APChemistrySummerAssignment

WelcometoAPChemistry!Themajortopicsoftheclassareorganizedinto“BigIdeas.”Thissummerassignmentwillgiveyouabriefreviewofkeyconceptsfromyourintroductorychemistrycourse,aswellasgettingyouacclimatedtohowourcoursewillbeconductedinthefall.

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheassignment,feelfreetoemailmeat

Tameka_farrell@ryecountryday.orgIwillemailyoubackwhenpossible.Theassignmenthas3parts:1.E-mailMe(20points)MustbedonebyJuly26th.a.E-mailmewiththefollowinginformation(10points):-Briefintroduction(interests,employment,career/collegeaspirations,etc)-WhatyouthinkIneedtoknowasyourteachertohelpyoubesuccessfulinthiscourse(30pts).2.PolyatomicIonQuiz(100points)Onthefirstdayoftheschoolyear,youwillbegivenaquizontheseions.ThesewillNOTbepostedonthewall,andyouwillNEVERhaveareferencesheetforthemforquizzes,tests,etc.asyouwillhavetohavethemmemorizedfortheAPexam.Youwillbeaskedto:•writethenamesoftheseionswhengiventheformulaandcharge•writetheformulaandchargewhengiventhenames

Ihaveincludedseveralresourcesinthispacket.Also,hereisavideowithanawesomemnemonictohelprememberthem:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aroi3zJXV0k&index=23&t=224s&list=PLfh3Y5y0EY0-4l91Zm1aK7ZonRvNLwmRpFirst,thereisalistoftheionsthatyoumustknowonthefirstday.Thislistalsohas,ontheback,somesuggestionsformakingtheprocessofmemorizationeasier.Forinstance,manyofyouwillrememberthatmostofthemonatomicionshavechargesthataredirectlyrelatedtotheirplacementontheperiodictable.Therearenamingpatternsthatgreatlysimplifythelearningofthepolyatomicionsaswell.AlsoincludedisacopyoftheperiodictableusedinAPChemistry.Noticethatthisisnotthetableusedinyourpriorchemistrycourses.TheAPtableisthesamethattheCollegeBoardallowsyoutouseontheAPChemistrytest.Noticethatithasthesymbolsoftheelementsbutnotthewrittennames.Ihaveincludedasheetofflashcardsforthepolyatomicionsthatyoumustlearn.Istronglysuggestthatyoucutthemoutandbeginmemorizingthemimmediately.Usethehintsonthecommonionssheettohelpyoureducetheamountofmemorizingthatyoumustdo.Donotletthefactthattherearenoflashcardsformonatomicionssuggesttoyouthatthemonatomicionsarenotimportant.Theyareeverybitasimportantasthepolyatomicions.Ifyouhavetroubleidentifyingthechargeofmonatomicions(orthenamingsystem)thenIsuggestthatyoumakeyourselfsomeflashcardsforthoseaswell.Doubtless,therewillbesomestudentswhowillprocrastinateandtrytodoallofthisstudyingjustbeforethestartofschool.Thosestudentsmayevencramwellenoughtodowellontheinitialquiz.However,theywillquicklyforgettheions,andstruggleeverytimethattheseformulasareusedinlecture,homework,quizzes,testsandlabs.

3.BookWork-Ch.1-3.OntheSECONDdayofschool,wewillhaveaTESToverCh.1,Ch.2andCh.3withoutmeteachingorreviewingthemwhatsoever.

Directions:

A.Inanew3-ringbinderthatyouwillkeepseparatefromyourotherclasswork,youwillcompleteonerowfromthefollowingchartsatatime.YOURFIRSTGRADEOFTHEYEARWILLBEPRESENTINGTHISBINDER!B.LabelyourworkclearlyasyougoasIrandomlypickpartstogradeC.WordstoDefine:defineusingyourtextorthevideoinformation.Feelfreetodrawpicturesifithelpsyou.D.Videotitle/link:watchthevideosandtake5(FIVE)bulletednotesforeachE.Problems:notetheanswerstoalltheseareeitherdirectlyunderthequestion,attheendoftheChapterorinAppendixIIorAppendixIV(ifyougetananswerwrong,itisyourfaultfornotcheckingit,soyouwillgetnoextracreditifIchoosethatproblem.AbbreviationsforProblems:FP=ForPractice-foundwithinthechapter(FMPisformorepractice)CC=ConceptualConnection–foundwithinthechapterSAQ=Self-AssessmentQuizattheendofthechapter.YOUMUSTwriteasentenceexplainingeachanswerforSAQ’sNumberedquestions(withnoacronym-likenumber#41inthesecondrowbelow)areexercisesattheendofthechapter.Ch.1BookWork

WordstoDefine VideoTitle VideoLink Length Problems PagesHypothesis,lawofconservationofmass,theory

ScientificMethod

http://www.bozemanscience.com/scientific-method

Approx.6:00*watchONLYfrom4:49-end

CC1.1onpg5 1-5

Amorphous,crystalline,puresubstance,homogeneousvs.heterogenousmixture,decanting,distillation,volatile,filtration

Matter http://www.bozemanscience.com/matter

9:16 Drawandlabelfigures1.4-1.6,FP1.1,CC1.2,1.3,SAQ2(didyoureadthenoteaboveaboutwritingasentence?),SAQ11,41,49

5-13

Intensiveproperty,extensiveproperty,exactnumbers

http://www.bozemanscience.com/significant-digits

11:18 CC1.4,FP1.2,copyandmemorizeSIPrefixesonp.17(gigadowntopicoonly),CC1.5,FP1.3,FMP1.3,CC1.6,FP1.4,FP1.5,FP1.6

13-26

Dimensionalanalysis(akafactorlabelmethod)conversionfactor,

FactorLabelMethod

http://www.bozemanscience.com/factor-label-method

9:50 FP1.7,FP1.8,FP1.9,SAQ#8

26-33

Ch.2BookWork

WordstoDefine VideoTitle VideoLink Length Problems PagesLawofDefiniteProportions,LawofMultipleProportions

ElementsandMolecules

http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-chem-001-molecules-elements

6:08 FP2.1,FP2.2,39 47-50

Amu,atomicnumber,isotope,massnumber,atomicmass,massspectrometry

MassSpectrometry

http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-chem-009-mass-spectrometry

8:19 FP2.3,FP2.5,SAQ15,71,73

56-59,65-69

Mole,Avogadro’snumber,molarmass

TheMole http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-chem-003-the-mole

7:01 FP2.6,FP2.7,FMP2.7,SAQ14

69-73

Ch.3BookWorkWordstoDefine VideoTitle VideoLink Length Problems PagesMolecularcompound,empiricalformula,molecularformula,structuralformula,ball-and-stickmodel,space-fillingmodel,formulaunit

IonicNamingNamingAcids

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFn3LDwohGw&t=81shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLKzqxqeba8

Watchasmuchasyouneedtooftheselectures.5notestotalneeded(not10)

FP3.1,FP3.2,FP3.3,FP3.4,FP3.5,FMP3.5,FP3.6,FMP3.6,FP3.7,FMP3.7,FP3.8,FMP3.8,FP3.9,FP3.10,FMP3.10,23,25,27,31,51,53,157,SAQ1

87-106

Formulamass,masspercent

IntrotoMassPercent

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmmPYp1pYrY

15:24*Watch/fast-forwardasneededforyou

FR3.12,FP3.13,FMP3.13,FR3.14,FMP3.14,FP3.15,FMP3.15,SAQ10

107-113

Empiricalformulamolarmass,combustionanalysis*IamgoingtoEXTENSIVELYteachthisportioninclass,sodon’tfreakoutorworrytoomuchaboutthismath

ChemicalAnalysis

http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-chem-002-chemical-analysis

7:23 FP3.19,79 114-118

BalancingEquations Beginner’sGuidetoBalancingEquations

http://www.bozemanscience.com/beginners-guide-balancing-equationshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=En3Jzso0fP4

2:00*OnlywatchtheLASTtwominutes1:29*Fivenotestotalforbothvideos

FP3.22FP3.23,FR3.24,101,103,105,107,SAQ15(answerandshowwork)

119-123

APChemistryIons

MonatomicCations MonatomicAnions PolyatomicCations PolyatomicAnions

Group1(includingH)H+1,hydrogenLi+1,lithiumNa+1,sodiumK+1,potassiumCs+1,cesium

Group2Be+2,berylliumMg+2,magnesiumCa+2,calciumSr+2,strontiumBa+2,barium

Group13Al+3,aluminum

TransitionandHeavierMetals

Cr+2,chromium(II)Cr+3,chromium(III)

Mn+2,manganese(II)Mn+4,manganese(IV)Mn+7,manganese(VII)

Cu+1,copper(I)Cu+2,copper(II)

Fe+2,iron(II)Fe+3,iron(III)

Pb+2,lead(II)Pb+4,lead(IV)

Hg+2,mercury(II)

Ni+2,nickel(II)Ni+3,nickel(III)

Sn+2,tin(II)Sn+4,tin(IV)

Ag+1,silverZn+2,zinc

Group17andHH-1,hydrideF-1,fluorideCl-1,chlorideBr-1,bromideI-1,iodide

Group16O-2,oxideS-2,sulfide

Group15N-3,nitride

P-3,phosphide

Ammonium,NH4+1

Mercury(I),Hg2+2

Acetate,C2H3O2-1

Bicarbonate(hydrogencarbonate),HCO3-1Carbonate,CO3-2

Perchlorate,ClO4-1Chlorate,ClO3-1Chlorite,ClO2-1

Hypochlorite,ClO-1

Permanganate,MnO4-1

Cyanide,CN-1

Hydroxide,OH-1

Peroxide,O2-2

Nitrate,NO3-1Nitrite,NO2-1

Chromate,CrO4-2Dichromate,Cr2O7-2

Sulfate,SO4-2Sulfite,SO3-2

Phosphate,PO4-3Phosphite,PO3-3

***Note:TransitionmetalsarenamedwithRomannumeralstoindicatetheiroxidationstate(charge)iftheyhavemultipleoxidationstates.Silverandzincaretheonlytransitionmetalsonthislistthathaveasingleoxidationstateandthereforearenotnamedwithromannumerals.AslongasyouknowwhichtransitionmetalsneedRomannumerals,individualchargesofthesemetalsdonotneedtobememorized.

AdvancedPlacementChemistryReviewAssignment

Topic1:SignificantFigures&ScientificNotation

1. Countthenumberofsignificantfiguresinthefollowingmeasurements.

a.2.71g_____ b.0.00047kg______c.7.0x105m_______d.1,030L_____

e.150pencils__________f.37500µg______g.0.1010cm______

2. Expresseachofthefollowinginproperscientificnotation(Payattentiontosigfigsandunits).

a. 0.000125m_________________ b.155.0mL______________________

c.123,030,000ng_________________ d.481.9x10-9cm_________________

3. Calculatethecorrectanswerwithproperunitsandsignificantfiguresforeachofthefollowing:

a. 12g+0.677g+86.33g=______________________

b. (355.78g)/(0.056g)=_______________________

c. 97.34mL–34.1mL=_______________________

d. 14.68x5=_______________________

4. Performthefollowingcalculationswithscientificnotationandreportyouranswerwiththecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures.

a. 0.14x(6.02x1023)=__________________________

b. (9.875x104)–(9.795x104)x100%=___________________(assume100isexact)9.875x104

c. (3.8x10-12x4.0x10-13)=______________________

(4x1012x6.3x1013)

Topic2:DimensionalAnalysis

Showworkusingdimensionalanalysis.Nowork=nocreditevenifansweriscorrect.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrulesunlessthenumberofsignificantfiguresisspecified.Includeunitswhereappropriate.

5. Howmanyhoursareinaweek?Reportyouranswertothreesignificantfigures.

6. Findthenumberofcentimetersin1.00x102yards.(1yd=3ft,1ft=12in,2.54cm=1in)

7. IfJulesVerneexpressedthetitleofhisfamousbook,TwentyThousandLeaguesundertheSeainbasicSIunits,whatwouldthetitlebe?Roundyouranswertothreesignificantfigures.(1league=3.45mi,1mi=1609m)

8. HowmanyµLarepresentin250mLofH2O?

9. Wavelengthsareoftenrepresentedinnm.Whatisthediameterofahelium(He)atominnmifitisequivalentto1.0x10-13km?

10. Theareaofarectangularroomhasalengthof10.5mandawidthof4.50m.Whatisthisareainm2?Incm2?

11. Theaccelerationofasphereisdeterminedtobe9.52m/s2.Whatistheaccelerationinkm/min2?

Topic3:DensityandTemperature

Showallwork.Nowork=nocreditevenifansweriscorrect.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrules.Includeunitswhereappropriate.

12. Arectangularblockhasdimensionsof2.9cmx3.5cmx10.0cm.Themassoftheblockis615.0grams.Whatarethevolumeandthedensityoftheblock?

13. Thedensityofpuresilveris10.5g/mLat20°C.If5.25gramsofpuresilverpelletsareaddedtoagraduatedcylindercontaining11.2mLofwater,towhatvolumewillthewaterinthecylinderrise?

14. Youcanfigureoutwhetherasubstancefloatsorsinksifyouknowitsdensityandthedensityoftheliquid.Inwhichoftheliquidslistedbelowwillhigh-densitypolyethylene,HDPE,float?HDPE,acommonplastic,hasadensityof0.97g/cm3.Itdoesnotdissolveinanyofthefollowingliquids.

Substance Density(g/cm3)

ethyleneglycol 1.1088

water 0.9997

ethanol 0.7893

methanol 0.7914

aceticacid 1.0492

glycerol 1.2613

15. Mercuryisfoundasaliquidatroomtemperature.Ifithasaboilingpointof630.K,whatisthisboilingpointindegreesCelsius?

Topic4:PrecisionandAccuracy

16. Thedensityofethanolwasdeterminedexperimentallyat25°Cinaseriesoftrialstobe0.608g/mL,0.705g/mL,and0.689g/mL.Theaccepteddensityofethanolisreportedtobe0.789g/mL.a. Aretheexperimentaldensitiesprecise?Why/Whynot?

b. Calculate%errorforthisexperiment.Usetheaverageexperimentaldensityinyourcalculationandreportyouranswerto0.1%.Showyourwork.

c. Aretheexperimentaldensitiesaccurate?Why/Whynot?

Topic5:PropertiesandChanges

17. Categorizeeachofthefollowingasanelement,acompound,oramixture:

a. carbonatedwater ______________

b. tungsten ______________

c. aspirin(acetylsalicylicacid) ______________

d. air ______________

e. lye(sodiumhydroxide) ______________

f. fluorine ______________

18. Ironpyrite,alsoknownasfool’sgold,hasashinygoldenmetallicappearance.Crystalsareoftenintheformofperfectcubes.Acubeofironpyritemeasuring0.40cmoneachsidehasamassof0.064g.

a. Whichoftheseobservationsarequalitativeandwhicharequantitative?

b. Whichoftheseobservationsareextensive(dependentontheamountofsubstancepresent)andwhichareintensive(independentoftheamountofsubstancepresent)?

19. Identifythefollowingasaphysicalproperty,physicalchange,chemicalproperty,orchemicalchange:a. Ethanolhasadensityof0.697g/mL. _________________

b. Thesolutionturnsblueuponmixingwaterandfoodcoloring. _________________

c. Woodburnsinanoven. _________________

d. Methylalcoholishighlyflammable. _________________

e. Icemeltsinabeaker. _________________

f. Methylethanoatesmellslikeapples. _________________

g. Ironrustsonacar. _________________

h. Alkalimetalsreactstronglyinhydrochloricacid. _________________

Topic6:AtomStructure&History

20. Howmanyprotonsandneutronsarecontainedinthenucleusofeachofthefollowingatoms?Howmanyelectronsarepresentineachoftheseneutralatoms?

a. ____protons ____neutrons ____electrons

b. ____protons ____neutrons ____electrons

21. Completethefollowingtable:Name Mass# Atomic# #ofProtons #ofNeutrons #ofElectrons Symbol

Gallium-70 31

Strontium-80 36

22. Thenaturalabundanceforboronisotopesis19.9%boron-10(exactmass10.013amu)and80.1%boron-11(exactmass11.009amu).Calculatetheaverageatomicmassofboronusingtheexactmassesinsteadofmassnumbersinyourcalculations.Showyourwork.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrules.Includeappropriateunits.

23. Europiumhastwostableisotopes,151Euand153Eu,withmassesof150.9197uand152.9212u,respectively.Calculatethepercentabundancesoftheseisotopesofeuropiumto0.1%.Hint:Thepercentabundancesof

C136Pb208

82

33115

-P

25525

+Mn

thesetwoisotopesmustaddto100%.Showyourwork.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrules.Includeappropriateunits.

24. Identifythescientist(s)notedforthefollowingeventsinatomichistory. a.identifiedtheelectron;notedfortheplumpuddingmodel_______________

b.notedforthefirstatomictheoryoftheatom;solidspheremodel_____________

c.developedtheplanetarymodel;electronsinfixedorbits______________

d.developedthequantummechanicalmodel;electronsarelocalizedtoorbitals____________________________________________

e.identifiedtheprotonandthenucleus;nuclearmodel________________

f.determinedthechargeofanelectron_________________

g.describedwavetheory________________

h.knownfortheuncertaintyprinciple________________

i.developedquantumnumbers________________

25.Identifythemodeloftheatomdescribedinthefollowingstatements.

a.currentlyacceptedmodel_____________________

b.modelthatfirstincludedasubatomicparticle____________________

c.modeldevelopedusingthegoldfoilexperiment_____________________

d.originalmodeloftheatom;atomwasthoughttobe“indivisible”__________________

e.modelthatonlyshowedthemovementofhydrogen’selectronaccurately;involved“quantums” ______________________

Topic7:PeriodicTableStructure

Identifybynamethegrouporsectionoftheperiodictablenotedforthefollowingfeatures.

26.a.groupcontainingthemostreactivenonmetals;allarediatomics;form-1ions______________

b.groupcontainingmetalsthatonlyform+2ions______________________________

c.setofmetalsthatoftenformcoloredionsinsolution;themajorityhavemultiplechargesasions

__________________________

d.groupcontainingthemostreactivemetals;form+1ions______________________

e.groupcontainingleastreactiveelementsonperiodictable,typicallyinert_________________

27. TheseelementsstartwiththeletterB:B,Ba,Bk,Bi,andBr.Identifywhichoftheseelementsmatchthefollowingdescriptions.Youmayuseelementsonce,morethanonce,ornotatall.a. Whicharemetals?_____________________

b. Whichareliquids?_____________________

c. Whichareactinides?_____________________

d. Whicharemainblockelements?_____________________

Topic8:CompoundNomenclature

28.Nameorgivetheformulaforthefollowingcompounds.Allionsincludedinthesummerletterarerequiredtobememorizedbynameandbyformula.

Name Formula

a. lithiumfluoride _____________

b. __________________________K2O

c. calciumphosphate _____________

d. __________________________MnCl2

e. silversulfide _____________

f. __________________________Cu2O

g. aluminumsulfate _____________

h. __________________________ZnCO3

i. chromium(III)phosphide _____________

j. __________________________SO3

k. lead(IV)hydroxide _____________

l. __________________________N2O5

m. ammoniumsulfite _____________

n.__________________________ BaCr2O7

o. sodiumperoxide _____________

p.__________________________ NH3(usecommonnames;seeppt/videosifnecessary)

q.nickel(II)hypochlorite _____________

r.__________________________ Fe(CN)3

s.rubidiumchromate _____________

t.__________________________ Mg3(PO4)2

Topic9:Equations29.Balancethefollowingequationsusingthelowestwhole-numbercoefficients.

a.__Fe+__P4à__Fe3P2

b.__Ca+__H2Oà__Ca(OH)2+__H2

c.__Ba(OH)2+__H3PO4à__Ba3(PO4)2+__H2O

d.__(NH4)2CO3+__Al(ClO3)3à__Al2(CO3)3+__NH4ClO3

30.Writebalancedchemicalequationsforthefollowingwordequations.Usethelowestpossiblewhole-numbercoefficientstobalancetheequations.

a. Aqueoussolutionsofammoniumsulfateandbariumnitrateformaprecipitateofbariumsulfateandaqueousammoniumnitrate.

b. Elementalmagnesiumandoxygengascombinetoformsolidmagnesiumoxide.

c. Chlorinegasandaqueouspotassiumbromidereacttoformbromineliquidandaqueouspotassiumchloride.

d. Solidcopper(II)carbonatedecomposestoformcrystalsofcopper(II)oxideandcarbondioxidegas.

e. Sulfuricacidisneutralizedbylithiumhydroxidetoformwaterandaqueouslithiumsulfate.

f. Liquidbenzene,C6H6,undergoescombustioninoxygengas,makingcarbondioxidegasandsteam.

Topic10:MoleConversions&Stoichiometry

Showyourwork.Nowork=nocredit.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrules.Includeappropriateunits.

31. a.Calculatethenumberofmolesin500.atomsofiron(Fe).

b.Whatisthemolarmassoflead(IV)carbonate,Pb(CO3)2?

c.Howmanyformulaunitsarepresentin87.2gramsoflead(IV)carbonate?

d.Whatpercentageofoxygenisfoundinlead(IV)carbonate?Roundyouranswerto0.1%.

32.ThereusableboosterrocketsoftheU.S.spaceshuttleemployedamixtureofaluminumandammoniumperchlorateforfuel.Apossiblereactionforthisis:

__Al(s)+__NH4ClO4(s)à__Al2O3(s)+__AlCl3(s)+_NO(g)+__H2O(g)

a.Balancetheabovereactionusingthelowestpossiblewhole-numbercoefficients.

b.If4.00gofaluminumreactedcompletely,howmanygramsofaluminumoxidewouldbemade?

c.If4.18gofaluminumchloridewasproduced,howmanymolesofammoniumperchloratewouldbeconsumed?

d.Howmanymoleculesofnitrogenmonoxidewouldformif6.3x1025formulaunitsofaluminumoxidewerealsoproduced?

33.Thedecompositionofammoniaisshowninthefollowingequation:2NH3(g)àN2(g)+3H2(g).

a.42.0gofnitrogenhaswhatvolumeinlitersatSTP?

b.150LofNH3undergoesdecompositiontoformhowmanylitersofhydrogengasatSTP?

c.HowmanylitersofammoniaweredecomposedatSTPif3.0x1023nitrogenmoleculeswere

made?