Annual report-cec-2011-12-web

Annual Report 2011-12&

Financials

Centre for Education and CommunicationNew Delhi

Centre for Education and Communication173-A, Khirki VillageMalviya NagarNew Delhi – 110017Tel: 011 29541858 / 29541841Fax: 011 29545442Email: [email protected]: www.cec-india.org

Centre for Education and Communication (CEC), 2011-12

Report Prepared by: Pallavi Mansingh, Divya Devan

mailto:[email protected]


http://www.cec-india.org


Table of Contents

Executive Director’s Note .................................................................................... 5

Sustainable Livelihood for Small Tea Growers ................................................... 9

! STGs in Nilgiris, Idukki & Wayanadu ....................................................... 9

! STGs in West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh & Mizoram . 11

! Contribution to Plantation Studies ........................................................... 14

Changing Labour Market Dynamics in International Garment Supply Chains .... 15

! Sumangalis or Camp Coolies .................................................................. 15

! Homeworking in Sangam Vihar ............................................................... 16

Child Labour, Child Rights and Right to Education – critical questions .............. 17

! Review of CLPRA .................................................................................... 17

! Bharat Janata School .............................................................................. 18

! Child Labour in Home Based Craft Production ....................................... 19

Labour Rights in the Special Economic Zones ................................................... 21

! CEC Study for ACTRAV/ILO in India ....................................................... 21

Taxation and social security ................................................................................ 23

! Taxation Policies and Implications for the Poor ....................................... 23

! Elusive Universal Social Security ............................................................ 23

Maruti Workers Struggle – ground realities ......................................................... 25

Governing Board of CEC .................................................................................... 26

CECTeam ............................................................................................................ 28

Financials ............................................................................................................ 29

Executive Director’s Note

Core and PeripheryI recall, during the Silver Jubilee celebrations of CEC, how Prof. D. Narasimha Reddy reacted to an observation made by me that CEC rarely got into the core issues of labour; rather had been addressing issues of labour in its peripheries. Prof. Reddy observed that the issues considered peripheral to labour are now the core issues or the distinction between core and periphery are fast disappearing.

In order to locate CEC’s relevance and understand its contribution, it is important to ask the question whether there is a core and periphery for labour in India? Are spaces demarcated defining who can be at the core and who must be at the periphery? if the answer is in the negative, does it make the problematic superfluous?

Looking at the core and periphery as represented by the ‘organised’ and ‘unorgansed’ workers is insufficient because flexibilisation of production and flexibilisation of labour are fast obliterating this difference.

At the same time, the core is usually represented by issues of industrial relations (issues between employer and the employee) evolved from situation where large-scale production of goods and services takes place, employing men and women workers in large numbers for longer durations of time and generally for all their productive years. In the Indian context, the core also gets extended to the machinery of labour administration. Though labour unions have also been part of the core, this privilege is fast disappearing.

In this sense, the core has an exclusivity; in Indian context a sort of Brahminism - not allowing anyone other than those belonging to this group to have access to the privileged space. State imposes structural restrictions to raise so called core issues by anyone other than a defined set of people.

When state manages to disempower those who occupy this exclusive space, a huge vacuum of agency is generated. Incidents that have happened in Grazzianno in Greater NOIDA and Maruti Suzuki in Manesar can be looked at from this perspective.

Labour cannot be an exclusive space. It must belong to everyone.

CEC and the PeripheriesCEC has largely worked at the peripheries. This is not to pass any value judgment on this option - whether this was (is) right or wrong.

In the beginning, it was ethnic identity, health and displacement of workers and implications of mechanisation on workers.

CEC Annual Report 2011-12 5

Later, we addressed emphasised the concept of ‘labour rights’ as human rights at all work places - paid or unpaid.

CEC argued that labour must have a say in the global neo-liberal trade regime; but externalities without considering the voice of the local labour can lead to worst forms of human right violations including unemployment, slavery, displacement, fluctuations in prices of primary products and also the right to self-determination of nations. It cautioned against the possible negative impacts of free trade agreements on labour, employment and livelihood.

CEC worked consistently on the issue of contemporary forms of slavery in India, particularly in the agrarian and manufacturing sectors through its studies on changing forms of debt bondage in agriculture and sumangali / camp coolie system in garment supply chain.

CEC has looked at rights of migrants and helped in evolving a national consensus on rights based migration policy

Similarly, CEC has helped through various studies and collaborative action, in deepening the understanding of child labour.

CEC has again helped in building a national consensus on social security - first as the right of unorganised workers and then as a universal right in the light of changing nature of employment in India and increasing income disparity.

On Peasant QuestionAn important question that CEC has to address is how, as a labour organisation, it should consider small peasants. Traditional perspective says that peasants are allies of workers in the struggle against capitalistic exploitation. Peasants or small farmers are allies because though they own land and need to expend their labour to survive. Alliance gets strengthened when they do farming collectively. This has led to the mass movement of cooperatives of farmers as an alternative.

Globalisation brings in a new dimension. Huge agri-corporations and global brands prefer to source products from the small farmers without a direct engagement in agricultural production but maintaining a streamlined supply chain. In cash crops like tea and coffee, many corporates are moving out from huge plantations and source either unprocessed for their factories or processed products for their marketing wing.

Small farmers consequently face multiple jeopardy - not having a say for their products at the factory gate and in the consumer market; not having any control over inputs and their costs; individualised ownership of land making them voiceless; spacial distances to the processing units or market for their perishable products making them vulnerable to influences of middle people; absence of protection during contingencies making them dependent on ursurers etc.


While the theories of global supply chain and global value chain have helped in understanding this phenomenon of emerging agrarian capitalism, little has been done to empower small producers to have control over themselves.

CEC has understood this as a major area of struggle - building producer organsations of farmers based on cooperative principles. Our work among small tea growers is a case in point.

In Defense of Self RespectCEC has ardently defended its self respect against an onslaught by a few of the donors as guided by self styled caste auditors. CEC’s defense was based on the perspective that southern organisations are autonomous entities and are not built on subservience resulting from a donor-recipient relationships. The external agencies are not mandated to make or break organisations in the South, where they have come up on their own volition and have taken decisions to forge collaborations with internal as well as external agencies. Therefore, logically the Southern organisations must survive even if the external sources of funds get dried up.

There are laws that govern southern organisations and as long as there are no violations of such laws, and as long as there are no instances of financial embezzlements, the donor organisations cannot dictate on the ‘being’ of the entity as such.

In principle, no agency can take the role of donor, facilitator, evaluator and judge at the same time. This may result in serious miscarriage of justice.

The relationship between northern and southern organizations as expressions of solidarity and partnerships are fast disappearing in formal development funding scenario. This could largely be the result of dwindling independent financial sources and greater dependence on state funds, bringing in more of impersonality in relationships.

CEC found that the attack was on the organisation itself and its independence. So far, we have put up strong defense.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! J John! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! August 01, 2012


(L) Dinesh Kumar Sarmah, Vice-President, All Assam Small Tea Growers’ Association; Rakesh Saini, Executive Director, Tea Board; J John, Executive

Director, CEC; Bijoy Gopal Chakroborty, President Confederation of Small Tea Growers’ Associations of India. Guwahati, March 28, 2012

Sustainable Livelihood for Small Tea Growers

STGs in Nilgiris, Idukki & WayanaduThe tea value chain is structured along a hierarchical relationship with the global buyers dictating terms to the producers. An inherently asymmetric balance of power relation increases the vulnerabilities of the producers. At the same time the small producers in this value chain are not merely passive recipients but dynamic actors who are constantly engaging with the value chain. CEC’s intervention in the tea industry looks at how these major shifts in the global tea industry impact upon the men and women who constitute the periphery of this value chain and empowers them to in turn assert their space in the value chain.

Wold’s second largest producer and consumer of tea, India, has over 11 million people dependent on the estate sector of industry for their livelihoods. This excludes over 200,000 small tea growers (STGs), in the tea growing states of Assam, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The sector contributes about 28% of total tea production, which is steadily increasing. According to the Tea Board of India STG is a person who has a tea plantation of up to 25 acres, but most own less than 3 acres of land. However, the scattered remote locations of habitation, lack of organisation among growers, lack of bargaining capacity, shortage of working capital, dependence on exploitative trade channels, low levels of technical knowledge, low quality of leaves and limited access to resources are serious factors that make them extremely vulnerable at the lower end of the tea value chain. Failure to get a fair price has a significant impact on their ability to afford food, education and healthcare due to the absence of other sources of income.

CEC’s intervention is a means of supporting STGs in India, to improve conditions in the tea sector as a whole, and to contribute to the alleviation of poverty of thousands of tea growers and their dependents. Dispersed group of STGs is organised into collectives, trained in technical, negotiation and governance skills, they will be able to achieve confidence to deal more effectively with other players in the supply chain.

Funded by NABARD under Rural Innovation Fund, the project Sustainable Livelihoods for Small Tea Growers in Sept 2010 till Oct 2011 attempted to organize the STGs into business and social collectives at such a large scale. The project was also attempting to learn from the experience of collective action in commodity sectors and adapts them to the specific needs of the tea sector.

The project aimed to reduce poverty among small tea growers (STGs) in India through innovative means of improved agricultural practices and establishing fairer terms of trade in tea. It reached out to 5500 STGs and their families in Nilgiris district of Tamilnadu by mobilizing small tea growers and helping them form collective organizations to manage the tea based livelihoods; building capacities of STG Primary Producer Societies to be effective


and efficient platforms for improving production systems, getting better returns, and increasing access of small tea growers to public schemes; establishing feasibility of tea processing (tea factory) facilities owned by STG Primary Producer Societies.

Table I: Value per kg of Green Leaf Before and A7er Forma:on of PPSs in Districts and based on the Method of Leaf Trade







Value per kg (Rs) per day for Leaf Agent Growers



Value per kg (Rs) per day for Society Growers



Before A'er Per cent Increase

Before A'er Per cent Increase

Nilgiris 9.07 10.75 19.49 7.93 14.30 84.08

Idukki 6.75 10.00 49.85 6.13 11.19 82.53

Wayanad 8.00 10.31 29.55 8.56 11.81 38.42

Sixty Five (65) primary producer societies were formed in Nilgiris district of Tamillnadu and Idukki & Wayanadu districts of Kerala during the course of the project, implemented during the period April 2010 to October 2011. By avoiding leaf agents, improving the quality of leaves, and negotiating from the strength of a collective, they, on an average, managed to gained on an average Rs.4.54 per kg of green leaf sold to a bought leaf factory. Activities have also included technical and organisational capacity building, and networking with the Tea Board of India (TBI), United Planters of South India, Tea Research Association and supply chain players.

The activities had a 3-tier structure to organise STGs i.e. STGs societies in villages, regional/district /state associations and a national association - Primary producers’ societies: STG societies function as business enterprises at the grassroots levels. They address and organise issues around the cultivation of tea and sales of green leaves. Their objective is to

0

1.3

2.5

3.8

5.0

Nilgiris Idukki Wayanad Combined

4.09

2.78

4.464.54

Figure 1: Daily Gain per kg for STGs after formation of Society in Lean season

CEC Annual Report 2011-12

gain better prices for green leaves by enhancing the quality of production and engaging in fair terms of trade with bought leaf factories.

The CEC project has given almost 5500 small tea growers in the districts a sustainable livelihood through tea cultivation. While many STGs are workers in their own gardens, there are a substantial number of workers engaged by them. On an average, a STG may engage 2 to 3 workers, making the employment benefit to another 11000 workers in the districts. If the downstream and upstream links are also considered, the employment potential of the project is substantial.

STGs in West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh & MizoramThe project ‘Sustainable Livelihoods for Small Tea Growers’ being implemented by CEC in the North East focusses on reducing poverty and improving income of the small tea growers who are the most vulnerable constituent in the global tea value chain. The project is supported by the European Union (EU) and is being implemented in India in partnership with Traidcraft. Spanning across in 5 states in India (Assam, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh) and in Bangladesh, the project addresses some of the key issues confronted by the small tea growers including the lack organisation, absence of representation at local and national levels, low technical and business skills, limited accessibility to resources and services and lack of awareness about government support. Organising Primary Producer Society (PPS) is at the heart of the activities. PPS eliminate middle-men (who don’t add any value) from the tea value chain. In year I in India, 2500 STGs have been organised into PPS. Their capacities have been enhanced through technical training and training in PPS operation module. In Bangladesh 200 STGs are formed into eight functional PPS. In India, different strategies have been undertaken in different states, after analysing the local ecosystem. A common thread across all the states is the positive relationship management with state level STG association and national STG association, CISTA (Confederation of Indian Small Tea Growers Association) in India. The work has been recognized by Tea Board of India and Bangladesh and they are providing relevant support to mobilize STGs towards achieving the project objective.

During the implementation phase, eliminating leaf agents so that the STG societies can trade directly with the BLF/estate factory was one of the biggest challenges of the project. Leaf agents advanced loans to the STGs which in a way compelled STGs to sell leaf through to them. Interference by the leaf agents continued, sometimes with the support of some


STG in India gets, on average, Rs 8 for 1 kilo of green leaf which is made

into 250 grams of made tea. Made tea is sold at Rs 80-100 per kilo and branded made tea is sold at Rs 150-250 per kilo in the market.

Although there are other factors (e.g. quality of leaf), the difference is

substantial and unfair. Building a strategy for fairer terms of trade for the

STGs was a challenge. In the CEC project areas while the growers who

sold their green leaf through Leaf Agents obtained an average price of Rs.10.75 per kg of green leaf, those who traded leaf collectively through

PPS obtained an average price of Rs.14.30 per kg in Nilgiris.

community members and BLFs, even after the society was established. This reduced the pace at which financial gains would accrue to the growers. Having no manufacturing facilities, STGs depend on Bought Leaf Factories or Estate Factories for processing of green leaves. It is not easy to convince the BLFs and Estate Factories collectives of STGs are dependable business allies.

Formation of societies has also improved the chances of farmers getting eligible subsidies and other financial and technical support from the Tea Board of India. Access to the Tea Board of India and the local banks have greatly improved after the formation of the PPSs. Representative of farmers developed the habit of visiting Tea Board office and the banks regularly to discuss issues and transact businesses. The project team has an intense networking with the tea board at various levels – at the national as well as state and district level the project team interacts with the tea board officials, attends their meetings and invites them for attending seminars and give trainings. Here are some of the key developments - the representatives from Tea Board of India participated in poverty reduction workshop in Darjeeling; Meeting with Mr. Boriah, Director Tea Development was held on September 26; Meeting with Chairman, Tea Board was held on March 13 in which representatives of CEC and Tradicraft were present. Tea Board attended the Project Launch meeting in Kailashahar. TB North East ED writing to TB officers to support CEC in its activities.

As part of the project two crucial events have been organised in 2011-12. The first event was the National Workshop of Non state Actors in Darjeeling on September 11, 2011Various stake holders from STG ecosystem, including representation from Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Tea Board of India (TBI), Tea Research Association (TRA) Indian Institute of Plantation Management (IIPM), Centre for Education & Communication (CEC), Assam Agricultural University, North Bengal University, Corporate, Darjeeling Organic Ekta Society, different NGOs etc were present for the meeting.The workshop focussed on current issues confronting STGs and improvements in livelihood of small tea growers through better terms of trade. It discussed how organising as SHG/ Tea Producer Society (PPS) and getting


Enabling appropriate leadership to emerge from among the small tea growers that can

have a decisive participation in policy making was a challenge. At the implementation level difference of opinions between STGs, a lack

of leadership qualities among those who became the leaders and/or bad internal dynamics of the groups at times made

working together difficult. In order to ensure good group dynamics and encourage

leadership, the project team was alert to any divisiveness and took appropriate steps to

ensure that differences are sorted out through dialogue and participation.

Facilitating the emergence of leaders who are democratically chosen by the STG

societies also ensured cohesiveness within the groups and promoted collective identity.

The Tea Board of India invited CEC to the first National Convention of Small Tea Growers held in Tezpur

University, Sonitpur District, Assam, to share the experiences

from the South, especially Nilgiris.

it registered makes their members eligible for all benefits/ subsidies by TBI. Poor price realization of BLFs in auction platforms reduces green leaf prices for the STGs. There is collusion during auctioning and it should be studied categorically. Similarly random checks in BLF by factory inspectors can ensure quality procurement of Green Leaf that in turn will serve as an incentive for the STGs to ensure quality while plucking. There should be compulsory disclosure of leaf purchased, processed & sold by the BLF owner to implement the price sharing formula transparently. There is need of strict vigilance for its implementation. Possibilities of direct linkages of STG production (through separate branding) in domestic & international market need to be explored.

A capacity building workshop of Non State Actors was held in Guwahati on March 22, 2012. Mr. Prithibi Majhi, Minister of Revenue and DM labour and employment was the chief guest. The seminar captured different dimensions of poverty, gender, displacement, politics etc. The speakers were renowned professors from Assam and West Bengal who are engaged in poverty research for several years. The meeting disseminated the information collected on poverty reduction. Latest government data indicating that poverty in North-East states was increasing (with marginal decline in Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh) contextualised the deliberations. The meeting discussed how in Assam Small Tea Growers are contributing towards employment generation and income generation. But in recent years because of high cost of production, land problem, middlemen intervention, lack of collective approach and poor price realisation farmers are some of the problems that the STGs are continuously confronting. Reducing poverty among small growers through enhancing their output, quality control, marketing exposure, building up entrepreneurial qualities and possibilities of promoting their business along with state support and policy changes and intervention on trade & non-trade related issues towards inclusive growth were also discussed.

Listed below are some of the crucial accomplishments of the project:

• Nine project staff and over 50 STGs acquired the training in poverty reduction measures. Project staff also trained in encouraging the voice and participation of vulnerable groups (dalits, adivasis, minorities and women) in STG societies.

• 2500 STGs have been organized into around 25 PPSs in India

• All 25 PPS have applied for registration under Society Registration Act. They will apply soon for Tea Board of India registration

• All state level STG associations have been federated to CISTA, only national body of STGs in India. CISTA has been recognized by TBI and CISTA president has been given special invitee status at all TBI board meetings. CISTA has been instrumental in providing input to TBI for designing STG friendly policies

• 15 technical training programs in different parts of India and more than 1000 STGs have been benefited from such training programs. The topic of technical session ranged from pruning, tipping, cold weather operations etc. More capacity building training have been organized on issues like society operations management etc.


• Four PPS have come in informal contract with BLF and have started supplying leaf from this season

• 14 Mater Trainers have been selected and have received their first part of the training program in Kolkata.

The project team has been networking with state governments at various levels and has successfully got support from them. Two key instances that can be listed – 1) Tripura government is collaborating with CEC project staff in building PPSs and providing training programmes. Tripura Government co-hosting the International Tea Day in Kailashahar, Tripura and 2) Mr. Prithibi Majhi, Minister of revenue attending the Poverty Reduction Workshop in Guwahati on March 22, 2012.

The project team is also facilitating networking with the government department and tea board through CISTA. Since CISTA in India consists of representatives from each of the 5 tea producing state small tea grower associations, they have meet in different locations so as to keep in touch with ground level issues, consult effectively with STGs and continue to remain relevant by effectively representing the interests of the STGs. Interactions were also held with state representatives of the Tea Boards and other key stakeholders who can help with policy changes for STGs including the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Labour, the Ministry of Agriculture, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and other financial institutions in India.

Contribution to Plantation Studies The project team participated actively in a research programme of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry which was hosted by Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum focussing on the Tea Industry. The project team gave insights into the situation of the small growers by contributing two research papers focussing on STGs – one paper addressing the price stabilisation fund and how there should be innovations done with it to benefit STGS and two on comparative analysis of different models of collectivisations of small growers.


(L) Minto Goswami, Pijush Goyari, Dayananda Pashi, Pallavi Mansingh, Lalhiratpuii, Sandeep Dowerah, J John, Tanmoy Chatterjee, Kaustav Roy

Changing Labour Market Dynamics in International Garment Supply Chains

Sumangalis or Camp CooliesIn the era of free-trade centric globalization, the dynamics of labour and labour relations are acquiring new meanings. India’s integration into the market economy and influx of transnational capital has reorganized production in such a way that on the one hand there is a breakdown and restructuring of traditional structures like the caste system and increased employment of women. But on the other side, there is disintegration of the organized sectors, reduced space for collective bargaining, and denial of labour rights to workers in such a way that brings back the master and slave relationship, making workers extremely vulnerable and thus creating new forms of slavery.

CEC has been working on highlighting contemporary forms of bondage and forced labour. Recently in collaboration with ASI a study was conducted on bondage and forced labour in export garment production in the garment industry in Tamil Nadu in collaboration with ASI. The study will be released by ASI in UK in around mid-2012. Adding on to the existing study CEC also collected field information from the source areas on the victims under the Sumangali scheme. Field visits were conducted and meetings with workers who had worked or were working at present under sumangali/camp coolie/hostel scheme. CEC’s study was discussed in these meetings. BBC in UK has also planned a programme focussing on the conditions of the workers in the garment industry in Tamil Nadu to be aired in June 2012.

Homeworking in Sangam ViharA field study was conducted by CEC in Sangam Vihar among home workers in the garment embellishment industry. Nature of the study was a baseline study and participatory need assessment survey conducted for the National Homeworkers Group of the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) and Maniben Kara Institute (MKI) in Sangam Vihar, a slum cluster in New Delhi which is a major hub of global outsourcing for embellishments and stitching garments. It is an initial project as part of the RAGS project which seeks to improve working conditions for homeworkers and vulnerable workers

This study looks at the demographic composition of the home based workers in Sangam Viihar examining their origins, when they migrated, their present status, the identity proof they possess, their ties with families back home and so on. It looks at the gendered division of work, nature and extent of involvement of children. It examines the socio economic condition of home based workers, their remuneration and wage, living and working conditions, whether and how in this export sector workers are able to meet their basic needs and how the tenets of the ETI Base Code are being implemented.

Further, the study also looks into how is production is organised in Sangam Vihar’s home based garment industry. The study observes that parameters of quality and lead time weigh heavily at this end of the value chain. It highlights the vulnerability of the home workers, how


they become dependent on one contractor due to the delayed payment structure and how their bargain space is severely curtailed. Irregular work, lack of training to keep records, lack of awareness on health and safety issues and lack of access to government schemes is also highlighted. The study examines from the perspective of workers what the possible improvements that can be made in their living and working conditions. The study concludes with recommendations for the retailers, contractors, government, NGOs/Trade Unions, NHG and the workers.


Child Labour, Child Rights and Right to Education – critical questions

Review of CLPRAState intervention to eradicate child labour has two major components, both worked out in 1986-87, namely the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act CLPRA 1986 and the National Child Labour Policy following it. At present, Child labour in 18 occupations and 65 processes (Schedule -Part A and B) are prohibited under the CLPRA. However, these cover only about 10 per cent of the children who are engaged in the formal industrial sector. The Act neither defines ‘hazardous’ and ‘non hazardous’, nor gives a basis on which child labour only in certain occupations are considered non exploitative and hence legitimised. The law also does not include millions of children in the agricultural sector, almost 70 per cent of child workers in India.

There is no reliable and authentic data on working children. Major reason is that there is no agreement on the definition of child even among different departments of the government. While CLPRA defines child as those below 14 years, laws such as Indian Majority Act, 1875 and Factories Act as amended in 1954 for night work categorize persons below 18 years as children. CRC defines a person of 18 years and less as a child. The NSSO survey information does not provide clear data on children of the age group 0-18 years. There are statistics on persons of the age group 0-14 or the age group 0-19 years. These confusions have serious consequences beyond data and has crippled government of India’s ability to do away with child labour.

The recent Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 promises free and compulsory education for all children in the 6 to 14 age group. Besides implicit denial of right to education to children below 6 and above 14 years, critiques have also raised the issue of the need for a review of CLPRA in the light of the Right to Education Act.

Some of these issues were studied by CEC in 2011-12 CEC as part of a study “Review of the provisions of Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 and identification of gaps in implementation” which was conducted by CEC for Save the Children. The study observed that lack of definition of child labour, definition of child in the Act which is not in tune with the CRC or Juvenile Justice Act, the half-baked hazardous and non hazardous division, unpardonable exemptions (especially the agricultural sector) from prohibition, inadequate penal consequences, unsatisfactory conversion rates from investigations to prosecutions to convictions, etc., foil the CLPRA from achieving the goal of a society without child labour. The study further suggested that (1) India shall ratify ILO conventions 138 and 182 and modify the CLPRA in tune with the CRC; (2) amend Article 24 of the Constitution to prohibit all forms of child labour as explained in the study to bring it in tune with Article 21 A (fundamental right to education); (3) amend Article 21 A of the Constitution and the Right to Education Act to assure fundamental right to education till 18; (4) universalize the Integrated


Child Development Services and (5) annul the CLPRA and enact a new legislation banning all forms of child labour.

Bharat Janata SchoolMore than 80, 000 populations dwell in the Janata Colony of Zaffrabad in the north east part of the capital city Delhi. Out of which about 10, 000 are potential school going children but unfortunately all are not going. Three government schools can accommodate at best three to four thousand children. Most of the children are out of school and are either engaged in selling commodities and eatables in the small shops or in the garment units in the narrow lanes, rag picking or sitting idle and involved in drug use or other criminal activities. Even if they want to go to school then also the existing schools cannot accommodate to all, not even 15 per of the school going age groups. The interventions by the non-state actors too were irregular and for a short span. The concerted effort by few AITUC activists drew the attention of the Centre for Education and Communication in 2003. Accordingly a non-formal education centre or more precisely a feeder school was initiated in the Janata Colony of Zaffrabad with the support of the Terre des Hommes India Programme (TdH- IP).

Over the years, Bharat Janta School has evolved from nominal school to a centre of learning and community action. It now caters to the varied needs of the community. While the bridge school continues with greater focus, new vocational courses have been started on the demand of the community. It has mobilized the community to understand the importance of schooling and educate others about the same. Health and hygiene standards of the children who join in has improved. In the neighbourhood of increasing crime and drug peddling, the Bharat Janta school facilitates a creative change in the lives of children through education. Increasingly, its ownership lies with the community. Series of meeting with the community and teachers of Bharat Janta School revealed how the school was at the core but not the only activity of the activists teachers of Bharat Janta School.

The role of the teachers did not end with conducting a class; they facilitated parents to ensure that the children are enrolled in schools by helping them in filling forms, obtaining scholarships and in organizing visits to the school. They organise meetings with the principals and teachers of the government schools on the quality of education and follow up with the children and ensure that they are able to keep up to the studies and do not drop out. Even beyond the schools, they reach out to the community on the right to education through the school chalo abhiyaan, networking with madarassas and ensuring gainful employment for adolescent girls by giving them vocational training and facilitating their enrolment in


“My mother, younger sister and I work at home 7 days a week. My father is

sick and he cannot work. We stitch zips and buttons in jeans. We start work from

about 12 pm and work till about 9 pm. For the past four months I have started

coming to the learning centre in the morning. I study from 8 am to 11 am. After some time I want to join a bigger school even if I have to work up late in the night to compensate so that when I grow up I can go to an office and work.”

Ajeem, 11 years, Student at Bharat Janta Shiksha Kedra, Jafrabad

formal education. The constitutional amendment of making education a right to all children of the age 6-14 necessarily implies that formal quality education is the responsibility of the state. Bharat Janta School therefore cannot assume the functions of a regular school. However, it has a crucial function by acting as a facilitating centre enticing and encouraging children towards education; a distant model for the community and an activity centre for children and adolescents.

Given this, the structure of the present school has changed. In 2011-12 the Bharat Janta School was replaced by ‘Bharat Janta Shiksha Kendra ’ which is run and managed by Bharat Janta Shiksha Samiti, a general body of representatives from the community which will decide on the activities of the centre. This process will ensure community ownership and community leadership. The Samiti will be both an activity of the centre as well as the advisory body to the management. The centre will work with children as well.

Child Labour in Home Based Craft ProductionResearchers and activists have brought to light new elusive forms of bonded child labour in the export oriented supply chains of giant retailers and brands, and the non-applicability of the existing legislative provisions to address them. Bonded child labour in home-based embroidery and craft Industry in Delhi and UP, child labour in sports goods making in Punjab and child labour in spinning and garment manufacturing in Tamil Nadu where there is increasing bondage among girl child workers are a few examples.

Trends suggest that home-work is increasing. While home-work was once linked to old craft traditions and cultural factors that restricted the mobility of women, it is increasingly being taken up because of declining opportunities for formal employment, expanding export demand for craft products, and a growth in the practice of subcontracting, which has boosted ‘flexible contractual work’ as opposed to formal work. Home- workers often receive piece rates which are too low to support their families, and the only way to make ends meet is to get their children to help with production. The reality that children are engaged in home-based work cannot be denied. Most children aged 5-14 in home-based worker households in India, work in the home-based activity.

Some argue that traditional craft skills should be learned/transferred and that every child should be entitled to be creative and learn a craft. However the ‘transference of skills’ argument does not hold merit because the transference of good skills does not take place because the age of entry of the children in home-work is low. When children are engaged at a very young age, they end up doing very basic work and do not graduate to learning fine skills. This means they are unlikely to become accomplished, independent and skilled


When children are engaged at a very young age, they end up doing very basic work and do not graduate to learning fine

skills. This means they are unlikely to become accomplished, independent and

skilled artisans in their own right. Moreover, transference of crafts skills is also not available to the children as a matter of

choice but is limited to only those specific skills which their own community/family has

or by what the market demands.

artisans in their own right. Moreover, transference of crafts skills is also not available to the children as a matter of choice but is limited to only those specific skills which their own community/family has or by what the market demands.

Recent views are that the problem is not so much that children work at home, but more that home-working interferes with their time for education and recreation. It is important to ensure that no child is denied the opportunity for self-development and quality formal education with adequate time for play and rest. The ban on children engaging in any form of hazardous work (whether home-based or non-home-based) should also be strictly enforced.

For all the above reasons, home-workers can be much more vulnerable to exploitation and unfair practices. The combination of ever-shifting supply chains, the ambiguity in employer responsibilities, and the invisibility of the final producer (the home-worker), makes it harder to ensure good employment conditions for home-workers as compared to factories. And the child workers amongst them are even more deprived.

CEC is in the process of understanding an effective model can be developed for addressing child labour issues in the home-based crafts sector in India, and gain the support of key stakeholders to ensure the implementation of this model.


Labour Rights in the Special Economic Zones

CEC Study for ACTRAV/ILO in IndiaManjesh Yadav was a worker in a factory making JCB parts inside NSEZ and thrown out just two months back. He daily comes at the gates of NSEZ to see whether there is any vacancy in any factory. He came from a village in western UP and joined as a helper in a factory in NSEZ. Only in two days he was working with the full efficiency of a trained worker. According to him, youngsters coming from villages learn the skills of running machines in two to five days. But even when he was working as an operator on the floor, he was paid the wages of an unskilled worker. Therefore, after about two months, he left the job so that he could join some other factory as operator. He joined the JCB parts-making factory in 2006, and in a very short period he developed such technical skills that with the help of a chart with desired specifications he made a hydraulic iron-drilling machine all on his own. He was overjoyed by this success and in the meantime, he was assured that he would be made permanent. Yet, just after successfully running his machine, without being given any reason, he was thrown out. Manjesh has no proof that he was an employee of the said company. He says that a ‘pass’ was given to him for a short period, but he had to return it to the factory office. Now, he cannot make any claim for his dues, nor can he make any complaint about illegal dismissal. As far as PF is concerned, he says no slip was given to the worker, so that no worker knew their PF account number. He suspects that there is actually no PF account of workers and that the labour contractors and the company loot this amount from the wages of the workers. Manjesh is helpless; he says if he does not get a job within this month, the family in the village will die of hunger. Source: CEC Field Study

The Government of India has notified 583 SEZs till October 2011. Out of these, 143 are functional SEZs. Almost 24 per cent of these SEZs are in the IT and ITES sectors. In 2010-11, exports from SEZs have been growing and were to the tune of USD 14.7 (Rs 722.55) billion, indicating a growth rate of 23 per cent over the previous year. By June 2011, the total investment in SEZs had reached USD 42.3 (Rs 2129.143) billion (out of which USD 42.5 (Rs 2088.788) billion had come in after the enactment of the SEZ Act in 2006), and SEZs provided direct employment to about 714,412 persons. Massive infrastructure, mainly land, is required for setting up of SEZs and this has turned SEZs into zones of controversy. People’s movements have also raised concerns about the forceful acquisition of land and its implications on livelihood, ecosystems, and food security. What remains missing is an analysis of how these zones are changing the existing fabric of labour relations. Alongside the analysis on huge investments that are going into the SEZs, incidents of rights violation and spontaneous outbursts of labour are coming to the forefront. Labour regime in the zones is being made flexible, but the implications of this on labour itself have not been explored. In this context, this study intends to look at the developments related to SEZs from a labour rights perspective.

CEC conducted a study on SEZs for ACTRAV/ILO in India in 2011-12. The study gives an overview of SEZs in India with focus on those in Noida, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Chennai,


and Maharashtra. The study looks at the trajectory of development of SEZs inclusive of legal provisions; it evaluates the investment pattern of some sectors including textiles, electronics, and main multinationals; focuses on the overall cost-benefit analysis of the selected EPZs and examines labour response to the employment relations that characterise SEZs.

Study highlights that while both total exports and exports from SEZs have been increasing over the years, SEZ exports still form a very small percentage of the total exports. There is a huge difference in private investment in the SEZ vis-à-vis the exports generated. There is also a high reliance on imports for inputs by the companies operating in SEZs, indicating week backward linkage. Production through subcontracting is widely practised, but it has only enabled SEZ firms to meet the rush of orders by utilising out-zone processing facilities and also hoodwinking standards. Forward linkage is also found to be low as almost all production is directed to be exported. The Finance Ministry estimates that revenue loss on account of SEZs could be over $25 billion for 2007-10; this amounts to nearly 4-5 per cent of total tax revenues of the government. With all the incentives that are given to SEZs, there is every chance that industries already operating in the country may shift inside the special economic zones, and they will not create any new jobs in the country.

SEZs provide single window clearance and the district commissioner is the overall authority for all matters. Powers of the labour commissioner have been delegated to the DC. In effect, in the SEZs it is the same authority that is in charge of attracting investment and enhancing exports and also of all labour-related matters. Therefore, though theoretically labour laws are applicable in the SEZs, in practice a system has been institutionalised by which their implementation will remain week to the extent of being made redundant. Declaration of SEZ as a public utility service curtails the ability of workers to strike and reduces their bargaining strength. Moreover, the autonomy to the states to adopt the Act with suitable changes has led to a situation where state governments are competing with each other in providing maximum benefits to the investors and liberalising the concerned laws in the name of attracting foreign capital and generating employment. States have taken exemptions for SEZs from Section 22 of the Trade Union Act, restricting the entry of outsiders as office bearers in trade unions. Physical entry itself is restricted and workers’ movement is strictly controlled and monitored by the employers. When workers have attempted to organise workers, registration is strategically denied. Any move towards unionisation leads to dismissal from service. Workers are mostly contract or casual workers, facilitating easy hire and fire by the management. Labour administration is absent and the office of the DC does not respond to workers’ complaints. There is a clear nexus between the state and the employers, and workers’ protests are being looked at as a law-and-order problem rather than as an issue of tripartite negotiation.


Taxation and Social Security

Taxation Policies and Implications for the PoorNeo-liberal economic policies of Government of India has a corollary in the changing taxation policies in the country. While resorting to increase the rate of indirect taxes steeply, corporate tax rates are untouched, thereby, putting the social and economic wellbeing of ordinary people at risk at the cost of keeping the affluent happy. Toiling masses are left high and dry by taking away a part of their meagre income even without their proper knowledge. Moreover, there are also provisions in the budget to bring down government expenditure by reducing subsidy for poor people while doling out huge subsidy of thousands of crores of rupees to the corporate houses by foregoing taxes, bank loans as bad debts. All these steps are hurtling the country towards unforeseen dangers of a corporate led neo-liberal economy which we need to examine and debate. Given this context CEC initiated a series of meeting to understand India’s taxation structure and the ground realities. The meetings were held in Delhi, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Kerala and Kolkata. CEC’s study on Tax Evasion, Tax Avoidance and Tax Revenue Loss in India was also discussed in these meetings. A critical point discussed in all the meetings was the absence universal social security and the need to demand a non-targeted and non-discriminatory universal social security benefit.

Elusive Universal Social SecurityIn 2011-12 the Labour Ministry continued to expand the coverage of workers under the RSBY, while the UWSSA remained absolutely forgotten. States had got notifications about a year back to form the state boards but none of the states adhered to the directive. As a result the process of registration under the UWSSA did not commence even in this year. The National Working Group of Social Security Now took stalk of this in its meetings this year. The National Working Group met in Delhi, Lucknow and Hyderabad.

A development was that the National Advisory Committee (NAC) suggested draft amendments to the Unorgansied Workers’ Social Security Act 2008. The national working committee of Social Security Now (SSN), met at Hyderabad on March 30-31, and demanded the extension of the date for receiving comments to the proposal given by the National Advisory Committee (NAC) on the amendments to the Unorgansied Workers’ Social Security Act 2008. While welcoming the NAC proposal as an important step in the making of the UWSSA 2008 relevant to the unorganized workers in India, the SSN said that it has major shortcomings. It restricted the applicability of the social security provisions to the workers in the urganised sector and was against the broadening of the definition as given by the NCEUS and leaves out a majority of workers who are in the so called organized sector. The NAC draft concludes by saying that the total expenditure for this kind of a social security provision for about 430 million workers (roughly the calculation of unorganized sector) will be about Rs. 86,000 Crores, which is huge and cannot be raised. Therefore it concludes that the UWSSA should cover only women workers. The argument that India does not have money is not acceptable; the revenue foregone by way of subsidies given to corporates and the money slashed away in tax havens would be many times more than what is required for


‘minimum’ social security as envisaged by the NAC. Moreover, India’s wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few. Targeting will not always benefit those who are intended to be targeted. Social Security must be universal. Based on these points, the SSN decided to submit a comprehensive set of suggestions to the Chairperson, NAC. It was also decided that the SSN member from various states will also submit the same to their respective state governments.

Social Security Now (SSN) demands universal social security as a right for all people living and working in India and comprises of civil society organisations, people’s movements, trade unions, farmers’ associations, dalit movements and other groups.


Consultative meeting on Universal Social Security and Taxation, Hyderabad, March 30-31, 2012

Maruti Workers Struggle – Ground Realities

Since its establishment as Maruti Udyog Limited in India in 1981, every stage of its spectacular growth has been marred by labour unrest. It could either be because it has consistently failed in forging healthy relationship with its workforce or has been part of a carefully crafted strategy to shed off its erstwhile workforce and to absorb a new set of workers for the ensuing phase of its development. Though engineering by management of an atmosphere of disquiet is a matter of conjuncture, three factors obviously run through all incidents of labour struggle in the industry. These are (1) a perceived denial of right to form a union of choice; (2) intensification of work and harassment at workplace; and (3) a presumption of denial of remuneration commensurate to the profitability of the establishment.

Workers of Maruti Udyog Limited in India occupied its Manesar factory for 13 days from June 4, 2011 mainly demanding the recognition of an independent union. After managing to break this occupation, the MSIL management has declared that it will allow entry of only those workers who agree to sign a ‘good conduct’ letter. Meanwhile, the management terminated 23 workers and suspended 33 workers on grounds of misconduct and destruction of property.

CEC took note of the incident and presented an analysis of the situation which was published as a series of Articles by Dainik Bhaskar Newspaper.


Governing Board of CEC

Duarte Barreto (President)

Duarte Barreto, President, CEC, is a social scientist. He is executive trustee of FEDINA (Foundation for Educational Innovations in Asia), since 1996. Dr. Barreto is former Deputy Director of Indian Social Institute, Bangalore.

Bullu Sarin (Secretary)

Bullu Sarin is a social worker. She is engaged in issues pertaining to human rights of dalits, minorities, tribals, women and children. She is the member of the core committee on infant and young child feeding and nutrition, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

Dominic D'Souza (Treasurer)

Dominic D'Souza, Treasurer, CEC, is Associate Director, Laya, Visakhapatnam. He is also involved in the governance of other NGOs: founder member, and currently on the Governing Board of YUVA (Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action), Mumbai; Chairperson of YUVA-Rural, Nagpur; Trustee of National Youth Foundation (NYF), and Samvada, Bengalooru. Recently, he was elected as the Executive Council Member of the Asia South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education (ASPBAE), Philippines.

Ashim Kumar Roy (Member)

Ashim Kumar Roy is a trade unionist. Presently, he is General Secretary of New Trade Union Initiative (NTUI), a new national federation of independent non-partisan trade unions.

Philip Jadhav (Member)

Philip Jadhav, a social activist, has long association with the YMCA movement and has worked in senior posts with the Delhi and National YMCAs. He is also the president of Delhi Forum.

E. Deenadayalan (Member)

E. Deenadayalan, a social activist, has long association with the human rights movement in the country. Mr. Deenadayalan returned to serve CEC in its Governing Board after a stint as its Executive Director in 1992. He is the founder member of The Other Media.

J John (Executive Director)

J John is executive director, Centre for Education and Communication (CEC), since 1994. J John is also the editor for the English bi-monthly, Labour File.


Philip JadhavDeenadayalan E

Dominic D’SouzaDuarte Barreto

CEC Team

CEC Team as on March 31, 2012CEC Team as on March 31, 2012

Name Designation

Pallavi Mansingh Programme Manager

Meena Sharma Manager, Administration

Sandhya Chaturvedi Manager, Finance

Prasad R Driver & Administration Assistant

Subhash S Cashier & Finance Assistant

Kaustav Roy Senior Project Officer

Lalhriatpuii Project Officer

Tanmoy Chatterjee Project Manager

Minto Goswami Senior Project Officer

Pijush Goyari Project Officer

Dayananda Pashi Project Officer

Ruchi Gupta MIS

Udayakumar M Research Coordinator

J John Executive Director


Financials 2011-12Audit Report


R.K. TULI & ASSOCIATES CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS

Address: 11/37,Old Rajinder Nagar, Landline: Audit: 011 – 4578 8909 New Delhi -110 060 Tax: 011 – 2573 4493 Email: [email protected] Fax: 011 – 4510 4493

AUDITOR’S REPORT We have examined the annexed Balance Sheet as on 31.03.2012 and the annexed Income & Expenditure account for the year ended on 31.03.2012 of CENTRE FOR EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION, New Delhi. These financial Statements are the responsibility of the Organization’s management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these Financial Statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in India. We have obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purpose of our audit. In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the said accounts give the information in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in India:

(i) In the case of the balance sheet, of the state of affairs of the Company as at 31st March, 2012 and

(ii) In the case of the Income & Expenditure Accounts, of the Income for the

year ended on that date. For R.K. Tuli & Associates Chartered Accountants Dated: 17.08.2012 R.K. Tuli Place: New Delhi (Partner)

M.No.081019

Balance Sheet


LIAB

ILITIESSC

H31.03.2011

31.03.2012A

SSETSSC

H31.03.2011

31.03.2012

Capital Fund

Fixed Assets

(To The Extent of Fixed A

ssets)1

1,33,76,662.00

1,26,56,388.00

(As P

er Schedule)

41,33,75,275.00

1,26,55,001.00

General Fund

26,27,831.18

16,60,002.49

Investm

entsFD

R K

arur Vysya Bank

5,83,074.49

6,17,775.36

Project B

alances6

11,89,287.78

12,49,050.85

FDR

SB

I6,14,261.00

-

Sundry C

reditors Annexure

33,12,655.01

3,55,651.16

C

losing Balances

Inter-unit Balance

-

8,07,797.36

Cash In H

and 77,233.40

4,46,988.40

B

ank Balance

State B

ank of India 2,54,413.63

17,41,292.89

The Federal B

ank Ltd1,45,241.00

10,836.00

C

orporation Bank

2,28,299.79

1,84,286.65

HD

FC B

ank 14,074.06

14,074.06

Advances / Im

prest / TDS

52,14,563.60

2,50,838.14

Inter-U

nit Balance

8,07,797.36

TOTA

L1,55,06,435.97

1,67,28,889.86

Total

1,55,06,435.97

1,67,28,889.86

For R.K

.TULI &

ASSO

CIATES

CH

AR

TERED

AC

CO

UN

TAN

TS

Secretary / TreasurerExecutive D

irectorPlace :D

elhiD

ate :18.08.2012R

.K.Tuli

(PAR

TNER

)M

.No.081019

CEN

TRE FO

R ED

UC

ATION

AN

D C

OM

MU

NIC

ATION

: NEW

DELH

IC

ON

SOLID

ATED

BA

LAN

CE SH

EET AS O

N 31ST M

AR

CH

2012

Receipts and Payments


Receipts

Am

ount (Rs.)

Payments

Annexu

re A

mount (R

s.)P

ayments for P

rojectsO

pening Balance

Cash

77,233.40

Sustainable Livelihood for S

mall Tea G

rowers-N

AB

AR

D 1

11,64,600.50

Banks

Case S

tudies of Informal W

orkers 2

54,795.00

State B

ank of India2,54,413.63

R

eview of C

hild Labour (Prohibition and R

egulation) Act, 1986

and its Implem

entation 3

1,50,000.00

-Federal Bank

1,45,241.00

A study on Political E

conomy of Taxation in India

4 3,48,704.00

-Corporation B

ank2,28,299.79

P

olicy and Advocacy Intervention to P

rotect the Rights of M

igrant W

orkers 5

2,55,447.00

-HD

FC B

ank14,074.06

B

aseline Survey and P

articipatory Needs A

ssessment

6 3,50,000.00

S

ustainable Livelihood for Sm

all Tea Grow

ers 7

1,26,67,022.14

Excess of Incom

e over Expenditure

10,32,171.31

Sustainable S

olutions in the Fight against Child Labour in H

ome-

based Craft P

roduction. 8

3,68,947.35

Decrease in A

dvances74,988.52

S

chool for Child W

orkers in Jaffrabad 9

10,15,333.00

Tea Revolving P

rogramm

e 10

6,20,881.00

Receipts from

ProjectsB

onded & Forced Labour

11 1,33,294.00

G

rant In Aid

1,69,92,692.76

Other R

eceipts45,177.18

Investm

ents-FDR

Karur Vysya

34,700.87

Review

of Child Labour (P

rohibition and R

egulation) Act, 1986 and its

Implem

entation1,50,000.00

D

ecrease in Creditors

34,143.51

CE

C C

ontribution917.12

P

ayments to Inter-unit

1,71,963.79

Increase in Advances

1,11,263.06

Encashm

ent of SB

I FDR

6,14,261.00

Closing B

alanceInter-unit B

alance1,71,963.79

C

ash4,46,988.40

Increase in C

reditors77,139.66

B

anks-Federal B

ank10,836.00

-C

orporation Bank

1,84,286.65

-HD

FC B

ank14,074.06

S

tate Bank of India

17,41,292.89

1,98,78,573.22

TOTA

L1,98,78,573.22

For R.K

.TULI &

ASSO

CIATES

CH

AR

TERED

AC

CO

UN

TAN

TS


irectorPlace :D

elhiR

.K.Tuli

Date :18.08.2012

(PAR

TNER

)M

.No.081019

CEN

TRE FO

R ED

UC

ATION

AN

D C

OM

MU

NIC

ATION

:: NEW

DELH

IC

onsolidated Statement R

eceipts & Paym

ents Account

For the year Ended 31st March 2012

Income & Expenditure


Am

ount (Rs.)

Expenditure31.03.2011

31.03.2012Incom

e31.03.2011

31.03.2012

General E

xpenses2,81,786.73

9,06,635.74

B

ank Interest 70,544.00

21,297.00

FD

R Interest

391.14

-

Travelling-

8,303.00

M

embership Fees

700.00

800.00

Misc R

eceipt / Publications

25,404.00

15,34,118.37

Misc. B

alances written off

-

8,727.49

Sale of A

ssets2,600.00

500.00

C

onsultancy Fees90,000.00

-

Consultancy Fees - P

aid-

53,000.00

M

isc. balances written off

-

1,30,122.67

Contributions

-

3,22,000.00

Excess of Incom

e over Expenditure

-

10,32,171.81

Excess of E

xpenditure over Income

92,147.59

-

(Transfer to General Fund)

(Transfer to General Fund)

TOTA

L2,81,786.73

20,08,838.04

TO

TAL

2,81,786.73

20,08,838.04

For R.K

.TULI &

ASSO

CIATES

CH

AR

TERED

AC

CO

UN

TAN

TS


irectorR

.K.Tuli

Place :Delhi

(PAR

TNER

)D

ate :18.08.2012M

.No.081019

CEN

TRE FO

R ED

UC

ATION

AN

D C

OM

MU

NIC

ATION

: NEW

DELH

IC

onsolidated Income &

Expenditure Account

For the year Ended 31st March 2012

173-A, Khirki VillageMalviya NagarNew Delhi – 110017Tel: 011 29541858 / 29541841Fax: 011 29545442Email: [email protected]: www.cec-india.org

Annual Report 2011-12

Centre for Education and Communication





Documents

Annual report-cec-2011-12-web