ANSWERS - IES Master · R (Test - 5)-28 October 2017 (3) Mob. : E-mail: 8010009955, 9711853908 [email protected], [email protected] Regd. office : Phone : F-126, (Upper Basement),

1. (a)

2. (a)

3. (c)

4. (a)

5. (b)

6. (b)

7. (b)

8. (c)

9. (c)

10. (d)

11. (a)

12. (a)

13. (a)

14. (a)

15. (b)

16. (b)

17. (b)

18. (a)

19. (a)

20. (a)

ESE-2018 PRELIMS TEST SERIESDate: 28th October, 2017

ANSWERS

21. (a)

22. (b)

23. (b)

24. (a)

25. (c)

26. (d)

27. (d)

28. (b)

29. (b)

30. (c)

31. (a)

32. (d)

33. (b)

34. (d)

35. (a)

36. (a)

37. (d)

38. (d)

39. (d)

40. (d)

41. (c)

42. (d)

43. (c)

44. (b)

45. (d)

46. (d)

47. (c)

48. (c)

49. (a)

50. (d)

51. (a)

52. (c)

53. (d)

54. (d)

55. (b)

56. (c)

57. (d)

58. (b)

59. (d)

60. (d)

61. (c)

62. (c)

63. (c)

64. (d)

65. (d)

66. (b)

67. (c)

68. (c)

69. (d)

70. (b)

71. (d)

72. (b)

73. (d)

74. (a)

75. (c)

76. (d)

77. (c)

78. (d)

79. (c)

80. (c)

81. (b)

82. (d)

83. (d)

84. (b)

85. (a)

86. (a)

87. (d)

88. (a)

89. (a)

90. (d)

91. (c)

92. (c)

93. (c)

94. (c)

95. (a)

96. (b)

97. (a)

98. (d)

99. (d)

100. (b)

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8010009955, 9711853908 [email protected], [email protected]. : E-mail:

Regd. office : Phone : F-126, (Upper Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 011-41013406

1. (a)

2. (a)

Lettering on a drawing sheet should haveall alphabets in capital letters.

3. (c)

4. (a)

R.F. = Length of drawing

Actual length of an object

R.F. = 2

2Area of drawing X

Actual area Y

R.F. = 3

3Volume of drawing X

Actual volume Y

5. (b)

P(x,y)

F FN M x

y

For simplicity in arriving the property,

Consider the point M on ellipse instead ofconsidering a general point P(x, y)

Now sum of distance of any point from twofoci be ‘d’

d = MF + MF ... (i)

MF = F F + MF

Also

MF = NF

MF = F F + NF

Putting in (i)

d = F F + NF + MF= major axis

6. (b)x

y

V

x = v cos t

y = 21v sin t gt2

t = x

vcos

y =2

22

1 xx tan g sec2 v

y =2 2

2gx secx tan

2v

(Parabolic equation)

7. (b)

R

rP

curvetracedby P

Parametric equation x

= (R r)cos r cos

y = (R r)sin r sin

8. (c)

II

I

9. (c)

Auxilliary view is not the principal view

10. (d)

11. (a)

Perspective Projection:

In convergent projection, projectors are notparallel rather converges at a point called‘station point’ and this point must coincidewith observer’s eye. The view is obtainedwhen plane of projection (POP) is betweenobject and the observer.

Observer(Station point)

Non-parallelline of sight radiatingfrom a single point

Projection plane

Projection or the object on to the projection plane

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12. (a)

The lines which are parallel to isometricaxis are called as isometric lines. The lineswhich are not parallel to isometric axis arecalled non isometric lines

13. (a)

If a point is in fourth quadrant, its elevationwill be below XY line.

p

px

y

P

(I)

p

p

(TV)

(FV)x y

p

px

y

P p

x yp

14. (a)

XY Ground level

(b)

(b)x

yB

xy Ground level (b)

(b)

1500mmx y

15. (b)

a

x

ya

A

(a) Pictorial view of point insecond quadrant

a

a(TV) 50mm

25mm

(FV)

(b) Orthographic view of point insecond quadrant

16. (b)

If a given point is in front of the VP, its topview is below the XY line. If the given pointis behind the VP, its top view is above theXY line.

17. (b)

A trace is a point at which the line or itsextension meets the HP or the VP.

18. (a)

19. (a)

A line is parallel to VP and inclined to HPit will have horizontal trace.

20. (a)

A

B

bax

y

HP

VP

21. (a)

22. (b)

When a pentagonal plane is perpendicularto both HP and VP, then it is obvious thatit must be parallel to the RPP.

Projection on HP gives the top view.Projection on VP gives the front view.Projection on RPP gives the side view.Since the pentagonal plane is parallel tothe RPP so the true shape will be depictedby the side view.

So, (b) is the correct answer.

VPRPP

HP

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23. (b)

10

1010H

A = 23 (10)4

=1 10 H2

3 1004

=1 10 H2

H = 5 3

= 1.732 × 5

= 8.660

24. (a)

Vertical trace is the intersection of theextended line with VP.

25. (c)

Vertical trace : the point of intersection ofthe line or its extension with the VP if it isinclined to VP.

26. (d)

27. (d)

28. (b)

29. (b)

30. (c)

31. (a)

Conic section is circle = 0

Conic section is ellipse <

Conic section is parabola =

Conic section is hyperbola >

32. (d)

33. (b)

Prisms Pyramids

A prism is a polyhedron having two equalends called bases parallel to each other.The two bases are joined by faces, whichare rectangular in shape.

A pyramid is a polyhedron having one base,with a number of isosceles triangular faces,meeting at a point called the apex.

The pyramid is named after the shape ofits base.

34. (d)

A polygon is a solid bounded by planesurfaces and a polyhedron is said to beregular if its surface are regular polygons.

Tetrahedron – 4 sHexahedron – 6Octahedron – 8

Dodacehdron – 12 (12 equal pentagonalplanes)

35. (a)

36. (a)

37. (d)

38. (d)

39. (d)

Frustum

d I

D

dII

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Joining I and II

D

d

Front view

40. (d)

Circular chimney

Raftfoundation

From top

Top view show plane of junction

41. (c)

Circle

42. (d)

Hatching lines are generally inclined at 45°.When a sphere is cut by a plane inclinedto at 30° to HP, the true shape of sectionis circle.

43. (c)

Sphere

44. (b)Meeting line ofedge ofrectangle (Rectangle)

Development

45. (d)

If a cutting plane cuts only the lateral edgesof a prism, then only remaining part isdeveloped. there is no need to draw thedevelopment of left out section. Hencestatement I is correct.

A household funnel is an example ofintersection of a cone and cylinder. Hencestatement II is correct.

Intersection of two square prism shows astraight line segmented curve. Hencestatement III is correct.

46. (d)

Triangulation development : This methodis used to draw the development oftransition pieces by dividing a surface intoa number of triangles and transferring theminto the development.

Bottom base(square)

Development of atransition pieces

Top base(circle)

47. (c)

L

RCone

L

Development oflateral surface ofcone

r 360l

Where R = base circle radius and L = slantheight

48. (c)

Parallel line method of development isemployed for cubes, prisms and cylindersin which all edges/generators of lateralsurfaces are parallel to each other.

49. (a)

The cutting points on the lateral edges orgenerators of a pyramid or cone aretransferred to the true slant edge orgenerator and then transferred to thedevelopment sketch.

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50. (d)

Good design requires both analysis andsynthesis. Typically we approach complexproblems like design by decomposing theproblem into manageable parts. Becausewe need to understand how the part willperform in service, we must be able tocalculate as much about the part’sexpected behavior as possible before itexists in physical form by using theappropriate disciplines of science andengineering science and the necessarycomputational tools. This is called analysis.It usually involves the simplification of thereal world through models. Synthesisinvolves the identification of the designelements that will comprise the product, itsdecomposition into parts, and thecombination of the part solutions into a totalworkable system.

51. (a)

Embodiment design is concerned with threemajor tasks—product architecture,configuration design, and parametric design.

Determining product architecture : Productarchitecture is concerned with dividing theoverall design system into subsystems ormodules. In this step we decide how thephysical components of the design are tobe arranged and combined to carry out thefunctional duties of the design.

Conf iguration design of parts andcomponents : Parts are made up of featureslike holes, ribs, splines, and curves.Configuring a part means to determine whatfeatures will be present and how thosefeatures are to be arranged in space relativeto each other

Parametric design of parts: Parametricdesign starts with information on theconfiguration of the part and aims toestablish its exact dimensions and tole-rances. An important aspect of parametricdesign is to examine the part, assembly,and system for design robustness.

Design Review is a part of Phase I.Conceptual Design of Design Process.

52. (c)

The design review is a vital aspect of thedesign process. It provides an opportunityfor specialists from different disciplines to

interact with generalists to ask criticalquestions and exchange vital information. Adesign review is a retrospective study ofthe design up to that point in time. It providesa systematic method for identifyingproblems with the design, determining futurecourses of action, and initiating action tocorrect any problem areas.

53. (d)

Environmental issues are given higherpriority in design. Products must bedesigned to make them easier to reuse,recycle, or incinerate—a concept oftencalled green design. 1 Green design alsoinvolves the detailed understanding of theenvironmental impact of products andprocesses over their entire life cycle. Forexample, life-cycle analysis would be usedto determine whether paper or plasticgrocery bags are more environmentallybenign.

Social-ware refers to the patterns oforganization and management instructionsneeded for the hardware to functioneffectively. It seems clear that the future islikely to involve more technology, not less,so that engineers will face demands forinnovation and design of technical systemsof unprecedented complexity. While manyof these challenges will arise from therequirement to translate new scientificknowledge into hardware, others will stemfrom the need to solve problems in “social-ware.”

54. (d)

The keys to creating a winning product are:

Designing a quality product with the featuresand performance desired by its customersat a price they are willing to pay

Reducing the cost to manufacture theproduct over its life cycle

Minimizing the cost to develop the product

Quickly bringing the product to market

55. (b)

From a global viewpoint, we shouldrecognize that there is a hierarchy of humanneeds that motivate individuals in general:

Rank of 1. Physiological needs such asthirst, hunger, sex, sleep, shelter, andexercise. These constitute the basic needs

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of the body, and until they are satisfied,they remain the prime influence on theindividual’s behavior.

Rank of 2. Safety and security needs,which include protection against danger,deprivation, and threat. When the bodilyneeds are satisfied, the safety and securityneeds become dominant.

Rank of 3. Social needs for love andesteem by others. These needs includebelonging to groups, group identity, andsocial acceptance.

Rank of 4. Psychological needs for self-esteem and self -respect and foraccomplishment and recognition.

Rank of 5. Self-fulfillment needs for therealization of one’s full potential through self-development, creativity, and self-expression.

56. (c)

These descriptions are a set of engineeringcharacteristics that are defined as follows:

Design Parameters : Parameters are a setof physical properties whose valuesdetermine the form and behavior of a design.Parameters include the features of a designthat can be set by designers and the valuesused to describe the performance of adesign. Note: It must be clear that designersmake choices in an attempt to achieve aparticular product performance level, butthey cannot guarantee they will succeeduntil embodiment design activities arefinalized.

Design Variable : A design variable is aparameter over which the design team hasa choice. For example, the gear ratio forthe RPM reduction from the rotating spindleof an electric motor can be a variable.

Constraints : A design parameter whosevalue has been fixed becomes a constraintduring the design process. Constraints arelimits on design freedom. They can takethe form of a selection from a particularcolor scheme, or the use of a standardfastener, or a specific size limit determinedby factors beyond the control of both thedesign team and the customers.

57. (d)

The concept of modularization is used forreducing the complexity of a system.

Standardization is the process ofimplementing and developing technicalstandards based on the consensus ofdifferent parties that include firms, users,interest groups, standards organizations andgovernments. It can reduce, increase andmodify the design complexity according tothe standard.

Communality is the state or condition ofbeing communal, i.e. shared by allmembers of a community; for common use,which sometimes reduce the designcomplexity.

Diversification is the process of a companyenlarging or varying its range of products orfield of operation.

58. (b)

In working toward an acceptable problemdefinition, the team uses Brainstorming, theAffinity diagram and Pareto Chart.

Brainstorming is a group creativ itytechnique by which efforts are made to finda conclusion for a specific problem bygathering a list of ideas spontaneouslycontributed by its members.

An Affinity Diagram is a tool that gatherslarge amounts of language data (ideas,opinions, issues) and organizes them intogroupings based on their naturalrelationships. The Affinity process is oftenused to group ideas generated byBrainstorming.

A Pareto chart, named after VilfredoPareto, is a type of chart that containsboth bars and a line graph, where individualvalues are represented in descending orderby bars, and the cumulative total isrepresented by the line.

Flowchart is a diagram of the sequence ofmovements or actions of people or thingsinvolved in a complex system or activity,which is used in analyzing the data.

59. (d)

The major decisions that are made over thelife cycle of a project fall into four areas:performance, time, cost, and risk.

Performance : The design must possessan acceptable level of operational capabilityor the resources expended on it will bewasted. The design process must generate

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satisfactory specifications to test theperformance of prototypes and productionunits.

Time : In the early phases of a project theemphasis is on accurately estimating thelength of time required to accomplish thevarious tasks and scheduling to ensure thatsufficient time is available to complete thosetasks. In the production phase the timeparameter becomes focused on setting andmeeting production rates, and in theoperational phase it focuses on reliability,maintenance, and resupply.

Cost : The importance of cost in determiningwhat is feasible in an engineering designhas been emphasized in earlier chapters.Keeping costs and resources withinapproved limits is one of the chief functionsof the project manager.

Risk : Risks are inherent in anything new.Acceptable levels of risk must beestablished for the parameters ofperformance, time, and cost, and they mustbe monitored throughout the project.

60. (d)

Data is a set of discrete, objective factsabout events. These data may beexperimental observations about the testingof a new product, or data on sales that arepart of a marketing study.

Information is data that has been treated insome way that it conveys a message. Databecomes information when its creator addsmeaning.

Knowledge is broader, deeper, and richerthan data or information. Because of this itis harder to define. It is a mix of experience,values, contextual information, and expertinsight that provides a framework forevaluating and incorporating newexperiences and information.

61. (c)

Perceptual blocks have to do with notproperly defining the problem and notrecognizing the information needed to solveit. These blocks are listed below:

Stereotyping : Thinking conventionally or ina formulaic way about an event, person, orway of doing something. As a result, it isdifficult to combine apparently unrelatedimages into an entirely new creative solutionfor the design.

Information overload : You become sooverloaded with minute details that you areunable to sort out the critical aspects ofthe problem. This scenario is termed “notbeing able to see the forest for the trees.”

Limiting the problem unnecessarily: Broadstatements of the problem help keep themind open to a wider range of ideas.

Fixation : People’s thinking can beinfluenced so greatly by their previousexperience or some other bias that theyare not able to sufficiently recognizealternative ideas.

Priming or provision of cues: If the thinkingprocess is started by giving examples orsolution cues, it is possible for thinking tostay within the realm of solutions suggestedby those initial starting points. This is knownas the conformity effect.

62. (c)

Strengths of TRIZ

The principles at the heart of TRIZ are basedon designs that are certified as inventivethrough the patent-type system of thecountry of the inventor.

The developers of TRIZ continued to expandtheir database of inventive designs beyondthe original 200,000.

A dedicated TRIZ user community continuesto expand the examples of inventiveprinciples, keeping the TRIZ examplescontemporary.

Weaknesses of TRIZ

Inventive Principles are guidelines subjectto designer interpretation.

The principles are too general for applicationin a particular design domain, especially innewly developed areas like nanotechnology.

The designer must develop her ownanalogous design solution for the givenproblem, even with an example of anInventive Principle in the same technicalapplication domain.

There are differences in the interpretation ofTRIZ concepts.

There are aspects of TRIZ that are lessintuitive, less available in applicationexamples, and largely overlooked. TRIZincludes techniques for representingtechnical systems graphically for additional

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insight and solution. This strategy is calledSu-Field Analysis.

63. (c)

There are five basic patterns by whichpeople cope with the challenge of decisionmaking:

1. Unconflicted adherence: Decide to continuewith current action and ignore informationabout risk of losses.

2. Unconflicted change: Uncritically adoptwhichever course of action is most stronglyrecommended.

3. Defensive avoidance: Evade conflict byprocrastinating, shifting responsibility tosomeone else, and remaining inattentive tocorrective information.

4. Hypervigilance: Search frantically for animmediate problem solution.

5. Vigilance: Search painstakingly for relevantinformation that is assimilated in anunbiased manner and appraised carefullybefore a decision is made.

64. (d)

Analyzing performance is an important stepin conceptual design. In evaluatingcompeting concepts, it is necessary toanalyze information obtained from modelsof various sorts. Models fall into threecategories: iconic, analog, and symbolic.

An iconic model is a physical model thatlooks like the real thing but is a scaledrepresentation. Generally the model scaleis reduced from the real situation, as in ascale model of an aircraft for wind tunneltests.

Analog models are models that are basedon an analogy, or similarity, betweendifferent physical phenomena. This approachallows the use of a solution based in onephysical science discipline.

Symbolic models are abstractions of theimportant quantifiable components of aphysical system that use symbols torepresent properties of the real system. Amathematical equation expressing thedependence of the system output parameteron the input parameters is a commonsymbolic or mathematical model.

65. (d)

The architecture of the product is given bythe relationships among the components in

the product and the functions the productperforms. There are two entirely oppositestyles of product architecture, modular andintegral.

In an integral architecture the implemen-tation of functions is accomplished by onlyone or a few modules. In integral productarchitectures, components perform multiplefunctions.

In a modular architecture, each moduleimplements only one or a few functions,and the interactions between modules arewell defined.

66. (b)

Combining aims to make one componentreplace multiple components or servemultiple functions. This is a move towardintegral architecture, which we have seenis beneficial in reducing part count, andtherefore lowering manufacturing andassembly costs.

Decomposing is the opposite approachfrom combining. As new components andassemblies are developed throughdecomposing, it is important to considerwhether the new configurations affect yourunderstanding of the constraints on andconnections between each component.

Magnifying involves making some featureof a component larger relative to adjacentcomponents.

Minifying involves making some feature ofa component smaller. In the limit, it meanseliminating the component if its function canbe provided for in some other way.

Rearranging involves reconfiguring thecomponents or their features. Changes inshape force rethinking of how the componentcarries out its functions. Another way tostimulate new ideas is to rearrange the orderof the functions in the functional flow.

67. (c)

FMEA is a methodology for determining allpossible ways that components can fail andestablishing the effect of failure on thesystem. The team should considerquestions such as: What will success looklike? What is the timeline? The FMEAprovides the metrics or control plan. Thegoal of the preparation is to have a completeunderstanding of the process you are

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analyzing. What are the steps? What areits inputs and outputs? How are theyrelated?

68. (c)

A tolerance is the acceptable variation inthe dimension. Tolerances must be placedon a dimension or geometric feature of apart to limit the permissible variations insize because it is impossible to repeatedlymanufacture a part exactly to a givendimension. A small (tight) tolerance resultsin greater ease of interchangeability of partsand improved functioning. Tighter tolerancesresult in less play or chance for vibration inmoving parts. However, smaller (tighter)tolerances are achieved at an increased costof manufacture. Larger (looser) tolerancesreduce the cost of manufacture and makeit easier to assemble components, but oftenat the expense of poorer systemperformance.

69. (d)

Rapid prototyping (RP) is a technology thatproduces prototypes directly from computer-aided design (CAD) models in a fraction ofthe time required to make them bymachining or molding methods. Anothername for RP is solid freeform fabrication.RP is used for producing the final proof-of-concept model and is used extensively inembodiment design to check form, fit, andfunction.

70. (b)

The Monte Carlo method is a waygenerating information for a simulation whenevents occur according to a probabilitydistribution. (When events occur randomly,they are following a uniform probabilitydistribution. A Monte Carlo simulation usesunrestricted random sampling (it selectsitems from a population in such a way thateach item in the population has an equalprobability of being selected) in a computersimulation in which the results are generatedrepeatedly to develop statistically reliableanswers. This technique employs randomnumbers (a collection of random digits) thatare generated by the computer.

71. (d)

Materials are selected on the basis of fourgeneral criteria:

Performance characteristics (properties)

Processing (manufacturing) characteristics

Environmental profile

Business considerations

72. (b)

There are four predominant situations wherewear occurs:

Adhesive wear occurs when two solid bodiesare in contact and move relative to eachother. The motion can be either sliding,rolling, or by impact.

Abrasive wear occurs when hard particlesslide or roll across a surface under pressure.

Erosion is the loss of material from a solidsurface due to the interaction of that surfacewith a fluid. The fluid may be a multi-component fluid like steam, or a stream ofsolid particles.

Surface fatigue is a form of damage in whichparticles of metal are detached from asurface under cyclic stresses, causingpitting or spalling. The most commonoccurrences of surface fatigue are in rolling-contact systems, as in gear teeth andbearings, and fretting fatigue where there issmall-amplitude oscillating motion betweenthe surfaces.

73. (d)

The following physical properties will leadto high mismatch strains on quenching:

Low thermal conductivity, k

High specific heat, c

High density,

High coefficient of thermal expansion,

The first three factors can be combined intothe thermal diffusivity D = k/ c. Low valuesof thermal diffusivity lead to high strainmismatch.

74. (a)

The level of risk, as perceived by anindividual or the public, can be classifiedas tolerable, acceptable, or unacceptable.

Tolerable risk: Indicates that people areprepared to live with the level of risk butwant to continue to review its causes andseek ways of reducing the risk.

Acceptable risk: Indicates that people

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accept the level of risk as reasonable andwould not seek to expend much inresources to reduce it further. An acceptablerisk is one that satisfies the general public.This is often influenced by the decisions ofrelevant government regulating agencies.

Unacceptable risk: Indicates that people donot accept this level of risk and would notparticipate in the activity or permit othersto participate.

75. (c)

The design strategy used to ensurereliability can fall between two broadextremes. The fail-safe approach is toidentify the weak spot in the system orcomponent and provide some way to monitorthat weakness. When the weak link fails, itis replaced, just as the fuse in a householdelectrical system is replaced. At the otherextreme is what can be termed “the one-horse shay” approach. The objective is todesign all components to have equal life sothe system will fall apart at the end of itsuseful lifetime just as the legendary one-horse shay did. Frequently an absoluteworst-case approach is used; in it the worstcombination of parameters is identified andthe design is based on the premise that allcan go wrong at the same time. This is avery conservative approach, and it oftenleads to overdesign.

76. (d)

There are many variations in detailed FMEAmethodology, but they are all aimed ataccomplishing three things:

(1) predicting what failures could occur;

(2) predicting the effect of the failure on thefunctioning of the system; and

(3) establishing steps that might be taken toprevent the failure, or its effect on thefunction.

77. (c)

Four basic costs are associated with quality.

Prevention—those costs incurred inplanning, implementing, and maintaining aquality system. Included are the extraexpense in design and manufacturing toensure the highest-quality product.

Appraisal—costs incurred in determining thedegree of conformance to the quality

requirements. The cost of inspection is themajor contributor.

Internal failure—costs incurred whenmaterials, parts, and components fail tomeet the quality requirements for shippingto the customer. These parts are eitherscrapped or reworked.

External failure—costs incurred whenproducts fail to meet customer expectations.These result in warranty claims, loss offuture business, or product liability suits.

78. (d)

Process capability is measured by theprocess capability index, Cp.

Cp = Acceptable part variation

Machine or process variation

= Tolerance USL LSL

3 3 ( 35)

= USL LSL

6

79. (c)

Six Sigma uses a disciplined five-stageprocess with the acronym DMAIC to guideimprovement processes.

Define the Problem

Measure

Analyze

Improve

Control

80. (c)

Robust design is the systematic approachto finding optimum values of design factorsthat lead to economical designs with lowvariability. The Taguchi method achieves thisgoal by first performing parameter design,and then, if the outcomes still are notoptimum, by performing tolerance design.

Parameter design is the process ofidentifying the settings of the designparameters or process variables that reducethe sensitivity of the design to sources ofvariation. This is done in a two-step process.First, control factors are identified. Theseare design parameters that primarily affectthe S/N ratio but not the mean. Usingstatistically planned experiments, we findthe level of the control factors that minimize

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the variability of the response. Second, oncethe variance has been reduced, the meanresponse can be adjusted by using asuitable design parameter, known as thesignal factor.

81. (b)

ABC cost accounting is best used whenthere is diversity in the product mix of acompany in terms of such factors ascomplexity, different maturity of products,production volume or batch sizes, and needfor technical support. Computer-integratedmanufacturing is a good example of a placewhere ABC can be applied because it hassuch high needs for technical support andsuch low direct labor costs. There is morework in using ABC than traditional costaccounting, but this is partly compensatedby the use of computer technology toaccumulate the cost data. A big advantageof ABC is that when the system is in placeit points to those areas of indirect costwhere large savings could be made. Thus,ABC is an important component of a

Total Quality Management (TQM) programaimed at process improvement and costreduction.

82. (d)

83. (d)

Ergonomics involves such things asanthropometry, effects of stress, humanperformance in terms of physiology andmental functions, effects of stress uponperformance, human error rates, humaninteraction with machines, especially thecomputer, tool design, workplace design,task design, control layouts. proceduralenhancement, behavioral stereotypes,learning curve applications and temporarilyhandicapped worker accommodation

84. (b)

85. (a)

Confined Space refers to any place, includingany vessel, tank, container, pit, bund,chamber, cellar or any other similar spacewhich, by virtue of its enclosed nature,creates conditions that give rise to alikelihood of an accident, harm or injury ofsuch a nature as to require emergencyaction due to the presence or reasonableforeseeable presence of: flammable orexplosive atmospheres, harmful gas, fumeor vapour, free flowing solid or an increasing

level of liquid, excess of oxygen, excessivelyhigh temperature the lack or reasonablyforeseeable lack of oxygen

The key characteristics of a confined spaceare:

the space must be substantially enclosed

there must be a risk of at least one of thehazards listed above occurring within thespace

the risk of serious injury from the hazardmust be created by virtue of the enclosednature of the space

the potential injury must be serious and besuch as to require emergency action torescue the person involved.

86. (a)

87. (d)

88. (a)

89. (a)

The epidemiological theory of accidentcausation- The key components arepredispositional characteristics andsituational characteristics. Thesecharacteristics, taken together, can eitherresult in or prevent conditions that mayresult in an accident. For example, if anemployee who is particularly susceptible topeer pressure (predispositionalcharacteristic) is pressured by his coworkers(situational characteristic) to speed up hisoperation, the result will be an increasedprobability of an accident.

90. (d)

91. (c)

Occupational stress can affect your healthwhen the stressors of the workplace exceedthe employee’s ability to have some controlover their situation or to cope in other ways.

92. (c)

The purpose of the work site analysisprogram is to perform work site humanfactor related analysis and highlightstressors in the workplace. It also identifiesthe jobs that put workers at risk of developingCTDs. (cumulative trauma disorders).

93. (c)

A personal protection equipment is used tominimise the exposure of a worker in anunsafe and unhealthy environment, to severalhazards.

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94. (c)

Poor inspection of worker is related to qualityfactor and not related to causing degradationin work condition.

95. (a)

96. (b)

The imaginary plane by which the object isassumed to be cut is called the cuttingplane or sectional plane. They may beperpendicular or parallel to one of theprinciple planes and either perpendicular orinclined to other planes. This planes arerepresented by their traces.

The lines used to represent the materialwhich has been cut by the cutting planeare called section lines. They are also calledhatchings or cross hatchings. There areequally spaced lines inclined at 45° to thehorizontal.

97. (a)

The information needed in design is differentfrom that usually associated with anacademic course. Textbooks and articlespublished in the scholarly technical journalsusually are of lesser importance. The needoften is for more specific and currentinformation than is provided by thosesources. Technical reports published as aresult of government-sponsored R&D,company reports, trade journals, patents,catalogs, and handbooks and literaturepublished by vendors and suppliers ofmaterial and equipment are importantsources of information.

98. (d)

Force field analysis is a technique thatidentifies those forces that both help (drive)and hinder (restrain) the implementation ofthe solution of a problem. In effect, it is achart of the pros and cons of a solution,and as such, it helps in developing

strategies for implementation of the solution.It is used as a Problem solving tool whileimplementing in Solution Finding andImplementation phase.

(Below Figure) Force field diagram forimplementing solutions to reducing studentoverload.

Reduce student overloadto permit greater

research involvement

Driving Forces Restraining Forces

Enlightened faculty

Dean and dept. chairs

State Board of Higher Ed.

Engr. accred. agency

Entrenched faculty

Some industry employers

A prolongedadministrative process

Resistance to changeCompetitive studentrecruiting

National movement ofreform amongengineering schools

Producecurriculum

reform

99. (d)

The objective of creative idea evaluation indesign is not to winnow down the set ofideas into a single or very small number ofsolutions. The primary purpose of therefinement and evaluation step in conceptgeneration is the identification of creative,feasible, yet still practical ideas. (convergentthinking dominates this process).

100.(b)

System safety is a specialty within systemengineering that supports program riskmanagement. It is the application ofengineering and management principles,criteria and techniques to optimize safety.

Documents

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