APA STYLEEnglish 111 Research and Documentation

The Norton Field Guide to Writing (2010) says, “saying how we know what we know and where we got our information is part of establishing our credibility and persuading others to take what we say seriously” (p. 425).

APA Style

1. One goal for essay #3 is successfully quoting sources from the Essay #3 Readings in your papers. Quoting reliable sources will help to make your essay stronger.

2. You acknowledge those sources of information in the body of your essay using in-text citations and in a reference page at the end.

3. There are many different styles of acknowledging your sources…For this paper, you will use APA Style.

APA Style

Before we get to APA Style… Quoting Summarizing Paraphrasing

These are three ways of incorporating other writer’s work into your own writing.

For Essay #3 you are required to integrate quotes (at least 1) from the Essay #3 Readings.

For more information, see Chapter 46.

QUOTING

Use a quote if: The wording is worth repeating and makes

a point so well that no rewording will do it justice.

You want to cite the exact words of a known authority on your topic.

His/her opinions challenge or disagree with those of others.

The source is one you want to EMPHASIZE.

QUOTING

Quotes LESS than 40 words: Incorporate into your text

In her article on the impact of media violence on children, Maggie Cutler defends the media by stating, “The rule of the real says that however strong media influences may be, real life is stronger. Real love, real money, real political events, and real life, unmediated interpersonal experiences all shape kids’ lives, minds, and behavior, more powerfully than any entertainment products” (2001, p. 689). It is impossible to blame the media when we cannot truly understand the real life influences of each and every child who acts out violently.

Quote Omissions

If you delete words from a quotation, insert three ellipsis marks to indicate the deletion. Leave one space before the first ellipsis and one

space after the last. The rule of the real says however strong media

influences may be, … real life, unmediated interpersonal experience[s] all shape kids’ lives, minds, and behavior more powerfully than any entertainment product.

If you omit a sentence or more in the middle of a quotation, don’t forget the period at the end of the last sentence.

Why use it? To give credit where credit is dueIf you make a claim or argument, you should be able to back it up with a reliable, published source.By referencing your sources, the reader can decide whether or not your sources are credible, and therefore, whether you are credible.

APA Style

APA Style

APA Style There are 2 major elements to

consider:References Page In-Text Citations

REFERENCES PAGE

References is the title of this page. It should be centered at the top of the page with no extra spaces before or after.

Alphabetize all of your sources by the author’s last name.

Use hanging indentation: indent all of the lines after the first line of each source listed.

Each source you cite in your paper must appear on your references list. Likewise, each source on your reference list must be cited in your text.

REFERENCES PAGE

Be sure that every source you cite in the text of your paper appears on your references list.

Refer to The Norton Field Guide to Writing pages 487 - 508 for information on how to cite each of your sources in the references page.

REFERENCES PAGE - example from the book.

REFERENCES PAGE - Essay #3

In-Text Citations

You list all of your sources in your references page, but you need to ALSO give credit to the sources in the body of your essay by using in-text citations.

In-Text Citations

When using APA format, follow the author-date-page# method of in-text citation.

This means that the following 3 things must appear in your essay for every quote. author's last name the year of publication for the source

the page number

In-Text Citations: Signal Phrases

Quotes with a signal phrase (aka: tag line) Put the date in parentheses right after the

author’s name. Put the page number in parentheses as close to

the end of the quotation as possible. According to Jones (1998), "Students often had

difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).

Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199).

On their first attempt, “students often had difficulty using APA style,” said Jones (1998, p. 18).

In-Text Citations: NO Signal Phrase

If you do not use a signal phrase to identify the author, give the author, date and page number between parentheses at the end of the quote or paraphrase. QUOTE

On their first attempt, “students often had difficulty using APA style” (Jones, 1998, p. 18).

PARAPHRASE OR SUMMARY The first time using APA is very difficult for

many students (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

For more information, see Chapter 50 in The Norton Field Guide to Writing.

APA Lecture…THE END

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