Plans NEPAD New Partnership on Africa’s DevelopmentPATTEC Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication CampaignPIF Policy and Investment FrameworkRAIP Regional Agriculture Investment PlanRECs Regional Economic CommunitiesSFE Subregional Offi ce for Eastern Africa RIs Regional Initiatives

SOs Strategic Objectives


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INTRODUCTION

Through its Subregional Offi ce for Eastern Africa (SFE), FAO plays a key role in the development of the agricultural sector in Eastern Africa. SFE is responsible for developing, promoting, overseeing and implementing agreed priorities for addressing country and subregional food security, nutrition, agriculture and rural development. The Offi ce also plays a very important liaison role to the African Union Commission (AUC) and the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), as well as to a large number of key development partners based in Ethiopia and the subregion.

In line with the FAO’s Strategic Objectives (SOs)* and Regional Initiatives (RIs), SFE strives to deliver tangible results in the subregion and in its member states (Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan and Uganda) in the area of agricultural productivity, natural resource management, food security and nutrition, rural development and resilience. The RIs address a main theme of the lead Strategic Programmes and related priorities at regional, subregional and country levels and inform the work of the Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) of the Subregional Offi ce. The three RIs are:

RI 1: Africa’s 2025 Zero Hunger Challenge, led by the organisational Strategic Objective 1 (SO1), calls for accelerated action by Member States in the fi ght against hunger within the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) framework.

RI 2: Sustainable Production Intensifi cation and Value Chain Development in Africa is led by the organisational Strategic Objective 2 (SO2). It takes a food systems approach with two integrated components, namely; sustainable production intensifi cation and inclusive value

chain development with special consideration to gender, youth, governance and climate change.

RI 3: Building Resilience in Africa’s Dry lands, led by the organisational Strategic Objective 5 (SO5), aims at strengthening the resilience of vulnerable livelihoods to shocks, threats and crises in Africa’s dry lands, while responding to crises when they occur.

FAO has also renewed its commitment to the countries of Eastern Africa, building on good practices and lessons learned from past experiences as a means of exploring opportunities to deliver better and provide more effective support to its partners.

This report highlights some of these efforts with the view to share with our partners what we have tried to accomplish in the year 2016.

*The fi ve SOs of FAO are: (i) Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition; (2) Make agriculture, livestock, forestry and fi sheries more productive and sustainable; (3) Reduce rural poverty; (4) Enable inclusive and effi cient agricultural and food systems; and (5) Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises.**The Regional Initiatives (RIs) address the main themes of the lead Strategic Programmes and related priorities at regional, subregional and country levels.

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REGIONAL INITIATIVE 1: AFRICA’S COMMITMENT TO END HUNGER BY 2025

Africa’s Commitment to End Hunger by 2025 aims to add value to ongoing work at country level by sharpening its focus on food security and nutrition and by identifying concrete windows of opportunity for promoting an integrated approach to food security and nutrition through better coordination, mainstreaming social protection and capacity development.



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FORGING STRONG PARTNERSHIPS TO END HUNGER IN EAST AFRICAFAO is convinced that hunger and malnutrition can be eradicated in our lifetime. To meet the Zero Hunger Challenge, political commitment and major alliances with key stakeholders are crucial. Partnerships are at the heart of FAO’s mission to help build consensus for a world without hunger. The effectiveness and credibility of the Organization as a knowledge institution and centre of excellence for technical expertise, depends on its ability to work and develop strategic partnerships. Only through effective collaboration with governments, civil society organizations (CSOs), private sector, academia, research centres and cooperatives, and making use of each other’s knowledge and comparative advantages, can food insecurity be defeated.With this principle in perspective, SFE continues to strengthen its long-standing partnerships with the African Union, its institutions, the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), the member states and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) to join hands to end hunger in the subregion. • The partnership with AUC has been

strengthened by aligning FAO’s Strategic Objectives (SOs) and Regional Initiatives

(RIs) for Africa with the AUC’s Agenda 2063 priorities, taking the Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture (DREA) as an entry point, in which inputs were provided in their 10-year action plan currently under implementation. SFE has been closely working with AUC/New Partnership on Africa’s Development (NEPAD) to advance the ideals of CAADP. The collaboration between FAO and AUC/NEPAD has advanced since the implementation of the cooperation agreement, which was signed in October 2015. This aims to provide a framework for partnership with investment plans to advance youth employment, sustainable nutrition, social protection, climate change, resilience and to reduce food losses. In the subregion, SFE has already provided technical support to fi ve countries to sign CAADP compacts and prepare their National Agricultural Investment Plans (NAIPs).

• Promoting sustainable agricultural mechanization in Africa has also been an area of focus for SFE. Furthermore, its collaboration with AUC/Department of Social Affairs in promoting school feeding programmes in Africa has shown marked advances.

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unemployment, human traffi cking) through livelihoods support programmes, data and information sharing and better program coordination. SFE has been delivering regular updates on the status of food security, nutrition and livelihood situation in the subregion to the IGAD Partners’ Working Group.

• SFE has been also working with the IGAD Secretariat and its specialized institutions to respond to the recurrent drought in the subregion. In collaboration with USAID and UNDP, FAO provided technical and fi nancial support to organize a high-level experts’ meeting to pave the way for a long term response to the drought and advocated for long-term investment for agriculture and rural development in the subregion.

• SFE engagement with the East Africa Community (EAC) to advance agricultural and rural development in the subregion was taken to a higher level in 2016. While collaboration between SFE and EAC is not new, there had been changes in terms of priorities within the two organizations and, as a result, a new foundation has been laid out for a robust partnership in the area of youth employment, climate change, value chain development, intra-regional trade and market intelligence, among other areas.

• SFE’s partnership engagement with UNECA has been strengthened to ensure a more structured and pragmatic engagement. In 2016, the two agencies identifi ed seven priority areas for enhanced partnership and collaboration, which led to the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in January 2017. The seven key areas of collaborations were: i) Sustainable agricultural and agribusiness development, and food and nutrition security; ii) Regional integration and trade; iii) Development of strategies, for policy assistance; iv) Statistics development; v) Regional Coordination Mechanism (RCM); vi) Population dynamics and urban-rural linkages; and vii) Governance.

• In 2016, FAO embarked on a wide range of partnership programmes with the IGAD. The Organization has provided direct support to IGAD’s Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI) through the implementation of cross border actions in the areas of cross-border trade, natural resource management and prevention and control of trans-boundary animal and plant pests and diseases, as well as in capacity building programmes in policy and investment.

• In addition, SFE and IGAD supported Member State’s efforts to address the root causes of forced migration (confl ict, poverty, youth

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ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE SCHOOL FEEDING FOR BETTER NUTRITION AND EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES

FAO has positioned nutrition at the centre of its agenda in Eastern Africa. Recognizing the critical importance of good nutrition to health and economic growth, SFE is promoting nutrition sensitive agriculture and food systems, as a sustainable solution to ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition including undernourishment, stunting, micronutrient defi ciencies and overweight in the subregion. In 2016, SFE took bold actions through technical cooperation program to link school feeding to local food systems and nutrition education. SFE recognizes school meals as key response to hunger, malnutrition and poverty, while improving enrolment and retention of school children.

School feeding programmes also provide an opportunity to local communities to boost their economies through value chain development, inclusive public-private partnerships and linking local production to stable and predictable market. To this effect, SFE accomplished the following:

• An assessment was conducted in four countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda) on the gaps and challenges to sustainable school food and nutrition.

• The fi ndings of this assessment contributed to the development and implementation of the sustainable school food and nutrition initiative, which was spearheaded by the 2nd AU Specialized Technical Committee on Health, Population and Drug Control, towards the realisation of the Africa Regional Nutrition Strategy (2015-2025) and the fulfi lment of the Malabo Declaration [Assembly/AU/Dec. 490-516 (XXII)] 2014 to improve nutritional status in Africa.

• SFE has developed a two year program on sustainable school food and nutrition which will be implemented in collaboration with

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AUC/NEPAD, focusing on the following activities:

• Supporting advocacy and parliamentarians dialogue for increased investment on school food and nutrition and for local farmer friendly procurement legislation in Eastern Africa;

• Strengthening school food and nutrition policies, national food-based dietary guidelines, healthy school meals guidelines, local farmer friendly procurement legislation for school foods, etc.

• Strengthening the capacities of farmers, the public and private sectors in managerial, operational and organizational skills to meet quality and standards for the supply of nutritious foods to schools.

• Developing capacities of teachers to improve nutrition education and mainstreaming agriculture and nutrition education in the curricula of primary and secondary schools.


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SUPPORTING REFUGEES AND HOST COMMUNITIES TO ENSURE FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY

FAO has been supporting the design and implementation of projects initiated by the World Bank and IFAD to ensure refugees and host communities in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda secure their own food and nutrition. The Kalobeiyei Social Economic Development Programme (KISEDP), which has been implemented in Kalobeiyei, Turkana County, Kenya, has been one these initiatives. Through this project:

• SFE has been building the capacities of host communities and refugees to increase agricultural productions through irrigation schemes, which are expected to assist 22 000 farmers for improved crop production on 438 hectares of land.

• SFE and the World Bank have collaborated in publishing the report: “Somalia’s Agricultural Growth – Challenges and Prospects”. The report analyses current performance, trends and drivers of trends, structural constraints

and growth potentials of the agricultural sector in Somalia.

• FAO developed a tool called, “Rural Invest” (RIV), and provided trainings to national technicians on the application of RIV to enable them identify, prepare and evaluate rural investment sub-projects or business proposals.




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WORKING TOWARDS ENDING HUNGER IN THE HORN OF AFRICA

Achieving zero hunger is at the heart of FAO’s work, and the Organization is working with governments and partners to mainstream food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture in public policies and programmes. To this effect, in 2016, SFE begun implementing the project, “Working Towards Ending Hunger in the Horn of Africa: Moving from Rhetoric to Action”, seeking increased productivity of family farms and improved social protection systems, which promote inclusive growth, along with well-functioning markets and governance in which all voices are heard.

Consequently, SFE brought together over 30 experts, representing food security and nutrition focal points from relevant government ministries of six East African countries, development partners, farmer organizations, research organizations, tertiary education institutions, as well as experts from the AUC. During the meeting, they mapped out a pathway to end hunger in the subregion after assessing national and subregional status of food and nutrition security. They also looked into the existing food and nutrition security policies and programs and the key priorities, including the Malabo Implementation Strategy and Roadmap (IS&R), that this program can build on.

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REGIONAL INITIATIVE 2: SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION AND VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA

This Regional Initiative is focused on sustainable intensifi cation of production and the associated measures needed to address post-production issues, including better handling, processing and distribution, improved food quality and safety, and facilitating access to markets. It also aims at creating decent job and entrepreneurship opportunities to young women and men in line with FAO’s Action Plan on “Promoting youth employment and entrepreneurship in agriculture and agribusiness in sub-Saharan Africa”.


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INTENSIFYING CROP PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY

FAO promotes sustainable crop production intensifi cation as a vehicle for optimizing production per unit area while taking into consideration a range of sustainability aspects including potential and/or actual social, political, economic and environmental impacts.

With a focus on farming system sustainability through an ecosystem approach, SFE assists Eastern African countries and regional actors in crop production intensifi cation and diversifi cation, with the aim of optimizing crop production. In this regard, in 2016 SFE achieved the following:

Technical support to develop sub regional and national programmes and projects

Seven countries in the subregion were supported to formulate full-fl edged project documents, worth over USD 50m (twenty-six of which were funded) to address El-Niño drought emergency responses, livelihood needs in the drought and confl ict affected communities, food security and resilience building, institutional capacity building and policy support, management and control

of trans-boundary plant pests and diseases, technical support to small scale irrigation and crop value chain development and early warning and response systems.

Improving desert locust control services

SFE forged partnerships with the Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa (DLCO-EA) to jointly implement a USAID-funded project titled; “Effective Emergency Desert Locust Control in Locust-prone Countries in the Horn of Africa” to improve desert locust control service delivery to the ultimate benefi ciaries. To this effect, DLCO-EA and SFE jointly organized a regional training of trainers (ToT) course on desert locust management to improve early warning, early detection and early reaction systems for desert locust control in the frontline states.

Developing and implementing national strategies for plant genetic resources

A subregional capacity development workshop was organized on “Development and Implementation of National Strategies for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Towards Climate Change Adaptation in Eastern

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Africa” and it was represented by policy makers, breeders, genetic resources management scientists and regulators. The main objective of the workshop was to support the countries to develop and implement national strategies for plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA).

Development of a strategy for crop sector development in Eastern Africa

• A consultative workshop was organized at SFE for its eight member states that i) reviewed the status of crop sector strategies and their implementation at national and subregional levels; ii) carried out SWOT analysis of subregional crop sector development; iii) identifi ed strategic issues to be addressed at subregional level; and iv) developed a logical framework for crop sector development at subregional level. Participants included senior government offi cials, crop production and/or protection experts, crop focal points at FAO country offi ces, RECs (EAC, IGAD), intergovernmental organizations (DLCO-EA) and representatives of Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).

• Priority interventions focused on fi ve strategic pillars, namely; i) enabling policy environment; ii) strengthening institutional environment; iii) enhancing crop production and productivity; iv) promoting processing and value addition; and v) improving market access. Some of the key interventions included the promotion of incentives to domestic production and supply of agricultural inputs, support to crop research and development, strengthening of the seed system and effective control of trans-boundary plant pests and diseases. Cross-cutting issues pertinent for inclusive and sustainable crop sector development in the subregion were also identifi ed. These include i) Mainstreaming climate smart agriculture (CSA) in crop production; and ii) Promoting the involvement of youth, women and other disadvantaged groups in crop production.

• This document will guide SFE’s work in support of crop sector development at the country and subregional levels in the next fi ve years (2017-2021).

Promotion of quinoa production and utilization

A technical paper on the prospects for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) production and utilization in Eastern and Southern Africa has been prepared, which shows quinoa’s potential to contribute to sustainable crop production intensifi cation and diversifi cation. Globally, quinoa is used as the main ingredient of a variety of food products including breads, pasta, cookies, breakfast cereals, snacks, edible fi lms and emulsion stabilizers with real potential for addressing malnutrition. The publication will serve as a guide on the development of national and regional initiatives to introduce, evaluate, select suitable varieties, utilize, as well as process and market quinoa in the region.

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Developing a subregional program for effective control of trans-boundary plant pests and diseases (TPPDs)

• SFE, in consultation with key stakeholders, has developed a subregional program on the prevention and control of trans-boundary plant pests and diseases (TPPDs) of three staple foods i.e. cassava, banana and maize. The three crops are so important that anything that affects their productivity signifi cantly and negatively affects the livelihoods of people in the subregion alongside the national economies. Some of the recent TPPDs in the subregion that have had a deleterious effect on crop production include the banana xanthomonas wilt disease, banana bunchy top virus, the maize lethal necrosis disease, cassava mosaic disease, cassava brown streak disease, etc.

• The strategy seeks to; i) develop regional and national policies and strategies for improved prevention, control and management of TPPDs; ii) establish a functional Eastern Africa Plant Health Centre to facilitate

regional collaboration, monitoring, risk analysis, prevention and management of TPPDs; iii) develop and strengthen surveillance and early warning networks and systems for TPPDs; iv) strengthen capacities in plant health, extension, research and seed systems for improved prevention and management; and v) validate and promote appropriate prevention, control and integrated production and pest management (IPPM) techniques.

Subregional approaches developed for controlling Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND), African Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) and Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD)

• The publication on MLND highlights the role of seed and seed transmission of MLND, diagnostic capacity in different countries, MLND phytosanitary and regulatory issues, surveillance and awareness creation and management of MLND. The study recognizes that Maize is a widely grown staple crop in diverse climates and smallholder farming

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systems in Eastern Africa. Since the outbreak of the maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) in 2011, the disease has been confi rmed present in the neighbouring Eastern African countries of Tanzania, Rwanda, Ethiopia and Uganda. The disease threatens many of the predominantly maize producing communities (where maize is grown both as food crop and as a cash crop) with increased hunger, poverty and social malaise.

• The publication on cassava highlights the improvement of cassava productivity through an integrated approach including breeding for high yield and combined resistance/tolerance to the two major diseases CMD and CBSD, development of effi cient seed system that ensure the delivery of clean planting material to farmers, and good agronomic practices. CMD alone is estimated to cause 28-40 percent crop loss totalling 28-49 million tons per year in the subregion.

Corridor approach to crop value chain development was prepared

A technical paper was prepared in collaboration with the Pan Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). This paper presents commodity corridors as an approach for integrating more smallholder farming communities within local, national and regional commodity value chains. It provides a conceptualization of commodity corridors based on economic growth theory and inclusive business models and tools using beans as a case study. The publication draws on PABRA’s work and experiences in Africa to provide a framework for building a strong case for commodity-corridor focused agricultural development, thus providing a guideline for the use of commodity corridors as an approach to optimizing agricultural production and trade. The corridor approach has potential to scale up partnerships for creating structured bean production, trade and value addition in the bean sub-sector.



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ADVANCING FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TO IMPROVE THE WELL-BEING OF COMMUNITIES

Fisheries and aquaculture have the capacity, if supported and developed in a regulated and environmentally sensitive manner, to contribute signifi cantly to improving the well-being of fi sheries communities and the society as a whole and to the achievement of several of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those related to poverty reduction and food and nutrition security, environmental protection and biodiversity.

As part of a long-term strategy, SFE has been working towards a subregion in which responsible and sustainable use of fi sheries and aquaculture resources make an appreciable contribution to human well-being, food security and poverty alleviation. SFE in 2016 registered the following results in the four main core functions of FAO; capacity building, knowledge sharing, best practices and policy:

• The appraisals* of fi sh production and

postharvest and value chain conditions for Kenya and Uganda have been produced and published.

• Eight training manuals**on fi sh hygiene and postharvest practices were prepared in two languages (English and French; with publication expected in 2017, followed by practical trainings.

• Fisheries and Aquaculture Livelihoods and Social Capital Survey Tools were developed and fi eld-tested in Uganda. Further testing, fi ne tuning and trainings in four countries are planned for fi rst semester 2017, and further publication of the tool in 2018.

• Five trainings on “Doing Aquaculture as Business” were carried out, one at a Regional level (50 participants) and 3 at country level (70 participants) for young aquaculture and poultry entrepreneurs, as well as FAO and Government offi cers.

• “A Practical Training Manual on Doing Aquaculture as a Business for Small and Medium-Scale Farmers”.” was prepared. The manual is composed of two modules:

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ENHANCING INCOMES AND LIVELIHOODS THROUGH LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENTFAO’s program focuses on sustainable development of dairy, beef, pig and poultry as well as small ruminant production and draught animals. It takes into account, among other things, animal health and welfare related issues, the responsible use of animal genetic resources, sustainable animal nutrition and feeding. It provides advocacy, awareness raising, information, knowledge, guidance and technical support to help produce high quality animal products, safely, effi ciently and responsibly, while improving their people livelihood and meeting citizens’ demands. SFE engagement in the livestock sector in 2016 was focusing on supporting the livestock trade routes in the subregion to facilitate and sustain the movement of animals for export. This includes activities to enhance livestock and rangeland production along the trade routes to sustain the livestock trade activities. To this end, SFE has been implementing two projects and contributing to the development of the sector in the subregion. The fi rst project, “Improving Supply of Safe and Quality Livestock and Meat Exported from the Horn of Africa to Middle East and Gulf Countries”, is being implemented in collaboration with IGAD. It is being funded by the Italian Agency for

Module 1, “The Technical Dimension of Doing Aquaculture as a Business” and Module 2, “The Economic Dimension of Doing Aquaculture as a Business” and it is expected to be published by mid-2017.

• A subregional assessment on Contract Farming and Public Private Partnerships (PPP) was completed and disseminated to all SFE country offi ces. The study assessed the modes of implementation and served to analyse the implementation options of FAO’s programmes and youth employment opportunities via contract farming or Private Public Partnerships (PPP).

• Improved knowledge of ecosystem services for water basin to coral reef ecosystems through the preparation and publication of major studies on the Blue Growth Initiatives including “the Blue Growth Initiative and Ecosystem Approach in Kenya”, and “the Economic Valuation of the Ecosystems in coastal Kenya”*** were published.

• Aquaculture Development Strategies have been developed for Zanzibar and a draft strategy was prepared for Kenya.

• Success stories from the implementation of the Africa Solidarity Trust Fund in Burundi, Uganda and Rwanda, as well as from the Blue Growth Initiative Project in Kenya were published.

*Appraisal of the production and post-harvest conditions in selected sites of Lake Victoria, Lake Turkana, and marine coast in Kenya. Appraisal of the production and post-harvest conditions in selected sites of Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga in Uganda.**Guides and Brochures on; i) Crustaceans And Cephalopods, 2) Salting And Drying Of Seafood, 3) Cooling Seafood, 4) Smoking Fish, 5) Freezing Seafood Script on Freezing of Fish, 6) The Sanitary Plan For Quality Control Of Bivalve Molluscs 7,) Sanitary Conditions In Aquaculture and 8) Guide and Brochure On Sanitary Conditions In Seafood Markets.***Valuing coastal ecosystem as economic assets: the importance of mangroves for Food Security and livelihoods amongst communities in Kilifi country and the Tana Delta, FAO, UNEP, 2016.



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Development Cooperation (AICS). The overall aim of this FAO-led project is to support the livestock trade routes in the region to facilitate and sustain the movement of animals for export. The key results were: • The establishment of hygienic standards

for 3 export abattoirs (2 in Sudan and 1 in Djibouti) that ensure that relevant hazards and Critical Control Points (CCP) are better understood and practiced at the abattoirs.

• Training provided to 43 staff and technicians from Sudan and Djibouti on good hygiene practices to improve knowledge and skills in handling products according to standards required by importing countries.

• A generic Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan for abattoirs in the subregion has been prepared and distributed.

• The major livestock trade-routes in the four focus countries, and the availability of water (infrastructure) and fodder/rangelands along those routes have been also mapped out.

• Baseline and good practices study on water and fodder availability along the livestock trade routes in the Horn of Africa were developed and published.

Through the second project: “Developing a Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) and Roadmap Approach to the Control of Animal African

Trypanosomosis (AAT)”, the following results were achieved: • A background paper on the Progressive

Control Pathway for AAT was published in a leading scientifi c Journal (Trends in Parasitology*) to promote a rational, step-wise control of Animal Trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa and in other affected regions of sub-Saharan Africa.

• AAT briefs were prepared for the nine Eastern African countries embarked in the PCP initiative.

• Formulated two projects (one national for Ethiopia and one regional for Eastern Africa) as a means to translate the concept of PCP into action in the fi eld.

• Adoption of the PCP and the roadmap in the control of AAT were endorsed by the participants of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) Coordination Meeting in November 2016.

*Diall O., Cecchi G., Wanda G., Argilés-Herrero R., Vreysen M.J.B., Cattoli G., Viljoen G.J., Mattioli R., Bouyer J. 2017. Developing a Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis. Trends in parasitology, 33(7), 499–509 (also available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.005)



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ENSURING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE THROUGH NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (NRM)FAO’s work in NRM is relevant to several dimensions of sustainable development such as the governance and management of food production systems, the provision of essential ecosystem services, food security, human health, biodiversity conservation and the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change. FAO engages in a wide range of partnerships and collaborative ventures. Through projects, studies and information-sharing, FAO helps increase scientifi c understanding of the biophysical and socioeconomic relationships between land and water resources and provides member countries with policy guidance aimed at achieving greater management coherence among sectors. SFE’s work is focusing on the state-of-the-art, practical, innovative and policy-related options for on-the-ground decision-making on NRM. In 2016, the following NRM interventions and results were accomplished:

Supporting countries to integrate Disaster Risk Reduction into agriculture and food security sectorsRecognizing the phenomenon that food insecurity was cyclically raised due to the 2015/2016 El-Niño/La-Niña events (more than 10 million people affected) and the 2011/2012 drought in the Horn of Africa (about 12 million people affected), SFE moved towards a Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) approach to reverse trends of natural resources degradation and reduce communities’ vulnerability. This can be achieved through improved capacities to formulate and promote risk reduction and crisis management policies, strategies and plans. Key activities in this regard have been:

• Extensive reviews of the institutional and governance framework for DRR in agriculture and food security sectors have been conducted.

• DRR systems have been established in most countries of the subregion.

• Capacities and resources (technological, fi nancial, human, institutional and related processes) as well as awareness levels were developed.

• Guidelines for resilient agriculture development with regards to climatic disasters in Eastern Africa was prepared.

• A policy brief was prepared to advocate for selected proactive actions that have huge potential to reduce the risks of recurrent hunger and loss of investments in the agriculture sector.

Developing capacities on climate-smart agriculture investmentsIn order to support efforts related to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) investments, SFE held a subregional workshop on Investments in Climate-Smart Agriculture on the 2nd and 3rd November 2016 in Kigali, Rwanda. The workshop convened over 40 participants representing Ministries of Agriculture, Ministries of Environment and Natural Resources, national climate-smart agriculture focal points, development partners, research organizations, NGOs and private sector organizations from eight Eastern



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African countries as well as from multilateral development banks and donors. The workshop was a forum for exchanging knowledge of the role of CSA in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs); the current fl ows of climate fi nance and the opportunities for improving investment in CSA; models of smallholder and private sector investment in CSA; local level CSA fi nancing mechanisms and available tools for mainstreaming CSA into national and regional agricultural investment plans.

Assessing the state and adoption of climate smart agriculture practices and technologies

SFE, with support from the Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda country offi ces, published two climate-smart agriculture scoping studies* which identifi ed and documented climate-smart agriculture initiatives, technologies, practices and stakeholders in the countries. These reports were commissioned by SFE under the auspices of the project “FAO Technical Support to the COMESA-EAC-SADC Programme on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSRO/RAF/307/COM)”.

Screening the Agriculture Sector Policy and Investment Framework (PIF) for CSA

SFE has been supporting countries and partners in Eastern Africa to better integrate climate-smart agriculture into national agricultural investments, policies, programmes and frameworks. This began in 2015 with the workshop on the screening of the Uganda Agriculture Sector Development Strategy and Investment Framework (DSIP). In January 2016 a similar workshop was convened in order to conduct a participatory screening of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Agriculture Investment Plan (NAIP), known as the Agriculture Sector Policy and Investment Framework (PIF), 2010-2020) for its relative responsiveness in support of climate- smart agriculture (CSA). The screening exercise was carried out as part of the Norwegian Government funded FAO project on “Supporting Transitions towards Climate-Smart Agriculture Food Systems” project, in collaboration with the FAO Economic and Policy Innovations for Climate-smart Agriculture (EPIC) programme. Under the project, the screening was well underway to identify those activities within the country National Agriculture Investment Plan



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(NAIP) that support CSA and to subsequently respond to the requests of the government for assistance in mobilizing additional resources to aid implementation of the identifi ed CSA activities.

Improving land and water management

Without adaptation efforts, climate change is predicted to affect the agricultural sector in Eastern Africa, reducing agricultural yields and hampering efforts to achieve food security. There is, however, considerable potential to adapt to climate change particularly through a focus on improved land and water management, establishment of appropriate policies, capacity building of institutions and individuals, as well as promotion of investments in land and water management. Good watershed management can support effective actions on climate change adaptation and mitigation. As a result, in collaboration with governments from the subregion, SFE developed a discussion paper and

good practice booklet* on the topic of integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation into the watershed management approach in Eastern Africa. Topics include, among others, the use of groundwater dams in Djibouti, institutional reforms for improved watershed management in Uganda and the use of area closure for land rehabilitation in Ethiopia.

Promoting sustainable forest management in the subregion

SFE has conducted a brief study report* to assess the economic signifi cance of forestry in Ethiopian, Kenya and Uganda, highlighting the profi le of forestry; the economic benefi ts such as the synopsis of export and import values of forestry products and its contribution to the national economy and trade. The economic costs of forestry and a legal and policy analysis of strengths and weaknesses in the sector are also discussed in this report.

*Eastern Africa CSA scoping study (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5485e.pdf) **Ethiopia CSA scoping study (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5518e.pdf)***Integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation into the watershed management approach in Eastern Africa - Discussion paper and good practices (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7489e.pdf)

****http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5517e.pdf

©FAO/Olivier Asselin


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PROMOTING AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT TO INCREASE MARKET ACCESS AND INCOMES

Agribusiness is about doing agriculture as a business. To do so, there is a need to increase agricultural productivity, facilitate access to market and other services such as fi nance, food value addition and storage, create employment, and drive changes in production patterns and consumption choices. Fundamental to agribusiness development are policies and strategies related to agricultural marketing and inclusive and sustainable agri-food value chain development. FAO has developed principles and evidence-based tools (guidelines, handbooks and good practices) to achieve this. FAO also develops capacities to strengthen the public and private sectors on inclusive business models, institutional procurement, public private partnerships, responsible contract farming, and territorial planning for agro-industrial development. In 2016, SFE provided technical assistance to numerous fi eld projects and processes, the main of which are highlighted as follows:

Supporting SFE member states to commercialize the agriculture sectorThrough a project, “Food Security through Commercialization of Agricultural Sector in Marginalized Areas in Kenya and South Sudan under the CAADP Framework, with Focus on Women and Youth”, (i) Technical support was provided to South Sudan to construct a slaughterhouse in Torit; (ii) Milk handling and processing equipment was given to farmer groups to further strengthen the dairy value-chain in the targeted areas; (iii) Women and youth were trained in agro-processing in West Pokot, Kenya; and (iv) marketing activities were enhanced for farmers groups, who were engaged in processing fruits.

Development of the regional agricultural investment plan of the IGAD regionSFE collaborated with the IGAD Secretariat in the preparation and validation of the CAADP regional agricultural investment plan (RAIP) through a

regional workshop of senior level policy makers from both private and public sectors in September 2016. The review and validation process involved key regional bodies including AUC/DREA), AUC/NEPAD, EAC, COMESA, regional private sector organizations such as Eastern Africa Farmers Federation (EAFF) and pertinent private sector companies from the Horn of Africa. The CAADP regional agricultural investment plan (RAIP) was later fi nalized in late 2016.

Documenting best practices in agribusiness • AUC/DREA and SFE collaborated in promoting

sustainable agricultural mechanization in the continent. To inform the development of a continental framework for sustainable agricultural mechanization, four subregional studies on agricultural mechanization covering Central Africa, Eastern Africa,

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Southern Africa and West Africa and the Regional Mechanization Strategy Framework document were developed in November 2016.

• In collaboration with a team of Economists from FAO, success stories of eleven entrepreneurs across Africa were documented. The stories are meant to inform and inspire the youth to start or up-scale their business as well as recommend policy makers on what constitute an enabling environment for agribusiness development in Africa.

Supporting the e-Granary pilot initiative in Kenya

SFE supported the Eastern Africa Farmers Federation (EAFF) to pilot its e-Granary Initiative in Kenya. E-Granary is a virtual aggregation platform (warehouse), where EAFF can pull and

pool data on farmers by location and commodity. It also assists to aggregate input requirements (and projections) as well as data on harvest or harvest projections. With support from FAO, EAFF developed the virtual platform in collaboration with a fi nancial service provider called Mobile Decisioning (mode) as well as training for activators for the platform. The platform targeted maize, rice, beans, green grams and black-eyed beans value chains, and mobilized approximately 20 000 farmers in four regions of Kenya (i.e. Rift valley, Central, Western, and Nyanza regions) to be part of the system. FAO also connected EAFF with the Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative to assist EAFF to design and develop local content for extension messages to farmers, an example of South-South Cooperation.

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REGIONAL INITIATIVE 3: BUILDING RESILIENCE IN AFRICA’S DRYLANDS

This initiative aims at improving institutional capacity for resilience and responding to disasters and crises at regional, national and community level. In addition, it strengthens and improves early warning and information management. It builds on current expertise and programmes and provide opportunities for innovation, exchange of knowledge, and inclusiveness, ensuring sustainability of humanitarian and development intervention.



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TAKING ACTIONS AGAINST DESERTIFICATION

The “Action Against Desertifi cation’’ project was launched in August 2014 to support the implementation of the Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative (GGWSSI), a fl agship program of the African Union to build resilience in Africa’s drylands. Field level activities targets six countries, namely Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Gambia, Niger, Nigeria and Senegal. Crosscutting components including capacity development, monitoring and evaluation, knowledge management and communication, partnerships and resources mobilization, as well as South-South cooperation are implemented not only for the benefi t of the six countries but also for other GGWSSI and African countries. Furthermore, the African component of AAD provides valuable support to the African Union Commission to effectively take the leadership of the coordination and facilitation of the implementation of the GGWSSI.

The AAD project is increasingly relevant and contributing to global and regional interventions

that support landscape restoration and sustainable livelihoods. It is well aligned with the newly approved Sustainable Development Goals, including Goal 15 (in particular 15.3) that focuses on combating desertifi cation, restoring degraded land and achieving a land degradation-neutral world. AAD also supports the Paris Agreement that was fi nalized at the UNFCCC COP21 in December 2015 and many of the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) that countries have committed to. In 2016, the project achieved the following:

• The biophysical baseline of the project was successfully established using the Collect Earth and Open Foris applications developed by FAO. Relevant biophysical variables such as land use, land cover, vegetation coverage, infrastructure and human impact were collected following a systematic random sampling approach.

• Assessment was done on the gaps in existing natural resource governance tools, including existing laws and regulations on land and tree tenure, and to prepare a fl ora management manual.



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• Plant species surveys were carried out and over 100 native species useful to communities for food, feeds, medicine and veterinary products, aesthetics and beauty, fuel wood and construction materials in the GGWSSI intervention sites in Ethiopia were identifi ed and 35 woody species were selected to be prioritized in the restoration plans.

• FAO provided a tailored technical support to the African Union Commission (AUC) to fi nalize the GGWSSI Results Framework Document in English and French, which provides a platform to build consensus and ownership around shared objectives among the key stakeholders of the Initiatives (countries, continental and regional organizations, partners, CSOs and CBOs) as well as to facilitate agreement on the expected results and resources necessary to achieve those results.

• FAO also supported the GGWSSI in the organization of the GGWSSI regional steering committee meeting, the fi rst international conference of the GGWSSI in Dakar, Senegal and the third Africa Drylands Week in Namibia.

SUPPORTING THE REGIONAL INITIATIVE ON RESILIENCE IN THE HORN OF AFRICAThe FAO Subregional Resilience Team for Eastern Africa (RTEA), based in Nairobi, has been implementing the “Resilience Analysis and Programming Project”, which has been providing support for building resilience of (Agro) Pastoral Communities in the Horn of Africa, focusing on Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia cross border areas.

Funded by the Swiss Development Corporation, the project, in collaboration with IGAD, achieved the following in 2016, including:

• Conducted a number of studies in the cross border, covering mapping of cross border natural resources, confl icts and community disaster risk reduction planning.

• Undertook a resilience analyses across in Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and Uganda based on baseline surveys, which constituted key indicators for resilience measurement using RIMA.

• Produced policy briefs for each analysis to support policy dialogue with relevant government institutions.



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*http://www.fao.org/in-action/kore/news-and-events/events-details/en/c/458151/

• Supported the establishment of a multi-partner RIMA Unit in Uganda, under the Offi ce of the Prime Minister.

• Developed capacities among local actors for participatory extension through a-three-month intensive Agro-pastoral Field School Master Training, conducted at the IGAD Sheikh Technical Veterinary School.

• Supported the policy uptake of the Field School approach in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda and a regional Field School Knowledge Hub was established through the complementary project: “Institutionalization of Field Schools in Eastern Africa”.

• Provided technical support in institutionalisation of both the Food Security and Nutrition Working Group (FSNWG) and the Resilience Analysis Unit (RAU) within IGAD. Through FSNWG about 120 member organizations drawn from IGAD, UN agencies, NGOs, donors and research institutions contributed to the monthly food security analysis updates. The FSNWG constitutes nutrition, markets, food security information, livestock and pastoralists, crop production and farmers, and refugee subgroups.

• Provided technical support for the Integrated Food Security Phase Classifi cation (IPC) regional team to enhance the consistent and effective use of IPC analyses at subregional and country levels.

• Supported drought early warning systems thorough a comprehensive needs assessment, which later translated into the FAO Horn of Africa Cross-Border Drought Action Plan.

• Provided technical assistance to FAO Tanzania in its response to the Burundi refugee crisis, and the FAO Rwanda in its response to the landslide management in 2016.

SUPPORTING RESILIENCE IN THE HORN OF AFRICAThe food and nutrition security situation in Africa’s dry lands particularly in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa remains a major concern, marked by both chronic and acute vulnerabilities. Recurrent crises, mainly driven by climatic shocks, volatile food prices, confl icts, coupled with poverty and chronic vulnerabilities, have eroded the coping capacities of the farming populations and weakened their livelihoods. In both the Sahel and the Horn of Africa, the majority of the population are dependent on farming and pastoral activities both of which are particularly susceptible to shocks.

The regional initiative “Support to the Regional Initiative on resilience in the Sahel and Horn of Africa” is aiming at establishing effective knowledge platforms between the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) and IGAD, as well as strengthen the capacity of institutions to scale up proven resilience enhancing good practices.

During 2016, SFE together with the FAO Eastern Africa Resilience Team in Nairobi has supported IGAD and member states to:

• Enhance knowledge on practical means for resilience building as well as heighten the awareness of dynamics of resilience programming.

• Document policies and good practices in resilience building, to support the design of sustainable strategies that meet the needs of communities and the national governments.

• Co-organize with UN Women a Regional Sharefair* on Gender and Resilience from 9 to 10 November 2016 in Nairobi, Kenya, including a side event to exchange experiences on knowledge management in resilience between CILLS and IGAD.


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CONCLUSIONSIn 2016, SFE has been working with partners and Member States to achieve the Zero Hunger Aspirations of the AU and FAO in Eastern Africa. We tried to respond to emerging needs, while implementing our Regional Initiatives, aligning to the strategic priorities of our Member States. Our 2016 Report highlighted our results across the three key areas of work, i.e. forging strong partnerships to end hunger; sustainable production intensifi cation and value chain development; and building resilience in drylands.

It is recalled that 2016 has been a year of considerable challenges, which were unique for the subregion. The recurring drought and pre-famine conditions in some parts of the subregion, land degradation, population increase, displacement and migration, among others, have been all in the spotlight when we think, plan and practice agriculture in the subregion.

Despite all these challenges, we, at FAO, have been fi rmly believing that transformational changes in the agriculture sector would bring in a positive impact on the lives of the people of the subregion. As we move forward, our work

©FAO/Tezeta M

will centrally be guided by the aspirations of the people as stated in the strategic framework of the ‘Agenda 2063’ as adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union as well as by the goals for ‘Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ as adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations. Both, Agenda 2063 and the SDGs are comprehensive and ambitious, but when achieved, they will have deep and affi rmative impact on sustainable agriculture, food security and malnutrition in the subregion.

We will end poverty, hunger and malnutrition in Eastern Africa in our lifetimes, if we remain united on our current path.

The vision of a world where everyone has enough to eat and has access to healthy diets must be at the heart of the new global targets on sustainable development.

José Graziano da Silva FAO Director General

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SUBREGIONAL OFFICE FOR EASTERN AFRICA AND FAO REPRESENTATION TO THE AFRICAN UNION AND

UN ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA

CMC Road Near ILRI, Kebele 12/13Bole Sub City, Gurd Shola;

P.O.Box:5536 Addis Ababa, EthiopiaTel: +251 11 647 8888

E-mail: [email protected]: www.fao.org/africa/eastern-africa

Twitter: @FAOEastAfrica

Facebook: FAOoftheUN

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

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ANNUAL REPORT 2016 - Food and Agriculture Organization · FAO SFE ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Page v Foreword I am pleased to present the 2016 Annual Report of the Subregional Ofﬁ ce for