AOL6 7.3

7/23/2019 AOL6 7.3

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AOL 6Applying Moral Rules of Deontological and Teleological Justice Ethical Theories

[See Case 7.3: Muesh A!"ani: The #e$ Media Moghul in %ndia&

Ta"le ''()A: Applying Deontological Justice Rules to Justify R%L*s taeo+er of Media ,ouse #et$or '-

Justic

e

Rules

Ethical Theory of

Deontological Justice Ethical Rule "ased on the Ethical Theory of DeontologicalJustice:Did R%L a"ide "y these $hile

taing o+er #et$or '- Media and

T.'-:

Did the taeo+er outco!e of Media

,ouse #et$or '- "y R%L follo$:

R/' 0antian 1or!alis!: Act

inas!uch as your act is

!oti+ated "y a la$ that

can apply to all(

2rinciples of 3ni+ersali4a"ility5

ES: R%L*s decision $as a

strategic one to co!ple!ent its 78

"usiness and the taeo+er $as

agreed upon "y the o$ners to

star+e off co!petition(

2rinciples of 3ni+ersali4a"ility5 ES:

Si!ilar situations had "een faced "y the

9ashington 2ost also $here 9arren

uffet had to "ail the! out( Due to

intense cape; needed< corporate taeo+er

is essential(

R/= 0antian 1or!alis!: Act

inas!uch as your act is

grounded on !oral

reasons that con+ince all(

2rinciples of Re+ersi"ility5 ES:

R%L*s e;ecuti+es ha+e !aintained

that it $as not for the sae of

controlling a !edia house "ut to

co!ple!ent their 78 "usiness(

2rinciples of 3ni+ersali4a"ility5 #O:

1or the teleco! sector it !ay "e a

>ustifia"le reason< "ut to other s!aller

!edia houses it is stiff co!petition and

for readers there is a ?uestion on the ne$so">ecti+ity(

R/@ 2rinciple of Deontological

Justice: Safeguard

econo!ic and social

rights and duties of the

!arginali4ed

2rinciple of Deontological Justice

a!ong the !arginali4e5 ES: The

o!petition o!!ission of %ndia

had ruled that R%L*s control of

#et$or'- and T.'-< does not

negati+ely affect co!petition(

2rinciple of Deontological Justice a!ong

the !arginali4ed5 #O: To other s!aller

!edia houses it is stiff co!petition( %t

!ay "e +ie$ed as R%L is trying to li!it its

co!petition(

R/7 2rince of Deontological

Justice: Also safeguard

rights and duties of

corporate e;ecuti+es

2rinciple of Deontological Justice

a!ong the corporate e;ecuti+es:

ES< it loos at the long ter!

"enefits of its o$n e!ployees in

the teleco! sector(

2rinciple of Deontological Justice a!ong

all the corporate e;ecuti+es: ES<

"ecause Ragha+ ala< o$ner of #et$or

'- $as not a"le to fund the net$or

any!ore and hence $as "ailed out "y

R%L(

R/) Situationanis!: 9henrightsBduties conflict< the

actual situation should

deter!ine the decision ad

>udg!ent "ut one !ust

o$n the act and its

conse?uences(

2rinciple of E;istentialSituationis!: ES: The principle

of !a;i!i4ation of $ealth $as

follo$ed "y R%L as it ai!ed to tae

control of the teleco! sector in the

long run(

2rinciple of E;istential Situationis!: #O:%t is yet to "e seen if R%L upholds the

o">ecti+ity of the !edia and the li"eral

theory( 1urther!ore< $hether R%L has

taen o+er #et$or '- only for strategic

reasons or for profita"ility re!ains to "e

seen(

R/6 E;istentialis!: 9hen

a!idst uncertainty< ris

and a!"iguity< right or

$rong< truth or falsehood<

and good or e+il cannot

"e clearly distinguished<

then act in the !idst of

dou"t(

2rinciple of E;istentialis!: ES:

%t is unclear $hether R%L has

taen o+er #et$or '- only for

strategic reasons or for

profita"ility re!ains to "e seen( So

for no$< they can "e gi+en the

"enefit of dou"t(

2rinciple of E;istentialis!: #O: %t is

indeed true that this taeo+er $ill indeed

har! the co!petition as it is difficult to

co!pete $ith the financial resources of

R%L( Thus for other staeholders too it

re!ains to "e seen if ne$s fro! their

net$or re!ains o">ecti+e or not(

R/C Legalis!: Legiti!acy ofgo+ern!ent la$s and

industry ordinances

o!pliance to legiti!atelypro!ulgated and enforced

go+ern!ent la$s and industry

ordinances5 ES< "ecause %

ruled in the fa+our of R%L(

o!pliance to legiti!ately pro!ulgatedand enforced go+ern!ent la$s and

industry ordinances5 #O< rulings of the

% can "e influenced "y the lo""ying of

huge corporate houses lie R%L(

R/- ontractualis!: inding

capacity of freely agreed

on contracts(

o!pliance to freely agree on

contracts5 ES: All the ter!s and

conditions of the contract $ere

honored and cross +erified "y %(

o!pliance to freely agree on contracts

to help the !arginali4ed5 #O: ,o$ the

contracts safeguards the rights of the

s!aller players is not to "e seen(

R/ 2arenesis: A ode of %s such taeo+ers ruled "y credi"le o!pliance to agree upon codes of

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ethics that counsels and

e;horts action( The

o"ligation is parenetic or

hortatory(

and +alid industry and corporate

ethical codes of conduct5 #O:

% loos only at the econo!ic

point of +ie$ "ut not sociocultural

ones(

conduct5 #O: There is no such fir! la$

in place $hich taes into account the

sociocultural i!plications of such

taeo+ers on freedo! of speech and ne$s

o">ecti+ity(

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Applying Teleological Justice Rules to Justifying the taeo+er of Media ,ouse

#et$or '- "y R%L

Justic

e

Rules

Ethical Theory of

Teleological JusticeEthical Rule "ased on the Ethical Theory of Teleological

Justice:

Did R%L duringBaftertaeo+er of #et$or'- treat

its staeholders "y:

Did the taeo+er Outco!es of#et$or '- treat others "y:

R'/ ,edonis!: Satisfaction

and 2leasure of all

FJere!y entha!G

2rinciple of 3ni+ersal

,edonis!: Did the taeo+er

pro!ote happiness and

satisfaction of all5 #O: Most

of the s!aller !edia houses

$ere not at all pleased(

2rinciple of 3ni+ersal ,edonis!: Did

the taeo+er pro!ote happiness and

satisfaction of all others< especially

the !arginali4ed players5 #O: The

taeo+er caused a lot of

dissatisfaction a!ong the other

players< especially the s!aller players

as they couldn*t co!pete $ith R%L(

R''a 3tilitarianis! FJ( S(

MillG: Ma;i!i4e utility

of all

2rinciple of utility

!a;i!i4ation of the greatest

nu!"er fulfilled5 #O: #o(

O+er here the interests of

!ainly the Reliance group and

Ragha+ alal $as considered

"ut not the other staeholders(

2rinciple of utility!a;i!i4ation of

the greatest nu!"er fulfilled5 #O:

The !edia is supposed to "e o">ecti+e

and i!partial in its reporting( The

taeo+er >eopardi4ed this for the

staeholders of the society(

R''" onse?uentialis! FE(

Ansco!"e '=/=//'G:

Ma;i!ally reduce

har!ful conse?uences

to all(

Ma;i!i4e 3tility of good

onse?uences to all5 #O:

Although "anruptcy of

Ragha+ alal $as !itigated "y

the R%L< it also ensured that

the s!aller !edia houses

$ould not "e a"le to co!pete$ith the!(

Did taeo+er of #et$or '- !ini!i4e

har!ful conse?uences to all innocent

staeholders5 #O: To other s!aller

!edia houses it represented stiff

co!petition( %t !ay "e +ie$ed as R%L is

trying to li!it its co!petition and trying

to !odify the ne$s in its fa+or(

R'= Eude!onis!

FAristotleG: 2rinciple of

happiness of the

!a;i!u!

2rinciple of happiness of the

!a;i!u! fulfilled5 #O: This

is "ecause the e!ploya"ility of

the e;isting people at #et$or

'- $as in >eopardy and so $as

the o">ecti+ity of the ne$s

reported(

2rinciple of happiness of the

!a;i!u! fulfilled5 #O: ecause the

interests of the other staeholders

such as the s!aller players $ere not

taen into account $hile considering

the taeo+er(

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Assessing the taeo+er of !edia house #et$or '- "y R%L"y Applying Moral Rules ased

on Distri"uti+e Justice Ethical Theories

[See Case7.3: Muesh A!"ani: The #e$ Media Moghul in %ndia&

Distri"

uti+e

JusticeRules

Ethical Theory

of Distri"uti+e

Justice FDJG

Ethical Rule based on the Ethical Theory of Distributive Justice:Did the #ational or %nternational

!arets treat %ndia*s Superrich "y:

Did 9ealth Ma;i!i4ation Outco!es

of %ndia*s Superrich treat others "y:

R'@ 1or!al Justice:

Egalitarianis!

Aristotle*s anon of E?uality: The le+el of

e?uality a!ong the !edia houses through

taeo+er5 ES(

The le+el of e?uality a!ong the others Fi(e(<

s!aller !edia houses5 #O: 1or s!aller

!edia houses it is difficult to co!pete $ith

R%L(

R'7 Socialist Justice The anon of #eed: The le+el of need a!ong

the "ig !edia houses5 es( Aditya irla

controls %ndia Today(

Their le+el of need5 #o< for s!aller !edia

houses(

R') #aturalist Justice The anon of #atural A"ility: The le+el of

innate !erit or a"ility a!ong the !edia

houses5 ES(

Their le+el of innate !erit or a"ility5 es:

Merit and a"ility of the !arginal players are

sa!e too(

R'6 Retri"uti+e

Justice

The anon of Effort: The le+el of effort of

a!ong the !edia5 ES( Media ,ouses ha+e

cut throat co!petition(

Their le+el of effort5 #o: %t is difficult for the

s!aller !edia houses to co!pete $ith the

larger ones(

R'C apitalist Justice The anon of 2roducti+ity: The le+el ofcontri"ution of the superrich5 es< and far

"eyond(

The le+el of contri"ution of the nonsuperrich5 #O: 3ntil $ealth !a;i!i4ation

sti!ulates the contri"ution of others

R'- Li"ertarian

Justice

The anon of Social 3tility: The le+el of social

+alue of the "igger !edia houses5 ES(

Their le+el of social +alue5 #o< the taeo+er

doesn*t e?uali4e the social +alue of all !edia

houses(

R' Li"ertarian

Justice

The anon of Supplyde!and: The le+el of

!arete;change +alue of the taeo+er5 ES(

Their le+el of !arete;change +alue5 ES(

The de!and for ne$s is high e+en for s!aller

fir!s(

R=/ %ndi+idual Justice Rescher*s anon of Legiti!ate lai!s: The

le+el of legiti!ate clai!s of the Media5 es< the

content $ill "e a strategic fit for R%L 78 plans(

The le+el of legiti!ate clai!s of the s!aller

!edia fir!s5 #O: %t !ay also "e +ie$ed as a

!ethod to stifle co!petition(

R=' 1air Opportunist

Justice

Ra$ls* E?uality 2rinciple: Did the taeo+er

offer e?ual opportunity to all5 #o(

Did the taeo+er offer e?ual opportunity to

all5 #o< s!aller fir!s do lose out(

R== Li"ertarianEgalitarian

Justice

Ra$ls* Difference 2rinciple: Did the taeo+ernullify undeser+ed ad+antages a!ong all

staeholders5 #O( Most of the "igger fir!s

see!ingly had undeser+ed ad+antages(

#ullifying undeser+ed ad+antages a!ong allstaeholders5 #o( R%L can no$ !odify the

ne$s content to its $ish(

R=@ Li"ertarian

Justice

#o4ic*s 2rinciple of Distri"uti+e Justice: y

the le+el of original entitle!ents of the

superrich5 ES(

One*s le+el of original entitle!ents5 #O:

Most HothersI in %ndia ha+e their original

le+el of entitle!ents progressi+ely di!inished

"ecause of $ealth !a;i!i4ation of the fe$(

R=7 #on!alfeasance

Justice

2rinciple of Strict Lia"ility: Doing no har! or

e+il "y the taeo+er5 ES(

Doing no har! or e+il to others5 #o< this is

yet to "e seen(

R=) 2ree!pti+e

Justice

2rinciple of 2re+enti+e Justice: 2re+enting all

e+il "y the taeo+er5 ES(

2re+enting all e+il "y the taeo+er5 #o< not

until R%L can pro+ide o">ecti+e ne$s(

R=6 2rotecti+e Justice 2rinciple of 2rotecti+e Justice: 2rotecting the

ne$s fro! su">ecti+ity5 #O(

2rotecting the ne$s fro! su">ecti+ity5 #o<

Aditya irla or R%L is yet to pro+e its

authenticity in o">ecti+e ne$s !aing(

R=C 2rocedural

Justice

orrecti+e Justice

2rinciple of 2rocedural Justice and orrecti+e

Justice: 9as the taeo+er possi"le "ecause of >ust procedures for correcting current

structured in>ustice syste!s5 ES(

Did the taeo+er set up >ust procedures for

ne$s !aing for the others in %ndia5 #O<"ecause it doesn*t consider all the

staeholders(

R=- eneficent Justice 2rinciple of eneficent Justice: Ena"ling the

"igger fir!s in doing or pro!oting good to

others5 es< if they $ant to do so(

Did the taeo+er e!po$er others to do or

pro!ote good in %ndia5 #o(

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AOL6 7.3