- APPENDICES -

INITIALS AND ACRONYMS INDEX

4As American Association of Advertising Agencies ME Arts & Entertainment Network AAF American Advertising Federation AAMSL American Association of Media Specialists and Librarians AAVT Association of Audio-Visual Technicians ABC American Broadcasting Company ABSTC Advanced Broadcast Systems Test Centre ABU Asian Broadcasting Union ACA Association for Communication Administration ACATS Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service ACEJMC Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications ACI Advertising Council Inc. ACT Action for Children's Television ACTAT Association of Cinematographers, lV, and Allied Technicians ACTRA Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television, and Radio Artists ACVL Association of Cinema and Video Laboratories ADI area of dominant influence AE account executive AEA American Electronics Association AEJMC Asssociation for Education in Journalism and Mass Communications AERho Alpha Epsilon Rho AES Audio Engineering Society AETT Association for Educational and Training Technology AFA Advertising Federation of America AFBA Armed Forces Broadcasters Association AFFFT Academy of Family Films and Family Television AFI American Film Institute AFM American Federation of Musicians of the U,S. and Canada AFMA American Film Marketing Association AFRTS Armed Forces Radio and Television Service AFT automatic fine tuning AFTRA American Federation of Television and Radio Artists AFVA American Film and Video Association AGe automatic gain control AHA American Hospital Association AIlSA American Home Satellite Association AlCE Association of Independent Commercial Editors AlCP Association of Independent Commercial Producers AIM Accuracy in Media AIME Association for Information, Media, and Equipment AlT Agency for Instructional Technology AIVF Association of Independent Video and Film Makers ALS Adult Learning Services AM amplitude modulation 611

612 The Encyclopedia of Television, Cable, and Video

AMMI AMPAS AMST AMTEC ANA ANI APB APTV AQH ARB ARTS ASA ASCAP ASET ASHET ASTA ASTD ASTN ASTVC AT&T ATAS ATe ATSC ATV AVA AVC AVMA AWRT

BAFTA BAIT BAR BBC BCFMA BCTV BDA BEA BET Bm BM! BPME BRC BT&R BTA

Amertcan Museum of Moving Image Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences Association of Maximum Service Telecasters Association for Media and Technology in Education in Canada Association of National Advertisers automatic number identification Association for Public Broadcasting Amertca's Public Television Stations quarter-hour audience Amertcan Research Bureau Inc. Alpha Repertory TeleviSion Service Amertcan Sportscasters Association Amertcan Society of Composers, Authors, Publishers Australian Society of Educational Technology Amertcan Society for Health, Manpower, Education, and Training Advertiser Syndicated Television Association Amertcan Society for Training and Development Automotive Satellite Network Amertcan Society of 1V Cameramen Amertcan Telephone and Telegraph Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Amertcan Television and Communications Corporation Advanced Television Systems Committee advanced television Amertcan Video Association Association of Visual Communicators Audio-Visual Management Association Amertcan Women in Radio and Television

Brttish Academy of Film and Television Arts Black Awareness in Television Broadcast Advertising Reports Brttish Broadcasting Corporation Broadcast Cable Financial Management Association Brttish Columbia Television Broadcasting System Ltd. Broadcast DeSigners Association Broadcast Education Association Black Entertainment Television Broadcast Information Bureau Inc. Broadcast Music Inc. Broadcast Promotion and Marketing Executives Broadcast Rating Council Broadcast Traffic and Residuals best time available

C-Span Cable Satellite Public Affairs Network CAB Cable Advertising Bureau CAB Canadian Association of Broadcasters CAl computer-assisted instruction CAMERA Canadian Association of Motion Picture and Electronic Recording Artists CARS community antenna relay system CATA Community Antenna Television Association CATV community antenna television

The Encyclopedia of Television. Cable. and Video 613

CAV constant angular velocity CBA Commonwealth Broadcasting Association CBA Community Broadcasters Association CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CBS Columbia Broadcasting System CCD charge-coupled devices CCSN Community College Satellite Network CCTA Canadian Cable Television Association CCUMC Consortium of College and University Media Centers CD compact disc CED capacitance electronic disc CEN Central Educational Network CES Consumer Electronics Show CFEG Canadian Film Editors Guild Cine Council on International Nontheatrical Events CIT Cummission on Instructional Technology CITEL Inter-American Telecommunication Conference CLV constant linear velocity CMA College Media Advisors CMSA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area CNBC Consumer News and Business Channel CNN Cable News Network CNTV Center for New Television Cottam Committee on Local Television Audience Measurement COMSAC Communications Satellite Corporation CP construction permit CPB Corporation for Public Broadcasting CPE Columbia Pictures Entertainment CPM cost per thousand CPRP cost per rating pint CRT cathode ray tube CRT Copyright Royalty Tribunal CRTC Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission CSG community service grants CTAM Cable Television Administration and Marketing Society CU closeup CUB Council on UHF Broadcasting CUFC Consortium of University Film Centers

DA DAVI dB DBS DEMM DGA DGC DMA DOT DSMS DVE DVS

EBS EBU

distribution amplifier Division of Audio-Visual Instruction decibel direct broadcast satellite Division of Educational Media Management Directors Guild of America Directors Guild of Canada deSignated market area Division of Telecommunications Division of School Media Specialists digital video effects DeSCriptive Video Service

emergency broadcast system European Broadcasting Union

614 The Encyclopedia of Television. Cable. and Video

EDI EEN EEO EFLA EIA EMRC ERA ERP ET ETA ETAI ETRC

electronic data interchange Eastern Educational Network equal employment opportunity Educational Film Library Association Electronic Industry Association Electronic Media Ratings Council Electronics Representatives Association effective radiated power Entertainment Tonight Educational Television Association Electronic Technicians Association International Educational Television and Radio Center

ETV educational television EuDISED European Documentation and Information System for Education EWTN Eternal Word Television Network

FAE FAIR FCC FIM FM FTC FVA

GM GPNITL GRPs

HBI HBO HDTV HeSCA HRTS HUT Hz

IAA IABC IASUS IATSE IBA IBEW ICEM ICIA ID IEEE IERT IGC ITT INN Intelsat INTV IPS IQ

Fund for Adult Education Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting Federal Communications Commission Fairness in Media frequency modulation Federal Trade Commission Film/Video Arts

general manager Great Plains National Instructional Television Library gross rating pOints

Hubbard Broadcasting Inc. Home Box Office high definition television Health Sciences Communication Association Hollywood Radio and Television Society households using television hertz

International Advertising Association International Association of Business Communications International Association of Satellite Users and Suppliers International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees Independent Broadcasting Authority International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers International Council for Educational Media International Communication Industry Association station identification Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Institute for Education by Radio and Television Institute for Graphic Communication International Institute of Communications Independent Network News International Telecommunications Satellite Organization Association of Independent Television Stations Interregional Program Service International Quorum of Film and Video Producers

IRTS ISCE ISV ITA ITC ITCA ITFS ITS ITU lTV ITVA ITVS ruc IVC IVE

JCET

The Encyclopedia of Television. Cable. and Video 615

International Radio and Television Society International Society of Certified Electronics Technicians International Society of Videographers International Tape/Disc Association Instructional Telecommunication Consortium International Teleconferencing Association instructional television fIxed service International Teleproduction Society International Telecommunications Union instructional television International Television Association Independent 1V Service International University Consortium Interactive Videodisc Consortium International Video Entertainment

Joint Council on Educational Telecommunications JESCOM Jesuits in Communication in the U.S.

K KIPI

LlTA LOP LPTV LS LUC LUD LV LVR

MAP MAT MB MBC MCHC MCHS ME/U MHE MHz MMDS MPAA MPATI MS MSA MSG MSO MSTV

NAATA NAB NABET NABOB NABTS

kelvin Knowledge Industry Publications Inc.

Library and Information Technology Association least objectionable program low power television long shot lowest unit charges limited use discount policy laser videodisc longitudinal videotape recording

minimum-advertised price master antenna television Museum of Broadcasting Museum of Broadcasting Communications Mass Communications History Center Wisconsin State Historical Society: Mass Communications History Center Mind Extension University Media Home Entertainment megahertz multichannel multipoint distribution service Motion Picture Association of America Midwest Program on Airborne Television Instruction medium shot Metropolitan Statistical Area Madison Square Garden multiple system operator Association for Maximum Service Television

National Asian-American Telecommunications Association National Association of Broadcasters National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians National Association of Black-Owned Broadcasters North American Broadcast Teletext Standards

616 The Encyclopedia of Television. Cable. and Video

NACB National Association of College Broadcasters NAEB National Association of Educational Broadcasters NAMB National Association of Media Brokers NAMBA North American Broadcasters Association NAMID National Moving Image Data Base NAPTS National Association of Public Television Stations NARlIII National Association of Recording Merchandisers NARlIIIC National Association of Regional Media Centers NARTE National Association of Radio and Telecommunications Engineers NASTEMP National Association of State Educational Media Professionals NATAS National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences NAVC National Audio-Visual Center NAVD National Association of Video Distributors NBC National Broadcasting Company NBPC National Black Programming Consortium NCCET National Citizens Committee for Educational Television NCCPT National Citizens' Committee for Public Television NCI National Captioning Institute NCTA National Cable Television Association NCTI National Cable Television Institute NEDA National Electronic Distributors Association NESSDA National Electronics Sales and Service Dealers Association NET National Educational Television NETRC National Educational Television and Radio Center NFB National Film Board of Canada NFLCP National Federation of Local Cable Programmers NFPB National Friends of Public Broadcasting NHI Nielsen Home Video Index NHK Japan Broadcasting Corporation N1CEM National Information Center for Educational Media NUl not invented here NPACT National Public Affairs Center for Television NPS National Program Service NRB National Religious Broadcasters NSI Nielsen Station Index NSS Nielsen Syndicated Service NTA National Telefilm Associates NTA National Translator Association NTI Nielsen Television Index NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration NTU National Technological University NVC National Video Clearinghouse Inc. NVR National Video Resources NWICO New World Information and Communication Order

OFS OPT OTO OTP

PBFA PBL PBS PC

operations fixed service Operation Prime Time one-time-only Office of Telecommunication Policy

Public Broadcasting Financing Act of 1975 Public Broadcasting Laboratory Public Broadcasting Service personal computer

PD PFVEA PI PMC PMI PMN PPT PPV PRCA PSA PSSC PTAR PTe PTF PTV PUT

RCA ROS RTNDA RTRC

SIN SAG SAP SBCA SCA SCET SCTE SDRS SE SECA SEG SEG SERC SET SI SIN SIP SIVA SMATV SMPTE SNC SNG SOUTC SPC SSPI STA STC STL STV sync

TAR

The Encyclopedia of Television. Cable. and Video 617

public domain Professional Film and Video Equipment Association per inquiry Public Media Center Public Media Incorporated Pacific Mountain Network pay-per-transaction pay per view Pacific Rim Coproduction Association public service announcement Public Service Satellite Consortium prime time access rule Pacific Telecommunications Council Public Telecommunications Facilities Program public television people using television

Radio Corporation of America run-of-schedule Radio Television News Directors Association Radio and Television Research Council

signal-to-noise ratio Screen Actors Guild separate audio program Satellite Broadcasting and Communications Association Speech Communication Association Scottish Council for Educational Technology Society of Cable Television Engineers Standard Rate and Data Service special-event video Southern Educational Communications Association Screen Extras Guild special-effects generator Satellite Educational Resources Consortium Society for the Eradication of Television special interest (programming) Spanish International Network Station Independence Program SpeCial Interest Video Association satellite master antenna television Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers Satellite News Channel satellite news gathering Satellite Operators and Users Technical Committee station program cooperative Society of Satellite Professionals International special temporary authorization Satellite Television Corporation studio-transmitter link subscription television synchronization

total audience rating

618 The Encyclopedia of Television, Cable, and Video

TBC TBN TCA TCI TEe TERC TIO TLC TMC TNN TRAC TvB TVN TVO TVQ TVRO TVTV TW3

U-NET UCIDT UFVA UMA UNCA USIA USICA USSB UTOA

VCA VF VFA VHD VIA VQT VRA VSDA VSRA

WARC WBT WC WCA WCA WHCA WIBC WIC WIC WST

time base corrector Trinity Broadcasting Network Television Critics Association Tele-Communication Inc. The Entertainment Channel Technical Education Research Center Television Information Office The Learning Channel The Movie Channel The Nashville Network Telecommunications Research and Action Center Television Bureau of Advertising Television News Inc. 1VOntario 1VQ rating television receive only Top Value Television That Was the Week That Was

University Network University Consortium for Instructional Development and Technology University Film and Video Association University of Mid America United Nations Correspondents Association United States Information Agency U.S. International Communication Agency United States Satellite Broadcasting United 1VRO Owners Association

Video Club of America video floppy Video Free America video high density Videotext Industry Association Viewers for Quality Television Video Retailers Association Video Software Dealers Association Video Software Retailers Association

World Administrative Radio Conference Women in Broadcast Technology The Weather Channel Wireless Cable Association World Communication Association White House Correspondents Association World Institute of Black Communications Women in Cable Women in Communicatio World Standard Teletext

- BIBLIOGRAPHY -

Books

Baldwin. Thomas F. and D. Stevens McVoy. Cable Communication (2nd edition). 1988. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs. N.J.

Caruso. James R. and Mavis E. Arthur. Video Lighting and Special Effects. 1991. Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs. N.J.

Gross. Lynne Schafer. The New Television Technologies (3rd edition). 1990. Wm. C. Brown. Dubuque. la.

Hartwig. Robert L .. Basic 1V Technology. 1990. Focal Press. Stoneham. Mass.

Head. Sydney W. and Christopher H. Sterling. Broadcasting in America (6th edition). 1990. Houghton Mifflin. Boston. Mass.

Hudspeth. DeLayne R. and Ronald G. Brey. Instructional Communications: Principles and Applications. 1986. Praeger. New York.

Lardner. James. Fast Forward. 1987. W. W. Norton. New York.

McCavitt. William E. and Peter K. Pringle. Electronic Media Management. 1986. Butterworth Press. Stoneham. Mass.

McCroban. Donna. Prime Time. Our Time. 1990. Prima Publishing and Communications. Rocklin. Calif.

Nmungwum. Aaron FOisi. Video Recording Technology. 1989. Lawrence Erlbaum AssOCiates. Hillsdale. N.J.

Noll. A. Michael. Introduction to Telecommunication Electronics. 1988. Artech House. Norwood. Mass.

Roman. James W .• Cable Mania. 1983. Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs. N.J.

Scholtz. James C .• Developing and Maintaining Video Collections in Libraries. 1989. ABC-Clio. Santa Barbara. Calif.

Sterling. Christopher H. and John M. Kittross. Stay Tuned: A Concise History of American Broadcasting (2nd edition). 1990. Wadsworth. Belmont. Calif.

619

620 The Encyclopedia of Television. Cable. and Video

Vtz, Peter, Today's Video: Equipment Setup and Production. 1987, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

Periodicals

Advertising Age. Crain Communications, Chicago.

A V Video. Montage Publishing, Torrance, Calif.

Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc., Washington D.C.

Cable Age. New York.

The Cable Guide. 1VSM, Horsham, Pa.

Current. Washington D.C.

Electronic Media. Chicago.

T.R.E. Journal trechnological Horizons in Education). Tustin, Calif.

Total. Atlantic Cable Television Pub Corp, Woodbury, N.Y.

1V Guide. News America Publications, Radnor, Pa.

1WICE (This Week in Consumer Electronics). Cahners, New York

Video Business. New York.

Video Insider. AKF Publications Inc., Wayne, Pa.

Video Times. MPCS Video Industry Inc, Hollywood, Florida.

Videography. PSN Publication, New York

Reference Sources

Baseline, Information and Communication Data Base: New York

Blackwell, Earl, Earl Blackwell's Entertainment Celebrity Register. 1991, Visible Ink Press, Detroit.

Fletcher, James E., Broadcast Research Definitions. 1988, National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), Washington D.C.

Garay, Ronald, Cable Television: A Reference Guide to Information. 1988, Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn.

Happe, Bernard (ed.), Dictionary of Image Technology (2nd edition). 1988, Focal Press, Stoneham, Mass.

The Encyclopedia of Television. Cable. and Video 621

Howard, Herbert H., Group and Cross-Media Ownership of Television Stations: 1990. 1990, National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), Washington D.C.

Imber, Jane and Betsy-Ann Toffier, Dictionary of Advertising and Direct MaU Terms. 1987, Barron's Educational Series, Hauppauge, N.Y.

Jones, Glenn R, Jones Dictionary of Cable Television Technology (3rd edition). 1987, Jones 21st Centwy, Englewood, Colo.

Kaplan, Mike (ed.), Variety's Directory of Mqjor Show Business Awards. 1989, R R Bowker, New York.

Kaplan, Mike (ed.), Variety's Who's Who in Show Business (rev. edition). 1989, R R Bowker, New York.

McCavitt, William E., Radio and Television: A Selected Annotated Bibliography: Supplement One: 1977-1981. 1982, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, N.J.

Pringle, Peter K. and Helen H. Clinton, Radio and Television: A Selected Annotated Bibliography: Supplement Tivo: 1982-1986. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, N.J.

Reed, Maxine K. and Robert M. Reed, Career Opportunities in Television, Cable, and Video (3rd edition). 1991, Facts on File, New York.

Scheuer, Steven H., Who's Who in Television and Cable. 1983, Facts on File, New York.

Steinberg, Corbett S., TV Facts. 1980, Facts on File, New York.

Sterling, Christopher H., Communications Booknotes. CAST, The Ohio State University, Columbus.

Unwin, Derick and Ray McAleese (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Educational Media Communications and Technology (2nd edition). 1988, Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn.

Variety Obituaries, Volume 10: 1984-86. 1988, Garland Press, New York.

Reference Annuals

AVMP:AudioVideoMarketPlace. 1990, R R Bowker, New York.

Bension, Schmuel (ed.), The Producers Masterguide 1990 (lOth edition). 1990, New York Production Manual Inc., New York.

Broadcasting Yearbook: 1990. 1990, Broadcasting Publications Inc., Washington D.C.

622 The Encyclopedia of Television. Cable. and Video

Klain. Jane (ed.). International Television and Video Almanac 1990 (35th edition). 1990. Quigley Publishing. New York.

Maltin. Leonard. 1V Movies and Video Guide 1991. 1990. New American Library. New York.

Matelski. Marilyn J. and David O. Thomas. Variety Broadcast-Video: Sourcebook 1: 1989-90. 1990. Focal Press. Boston.

1990 Annual Review: The U.S. Conswner Electronics Industry. 1990. Consumer Electronics Association. Washington D.C.

Reed. Maxine K. (ed.). Bowker's Complete Video Directory 1990. 1990. R. R. Bowker. New York.

Television Programming Source Book Series. Act III Specialized Publishing. 1990. New York.

-ABOUTTHEAUTHORS-Maxine K. and Robert M. Reed have both had extensive backgrounds

in publishing, television, cable, and video. Mrs. Reed is the fonner Distribution Director for the Educational Television and Radio Center and the Program Manager at KUSD, and has held editorial positions at several prominent publishers. She has been Senior Editor at Barron's Educational Series, responsible for the popular Profiles oj American CoUeges as well as standardized test preparation projects in print, computer software, and video; she has also served as Managing Editor for R. R. Bowker's Entertainment and Perfonning Arts division. She is a graduate of the University of South Dakota.

Mr. Reed has been the General Manager of KUED-1V, Salt Lake City and founder and General Manager of KHET-1V, Honolulu, as well as Executive Director of the program syndication and video division of PBS in Washington D.C. He has also served as an Assistant and Associate Professor at the Universities of Wisconsin and Hawaii and as Executive Vice President of the National Video Clearinghouse Inc., where he was the founder and publisher of The Video Source Book. His degrees are from the Universities of Iowa and Michigan.

Together, the Reeds have written or edited fIfteen previous books in communications, including Career Opportunities in Television, Cable, and Video, now in its third edition. They are currently principals in the fInn of Reed-Gordon Books, a book-producing and editorial services company in New York.