Anti Corruption Survey Presentation 1 Situational Analysis OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves Presented by K’adamawe K’nIfe OSE and YCWJ

Anti Corruption Survey Presentation

1

Situational Analysis

OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

Presented by K’adamawe K’nIfeOSE and YCWJDept of Management Studies UWI, [email protected]

Content

Desk Review – Caribbean SituationCase Analysis – Benchmarking perception of

police performance in Jamaica.Frequencies from Anti Corruption

Questionnaire

2OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves

Perception of Corruption


Percent of Population Victimized by Corruption


Section I – Jamaican Case

Insights from JCF benchmarking perception of police performance


Methodology

6

Cross TabulationsOLS Regression Analysis (sensitivity

analysis)Perception at National LevelPerception at Community Level

Perception/prevalence of crime in the society

Fear of becoming a victim of crime in the society

Confidence in the policeTrust in the police


Primary Objective

7

To unearth benchmark indicators on the Perception of Police Performance within Jamaica


Limitations of the Study

8

The data analysis is solely on perception of policing

Aspects of the data do not lend itself to regression analysis.

The data has no time component and as such the analysis is static at a point time. Events like the one on Labour Day (Tivoli) could

change people perception of the police and policing.


Perception – Country level – equation & Results

9

COUNTRY LEVEL POLICING

Unstandardized Coefficients

Sig. B Std. Error

CONSTANT .210 .028 .000 INTERACTION_CITIZEN

.403 .018 .000

ABILITY_CONTROL_CRIME

.047 .015 .001

TRUST .094 .021 .000 CONFIDENCE .236 .015 .000 FEAR -.043 .013 .001 PER_CRIME -.035 .017 .034 ACT_VICTIM -.006 .007 .389 ABUSE_RIGHTS -.002 .032 .947

iRIGHTSABUSEVICACT

CRIMEPERCFEARCONFIDENCETRUST

CRIMECONTROLABILITYCITIZENZNINTERACTIOPOLICINGCOUNTRYPERC

__

_

_____

87

6543

20 1


Perception – Community Level – Equation & Results

10

COMMUNITY LEVEL POLICING


Sig. B Std. Error

CONSTANT .354 .036 .000 INTERACTION_CITIZEN

.275 .024 .000

ABILITY_CONTROL_CRIME

.053 .019 .006

TRUST .136 .027 .000 CONFIDENCE .171 .020 .000 FEAR -.060 .017 .000 PER_CRIME .000 .022 .984 ACT_VICTIM -.018 .009 .041 ABUSE_RIGHTS -.021 .042 .620

iRIGHTSABUSEVICACT

CRIMEPERCFEARCONFIDENCETRUST

CRIMECONTROLABILITYCITIZENZNINTERACTIOPOLICINGCOMMUNITYPERC

__

_

_____

87

6543

20 1


Confidence in Police - Equation

11

iTRAINEDPOLICE

FORCESIZEABILITYSERCOMMISSIONCRIMECONTROL

DONMANSHIPCONTROLCALLEMERGENCYCONFIDENCE

_

__'_

__

6

543

210

Variables in this equation treated as dummy variables

These variables are also tested at two levels – 1.There is some amount of confidence & 2.There is a great deal of confidence


Confidence in the police – equation and results

12

CONFIDENCE IN THE POLICE


Sig. B Std. Error CONSTANT .248 .007 .000

EMERGENCY_CALL .013 .009 .116 EMERGENCY_CALL2

.090 .015 .000

CONTROL_DONMANSHIP

.068 .008 .000

CONTROL_DONMANSHIP2

.128 .017 .000

CONTROL_CRIME .070 .010 .000 CONTROL_CRIME2

.095 .019 .000

COMMISSIONER’S_ABILITY

.030 .009 .001

COMMISSIONER’S_ABILITY2

.085 .015 .000

SIZE_FORCE .029 .007 .000 POLICE_TRAINED .042 .007 .000


Trust in the Police – equation and results

13

ik CSDEMOGRAPHIPOLICELOCALTRUSTCRIMEREPORT

STATIONPOLICEINFOPOLICEBRIBEDBRIBEEASEPERCTRUST

___

____

65

43210

TRUST IN THE POLICE


Sig. B Std. Error CONSTANT .604 .009 .000

PERC_EASE_BRIBE

-.282 .013 .000

BRIBED_POLICE -.036 .009 .000 INFO .026 .008 .001 TRUST_LOCAL_POLICE

.000 .000 .500

POLICE_STATION .003 .006 .636 REPORT_CRIME -1.452 .000 .951


General Conclusion

14

It is not about numbers - It is not about force - More about people relating to people – interaction with police – Trust and Confidence

More about support services and non police intervention post police intervention – who replaces the dons – Social Entrepreneurship?

Holistic approach – JCF, MNS, UWI, JBDC, Social Intervention agencies

Who leads depends upon the context – JCF sometimes – meaningful platform required for JCF interventions.

Media is central to the perception of police performance – JCF must have its own propaganda machinery


Section III - Frequencies from Anti Corruption Questionnaire

•Model•Methodology •limitations•Assumptions•Results•Conclusions


Conceptual Model

Nc = ∑i1-n Ic + e – (Where Nc is National

Corruption; Ic internal corruption and ‘e’ is the error term).

Therefore National corruption (macro) is assumed to be the summation of internal corruption (micro) with consideration for error which mean is assume to tend towards zero over time

16

Policy (P) Action (A)

Internal/Micro (I) IP IA National/Macro (N) NP NA


Methodology

Questionnaire - to generate frequencies and cross tabulations relating to the model outlined above - 26 responses from 15 countries

National policy (NP) and National action (NA) – implying policy and action to support anti corruption at the national level – here taken to be at the Macro/State operations

Internal policy (IP) and Internal action (IA) – implying policy and action to support anti corruption activities at the Micro/JCF (Division ect)


limitations

Inconsistency in returning of questionnaires – Just in Time Approach

The critical limitation – gathered from a diverse set of countries each at different stages in their anti corruption efforts. As such the standard deviations will generally tend to be high.

Some questions were not answered resulting in missing data points which might skew the outcomes.


Assumptions

Where the NP >NA and/or IP > IA = PC (Potential Corruption)

Where NP < NA and/or IP < IA = IS (inadequate legislative support the state and/or internal level respectively)

Where NP > IP = IA (inadequate adaptation)Where NP = NA and IP = IA (where ‘e’ = 0)

this presents the best environment for minimizing corruption – might not be attainable – Desired Future .


List of countries – responses

AnguillaAntigua and

BarbudaBarbadosBelizeBermudaBritish Virgin IslandsCaymanDominica

GrenadaJamaicaMontserratSt. Kitts and NevisSt. Vincent and the

GrenadinesSurinameTurks and Caicos

OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves20

Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti & Guyana – no submission

National Policy and Action - outcomes


National Policy No Yes Is there a National Law Enforcement Anti-Corruption Policy?

70% 30%

Is there a Conflict of interest policy regarding Police officers acquiring a secondary source of income?

40% 60%


National Action No Yes Is there a dedicated court to handle corruption cases?

100%

Has there been any prosecution of Law Enforcement Officers for corruption in the last three years?

35% 65%

Is there an effective Witness Protection/Whistle Blower Programme?

77% 23%

Is there an effective internal and external Communication strategy?

58% 42%

Is there a public education campaign regarding police corruption?

54% 27%

Are surveys conducted (publicly and internally) regarding the perceived levels of corruption in the police force?

75% 25%


Internal Policy

No Yes

Is there an established Code of Ethics for Enforcement Officers?

35% 65%

Are the annual financial disclosures of staff mandatory?

79% 21%

Internal Policy and Action outcomes


Internal Action No Yes Is there a Police Oversight Body? 60% 40% Is there an internal mechanism for the disclosure of wrong doing?

36% 64%

Is there an established centralized polygraph unit for the vetting of officers and recruits?

83% 17%

Is there a cleansing Programme to remove corrupt Police officers?

64% 36%

Cross Tabs – Country -NP and NA


National Policy - While Jamaica has a weak implementation of policies, it has very strong National Policies. Cayman also has very strong National policy with

corresponding strong national and internal actions.Hence from the data submitted Cayman has the

most robust anti corruption dynamic, while Jamaica has be strongest National Policy structure.

National Action – Cayman has very strong National Action, this supports its strong internal action as well

Internal Action - While Antigua Barbuda has strong internal policy however it has week internal action.Additionally Cayman which has weak internal

policy and a strong internal action.Internal Policy across all countries - Jamaica

and Antigua has very strong internal policy.


Cross Tabs – Country - IP and IA

Results

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum MeanStd.

Deviation

National Policy

12 1.00 4.00 2.2500 1.35680

National Action

12 1.00 3.00 1.4167 .66856

Internal policy

14 1.00 4.00 2.0714 1.14114

Internal Action

11 1.00 4.00 1.6364 1.02691

Valid N (listwise)

9

27

Note that NP > NA; IP > IA and NP > IP suggesting that there is scope for corruption at both levels


Conclusions

Good/Effective Governance is a precondition for strategic planning

A good policy poorly implemented gives the same outcome of a poor policy properly implemented – sub optimal outcome

Where there is asymmetric information – perception outweighs experience/victimisation“Restoration of public safety and confidenceBoosting of the morale and confidence of JCF

members and auxiliariesEffective internal and external

communication (JCF 2010” – CCN’s Role?


The Way Forward - Region

International best practice in the anti-corruption fight

Establish international, regional and national network anti-corruption intelligence & public education campaign

Establish and strengthen oversight bodies responsible for the detection, prevention, punishment and eradication of corruption

Constant vetting of recruitment and renewal of employment agreement – constant capacity building

Establish Integrity Commission Polygraph testing for all government officialsSpecialized training of public officials and members

of the police forceOSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves29

Questions & Comments


Implementation - Implementation - Implementation

GiGiveve ThThananksks

Documents

Anti Corruption Survey Presentation 1 Situational Analysis OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves Presented by K’adamawe K’nIfe OSE and YCWJ