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3/4/02 S. Davenport © 1 Appendicular Skeleton •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower limbs

•Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

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Page 1: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 1

Appendicular Skeleton

•Pectoral girdles•Upper limbs•Pelvic girdle•Lower limbs

Page 2: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 2

PECTORAL GIRDLES

• Pectoral girdles– Scapulae– Clavicles

Pectoral girdles, as seen in anterior view

Pectoral girdles, as seen in a posterior view

Page 3: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 3

ScapulaIdentify:Right side or left side?Anterior or posterior?• Acromion process• Axillary border• Corocoid process• Glenoid cavity (fossa)• Superior border• Vertebral border

Page 4: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 4

ScapulaIdentify:Right side or left side?Anterior or posterior?• Acromion process• Axillary border• Corocoid process• Glenoid cavity (fossa)• Spine• Superior border• Vertebral border

Page 5: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 5

Articulations of Scapula• What bones articulate

with the scapula?• Specifically what

articulates at the– Glenoid cavity (fossa)?– Acromion process?

• How does the body of the scapula attach to the rib cage?

Page 6: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 6

Clavicle

• Identify– Sternal end– Acromial end

Page 7: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 7

Articulations of Clavicle

• What bones articulate with the clavicle?• Specifically what articulates at the

– Acromial end?– Sternal end?

Page 8: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 8

UPPER LIMB• Arm

– Humerus• Forearm

– Radius– Ulna

• Hand– Carpals– Metacarpals– Phalanges

Page 9: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 9

Upper Limbs• Consists of the

– Right and left humeri (#1)• Each articulates proximally with its respective

scapula and distally with its respective ulna and radius

– Right and left radii (#2)• Each articulates proximally with its respective

humerus and ulna and distally with its respective hand (wrist, or carpus) and ulna

– Right and left ulnas (#3)• Each articulates proximally with its respective

humerus and radius and distally with an articular disk (which separates the carpusfrom its respective radius)

– Right and left hands (#4)• Each articulates proximally with its respective

radius and an articular disk (which separates from ulna)

Left, upper limb, anterior

Right, upper limb, anterior

Page 10: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 10

ARM

• Humerus– The humerus is the only bone of the arm

Page 11: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 11

HumerusIdentify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Deltoid tuberosity• Greater tubercle• Head• Intertubercular groove• Lesser tubercle• Surgical neck

Page 12: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 12

HumerusIdentify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Capitulum• Coronoid fossa• Diaphysis• Lateral epicondyle• Medial epicondyle• Radial fossa• Trochlea

Page 13: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 13

Humerus

Identify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Anatomical neck• Greater tubercle• Head• Surgical neck

Page 14: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 14

HumerusIdentify:Anterior or Posterior?Left or Right side?• Diaphysis• Lateral epicondyle• Medial epicondyle• Olecranon fossa• Trochlea

Page 15: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 15

Articulations ofHumerus

• The humerus articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– head of humerus?– trochlea?– capitulum?

Page 16: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 16

FOREARM

• Radius and ulna are the bones of the forearm.– Ulna is medial– Radius is lateral

Page 17: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 17

Ulna

Identify:• Olecranon process• Trochlear notch• Coronoid process• Radial notch

Page 18: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 18

Ulna

Identify• Diaphysis• Head

Page 19: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 19

Ulna

Identify:• Coronoid process• Olecranon process• Radial notch• Trochlear notch

Page 20: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 20

Ulna

Identify:• Diaphysis• Head• Styloid process

Page 21: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 21

Ulnar articulations

• The ulna articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– trochlear notch?– radial notch?– head of radius?

Page 22: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 22

Radius

Identify• Head• Neck• Radial tuberosity

Page 23: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 23

Radius

Identify• Diaphysis• Styloid process• Ulnar notch

Page 24: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 24

Articulations of Radius

• The radius articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– head?– distal concave surface?

Page 25: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 25

HAND

• Hand consists of three bony regions– Carpal bones– Metacarpal bones– Phalanges

Page 26: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 26

HandIdentify• Carpals• Distal phalanx• Metacarpals• Middle phalanx• Phalanges• Pollex• Proximal phalanx

Page 27: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 27

Articulations of Hand

• The hand articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates with the:– carpals, the lunate and

scaphoid?

Page 28: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 28

PELVIC GIRDLE

• Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones (os coxae)– Anterior articulation between two

coxal bones is the pubic symphysis– Posterior articulation of coxal

bones is with the sacrum– Lateral articulation of coxal bones

is with head of each femur• Pelvis consists of the pelvic

girdle, sacrum, and coccyx

Page 29: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 29

Coxal bone6 Identify:

• Anterior inferior iliac spine• Auricular surface• Ilium• Ischium• Obturator foramen• Pubis

Page 30: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 30

Coxal boneIdentify:• Acetabulum• Anterior inferior iliac spine• Anterior superior iliac spine• Iliac crest• Ischial tuberosity• Obturator foramen• Pubis

Page 31: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 31

Articulations of the Coxal Bone

• The coxal bone articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– Pubis?– Acetabulum?– Auricular surface?

Page 32: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 32

LOWER LIMBS• Thigh

– Femur is the only bone of the thigh• Leg

– Tibia is medial weight bearing bone– Fibula is lateral bone

• Foot– Tarsal bones– Metatarsal bones– Phalanges

Page 33: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 33

Lower Limbs• Consists of the

– Femurs (#1)• Proximally each articulates with its respective coxal

bone and distally with its respective patella (anteriorly) and tibia (inferiorly)

– Patellas (#2)• Each patella articulates with its respective femur (distal

anterior surface) – Tibias (#3)

• Proximally each tibia articulates with its respective femur and fibula and distally with its respective foot (carpus, or ankle) and fibula

– Fibulas (#4)• Proximally each fibula articulates with its respective

tibia and distally with its respective foot (carpus, or ankle) and tibia

– Feet (#5)• The carpus (ankle) of each foot articulates with its

respective tibia and fibula

Left, lower limb, anterior

Right, lower limb, anterior

Page 34: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 34

Femur

Identify:Right or left side?Anterior or posterior?• Head• Greater trochanter• Lesser trochanter• Neck

Page 35: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 35

Femur

Identify:• Diaphysis• Lateral condyle• Lateral epicondyle• Medial condyle• Medial epicondyle• Patellar surface

Page 36: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 36

FemurIdentify• Greater trochanter• Head• Intertrochanteric crest• Lesser trochanter• Neck

Page 37: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 37

Femur

Identify:• Diaphysis• Intercondylar notch• Lateral condyle• Lateral epicondyle• Medial condyle• Medial epicondyle

Page 38: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 38

Articulations of Femur

• The femur articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates at the:– Head?– Medial and lateral condyles?– Patellar surface?

Page 39: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 39

Patella

• What is a sesamoid bone?

• The patella and its tendon anchors the anterior thigh muscles to _____ ?

Page 40: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 40

Tibia

Identify:• Lateral condyle• Medial condyle• Tibial tuberosity

Page 41: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 41

Tibia

Identify:• Anterior crest• Diaphysis• Medial malleolus

Page 42: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 42

Tibia

Identify• Lateral condyle• Medial condyle• Tibial facet of

proximal tibiofibularjoint

Page 43: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 43

Tibia

Identify• Diaphysis• Fibular notch (distal

tibiofibular joint)• Medial malleolus

Page 44: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 44

Articulations of Tibia

• Is the tibia medial or lateral?• The tibia articulates with which

bones?• Specifically what articulates at

the:– Medial and lateral condyles?– Facet at proximal tibiofibular joint?– Medial malleolus?– Distal blunt surface of tibia?

Page 45: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 45

Fibula

Identify:• Diaphysis• Head

Page 46: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 46

Identify:• Diaphysis• Lateral malleolus

Page 47: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 47

Articulations of Fibula

• Is the fibula medial or lateral?• The fibula articulates with which

bones?• Specifically what articulates at

the:– Head?– Lateral malleolus?– Distal end of diaphysis?

Page 48: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 48

FOOTIdentify:Right or left foot?• Calcaneus• Hallux• Metatarsals • Phalanges• Talus• Tarsals

Page 49: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 49

Foot

Identify:• Calcaneus• Metatarsals• Phalanges• Talus• Tarsals

Page 50: •Pectoral girdles •Upper limbs •Pelvic girdle •Lower …LOWER LIMBS •Thigh – Femur is the only bone of the thigh • Leg – Tibia is medial weight bearing bone – Fibula

3/4/02 S. Davenport © 50

Articulations of Foot

• The foot articulates with which bones?

• Specifically what articulates with the:– talus?– calcaneus?