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APOLLO KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
Preserving and Transferring the
Apollo Legacy to a New Generation
APOLLO KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
Preserving and Transferring the
Apollo Legacy to a New Generation
Charles A. Lundquist, UAH
Dennis Wingo, Skycorp
Charles A. Lundquist, UAH
Dennis Wingo, Skycorp
APOLLO KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
APOLLO KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
A perplexing issue is how to convey knowledge and experience from the Apollo Program in a way that is effectively helpful to the present teams planning return missions to the Moon.
The transfer is particularly difficult because an interval of some forty years must be bridged and there is little personnel continuity.
A perplexing issue is how to convey knowledge and experience from the Apollo Program in a way that is effectively helpful to the present teams planning return missions to the Moon.
The transfer is particularly difficult because an interval of some forty years must be bridged and there is little personnel continuity.
COOPERATIONCOOPERATION
Obviously, the effective transfer of Apollo know how will not be accomplished by any single entity.
Cooperation between national agencies, private companies, universities, libraries and other entities will be required.
Obviously, the effective transfer of Apollo know how will not be accomplished by any single entity.
Cooperation between national agencies, private companies, universities, libraries and other entities will be required.
ONLINE INFORMATION ACCESS
ONLINE INFORMATION ACCESS
Present lunar team members have grown up in the era of computer data bases.
They are skilled at accessing online data.
One obvious aid to them is to provide Apollo knowledge and experience in computer searchable data bases.
Present lunar team members have grown up in the era of computer data bases.
They are skilled at accessing online data.
One obvious aid to them is to provide Apollo knowledge and experience in computer searchable data bases.
OBJECTIVES OF THE UAH EFFORTOBJECTIVES OF THE UAH EFFORT
An acknowledged role of any university is to provide a repository of knowledge and to convey that knowledge.
The University of Alabama in Huntsville, UAH, accepts a particular responsibility to preserve and transfer space knowledge.
The UAH Archives and Special Collections play a principal role in this function.
Online access to the collections is a crucial policy decision.
An acknowledged role of any university is to provide a repository of knowledge and to convey that knowledge.
The University of Alabama in Huntsville, UAH, accepts a particular responsibility to preserve and transfer space knowledge.
The UAH Archives and Special Collections play a principal role in this function.
Online access to the collections is a crucial policy decision.
UAH ARCHIVES AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONSUAH ARCHIVES AND
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
Record collections for space programs
Selected space books and journals
Memoirs of space participants
Video and oral history recordings
Record collections for space programs
Selected space books and journals
Memoirs of space participants
Video and oral history recordings
PERTINENT LUNAR PROGAM COLLECTIONS
PERTINENT LUNAR PROGAM COLLECTIONS
Saturn V - catalog onlineApollo Missions - processingLunar Roving Vehicle - catalog online
Group for Lunar Exploration Planning - processing
Online at http://lib.uah.edu/then click ‘Digital Archives’
Saturn V - catalog onlineApollo Missions - processingLunar Roving Vehicle - catalog online
Group for Lunar Exploration Planning - processing
Online at http://lib.uah.edu/then click ‘Digital Archives’
GROUP FOR LUNAR EXPLORATION PLANNING
GROUP FOR LUNAR EXPLORATION PLANNING
GLEP established in 1967Initial membership, Aug 1967 W.N.Hess,chair E.King P.Gast J.
Arnold E.Shoemaker R.Jahns F.Press
C.Lundquist M. Calvin F.Johnson D.Williams
N.Roman P.Culbertson R.Allenby M.Faget
W.Stoney
H.Gartrell H.Schmitt
Met frequently to recommend sites and objectives for Apollo missions
GLEP established in 1967Initial membership, Aug 1967 W.N.Hess,chair E.King P.Gast J.
Arnold E.Shoemaker R.Jahns F.Press
C.Lundquist M. Calvin F.Johnson D.Williams
N.Roman P.Culbertson R.Allenby M.Faget
W.Stoney
H.Gartrell H.Schmitt
Met frequently to recommend sites and objectives for Apollo missions
VIDEO INTERVIEWS AND TALKS
VIDEO INTERVIEWS AND TALKS
1980s interviews with von Braun team members
2006-7 interviews with other early team members (some 70 to date)
Various forums, commemorations and public events
Online at http://lib.uah.edu/then click ‘Digital Archives’,then click ‘Oral Histories Collections’
1980s interviews with von Braun team members
2006-7 interviews with other early team members (some 70 to date)
Various forums, commemorations and public events
Online at http://lib.uah.edu/then click ‘Digital Archives’,then click ‘Oral Histories Collections’
FACTORS FOR APOLLO SUCCESSDistilled from Oral HistoriesFACTORS FOR APOLLO SUCCESSDistilled from Oral Histories
Unequivocal political and popular support
Adequate budget Recognized skillful leadership Experienced team Feasible plan Schedule discipline Commitment to testing Open personal communications
Unequivocal political and popular support
Adequate budget Recognized skillful leadership Experienced team Feasible plan Schedule discipline Commitment to testing Open personal communications
UPDATED STANDARD FORMAT
UPDATED STANDARD FORMAT
An issue faced by all archives is that most old records exist in print form. The task of scanning to modern electronic format is labor intensive and sometimes destructive to the original documents
An archiving entity has the task of transforming records into a current format that facilitates online access.
An issue faced by all archives is that most old records exist in print form. The task of scanning to modern electronic format is labor intensive and sometimes destructive to the original documents
An archiving entity has the task of transforming records into a current format that facilitates online access.
UPDATING ELECTRONIC RECORDS
UPDATING ELECTRONIC RECORDS
There are very few surviving electronic records from the Apollo era. Those that survive are in obsolete digital or analog formats. Also the machines that originally recorded them do not exist or have not been functional in decades.
Dedicated efforts must be undertaken by skilled engineers and retirees originally involved to recover these data sets.
There are very few surviving electronic records from the Apollo era. Those that survive are in obsolete digital or analog formats. Also the machines that originally recorded them do not exist or have not been functional in decades.
Dedicated efforts must be undertaken by skilled engineers and retirees originally involved to recover these data sets.
LUNAR ORBITER Analog Tapes , AN EXAMPLE
LUNAR ORBITER Analog Tapes , AN EXAMPLE
Lunar Orbiter Highest Resolution Images Recorded on 2 inch Analog Tape
Tape Drives are 40 years old and have not operated in over 20 years.
Equatorial Images have 1-Meter Resolution Equal to NASA LRO 2009 Mission
Lunar Orbiter Highest Resolution Images Recorded on 2 inch Analog Tape
Tape Drives are 40 years old and have not operated in over 20 years.
Equatorial Images have 1-Meter Resolution Equal to NASA LRO 2009 Mission
LUNAR ORBITER IMAGE RECOVERYLUNAR ORBITER IMAGE RECOVERY
A cooperative project between NASA Ames, UAH, and Skycorp to refurbish Ampex FR-900 tape drives to digitize original Lunar Orbiter data.
These data exists in lower resolution form at USGS but in 40 years the original high resolution data has not been downloaded.
The LO Recovery effort will begin this summer. Original analog data tapes archived by GSFC/JPL have been transferred to Ames. Tape drives preserved by a foresighted retiree have been transferred to Ames as well.
A cooperative project between NASA Ames, UAH, and Skycorp to refurbish Ampex FR-900 tape drives to digitize original Lunar Orbiter data.
These data exists in lower resolution form at USGS but in 40 years the original high resolution data has not been downloaded.
The LO Recovery effort will begin this summer. Original analog data tapes archived by GSFC/JPL have been transferred to Ames. Tape drives preserved by a foresighted retiree have been transferred to Ames as well.
LUNAR ORBITER VALUE TO CURRENT SCIENCE
LUNAR ORBITER VALUE TO CURRENT SCIENCE
Lunar Orbiter was NASA’s first planetary mapping mission.
Lunar Orbiter provides baseline for study of recent impacts for 1 to 1 comparison to LRO Images
(Image at lower left 1 meter resolution “Chit” digitized from tapes in 60’s of boulder tracks from rolling downhill)
Lunar Orbiter was NASA’s first planetary mapping mission.
Lunar Orbiter provides baseline for study of recent impacts for 1 to 1 comparison to LRO Images
(Image at lower left 1 meter resolution “Chit” digitized from tapes in 60’s of boulder tracks from rolling downhill)
LUNAR CRATER INVESTIGATIONSOne example of the use of high
resolution images
LUNAR CRATER INVESTIGATIONSOne example of the use of high
resolution images
Crater and ejecta processes are major mechanisms on the lunar surface
Recent craters are interesting as sites for future visits.
Recent craters identified by brightness and through observations over time.
Telescope detection of impact flashes have been made over history and continue currently
One historic crater is identified where L. H. Stuart photographed an event on the moon in 1956
Crater and ejecta processes are major mechanisms on the lunar surface
Recent craters are interesting as sites for future visits.
Recent craters identified by brightness and through observations over time.
Telescope detection of impact flashes have been made over history and continue currently
One historic crater is identified where L. H. Stuart photographed an event on the moon in 1956
REVIEWSREVIEWS
Besides online access to original literature, another aid to present lunar team members is recourse to comprehensive surveys and reviews of earlier experience and understanding.
A number of useful reviews have been prepared, and can be accessible online.
Besides online access to original literature, another aid to present lunar team members is recourse to comprehensive surveys and reviews of earlier experience and understanding.
A number of useful reviews have been prepared, and can be accessible online.
A TYPICAL RECENT REVIEWA TYPICAL RECENT REVIEW
“Lunar Outpost Development and the Role of Mechanical Systems for Payload Handling” by Skycorp Inc. Feb. 10, 2007 112 pages
Authors: Dennis Ray Wingo, Gordon Woodcock, and Mark Maxwell
“Lunar Outpost Development and the Role of Mechanical Systems for Payload Handling” by Skycorp Inc. Feb. 10, 2007 112 pages
Authors: Dennis Ray Wingo, Gordon Woodcock, and Mark Maxwell
Value of Archiving Apollo Era Data Today
Value of Archiving Apollo Era Data Today
The Apollo era datasets, documents, and science process can provide the USA valuable insights as well as guidance on where to maximize results from the return to the Moon.
Providing this online via professional archival methods brings an orderly and timely resource to the nation today and for future generations
The Apollo era datasets, documents, and science process can provide the USA valuable insights as well as guidance on where to maximize results from the return to the Moon.
Providing this online via professional archival methods brings an orderly and timely resource to the nation today and for future generations
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
Given the scope of past, present and future lunar programs, and recognizing the large number of organizations involved, the information preservation and transfer task is indeed a challenging social and technological problem.
Given the scope of past, present and future lunar programs, and recognizing the large number of organizations involved, the information preservation and transfer task is indeed a challenging social and technological problem.
