Appendix 2. Competition Programme

KlekovacaTourist Centre

1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of the Competition is to obtain the pre-liminary urban and architectural design for the future urban zone of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre on Klekovaca Mountain.

Klekovaca Mountain is located in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and belongs to the central part of the Dinaric Arc - Southeast Europe region. Its highest peak is Velika Klekovaca (1.962m) and it

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION FOR THE

ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING

PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF TOURIST CENTRE ON

KLEKOVACA MOUNTAIN IN THE REPUBLIC OF

SRPSKA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 3

stretches in a north-westerly to south-easterly direction, covering a distance of 43 km.

The competition site is a part of the larger complex of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre. It is located at the foot of the Klekovaca Mountain, on the Kozila Plateau, at 805 to 895 me-tres above sea level, covering an area of 383ha with a planned accommodation capacity of about 15,000 beds.

The wider complex of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre includes an additional area of 2,250ha where winter and summer tourist facilities are planned (mountain ethno-village, Alpine and Nordic ski slopes, snowboard parks, adrenalin parks etc.), which are not within the scope of this Competition. 4

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The Investor and the Republika Srpska Government signed the “Framework Agreement on the develop-ment and construction of a first class sports and recreational ski complex in the area of Klekovaca Mountain” on 10 November 2010, thus this date represents the date of the commencement of this project.

2 HISTORY OF THE PROJECT

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3 PROJECT IDEA AND CONCEPT

The Klekovaca Mountain region currently lacks any developed tourist facilities, with the exception of modest facilities for hunting and mountain tourism. The Republika Srpska government and Investors intend to create an atmosphere which would provide tourists with the ability to enjoy the natural beauty of the mountain region, its favourable climate, hydrol-ogy, flora and fauna and anthropogenic culture.

The main idea of the Republika Srpska government and Investors is to invest in tourism development and assertion of the region’s natural potentials.

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The concept of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre is based on a year-round offer of tourist fa-cilities. As such, the production portfolio was created so as to meet the requirements of seasonal dynamics and demand per groups of products/services:

- Winter mountain break: skiing (Alpine and freestyle), covering a total length of 63km, Nordic skiing with biathlon polygon covering a total length of 10km, snow-board parks, ski schools, sledging (freestyle, in snowmobile or sleigh), sliding, snow park for beginners (children), winter mountaineering and hiking. During the winter season the focus is mostly on recreational activities, with the possibility of organiz-ing winter sports competitions;

- Summer mountain break: a gondola ride, mountaineering and hiking, cycling, horseback riding, carriage rides, sports activities (basketball, football, volleyball, handball, tennis etc.);

- Special sports: golf course with a golf academy, summer indoor skiing;

- Attractions: roller ski, flying fox/zip line, paragliding, summer slide, adrenaline park, skate park, potholing/cave exploring, rafting, hunting, fishing;

- Health and recreational services: climatic health resort services, wellness and spa, special offers for health programmes;

- Eco/ethno tourism: visit to the Lom rainforest, tours around pre-established tourist sites; to the Una National Park (located 50 km away) – rafting, kayaking and canoe-ing activities on the River Una, along one of its parts in Martin Brod (40 km away), where the valuable Rmanj Monastery religious monument is located; the Ribik tour-ist complex (60 km away), known for its world fly fishing centre and other accompa-nying programmes of its school of botany, ethno events etc;

- MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Congresses and Exhibitions): conferences, conven-tions, corporate business meetings, seminars, business fairs and exhibitions, as well as various other events (concerts, exhibitions etc.):

- Accommodation and services: hotels, hostels and youth hotels, houses, apart-ments, Mountain village, restaurants, bars etc;

- Commercial facilities: markets, boutiques, souvenir shops, craft shops etc.

3.1 Concept of sustainable tourism

The development of tourism on Klekovaca Mountain will be based on the concept of sus-tainable tourism in this field of service, with maximum respect and protection of the natu-ral resources of the location. The offer of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre will be based on services and facilities during the winter and summer seasons, with the aim of maximising usage of the tourist infrastructure and superstructure during the entire year.

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4.1 Geographical location

Klekovaca Mountain was selected as the location of the project, due to its favourable natural conditions. Located in the western part of Bosnia and Herzego-vina in the area of Dinarides, with its highest peak Velika Klekovaca (1,962m), this mountain was named after the healing evergreen plant from the pine family – Pinus Juniperus (Kleka in Serbian), which inhabits the upper climbs of the mountain. It stretches in a north-westerly – south-easterly direc-

4 LOCATION

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tion, covering a length of 43km from the Ostrel notch to the Mliniste notch.

Figure 1 Position of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre within the region

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4.2 Socioeconomic conditions

It is planned for the project’s development to be located in Republika Srpska - one of the entities which, together with the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Brcko Dis-trict, constitute Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Klekovaca – Lom area is divided by a de-marcation line between two entities: the north-eastern part belongs to Republika Srpska, while the south-western part belongs to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Republika Srpska has an independent legal system in many respects and laws relating to international relationships are agreed upon and passed at the national level of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Considering that Bosnia and Herzegovina signed a Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU and is in the process of joining the EU, most new leg-islation is harmonised with the EU’s standards.

4.3 Population, culture and history

According to the preliminary results of the population census conducted in 2013, Bosnia and Herzegovina has 3,791,622 citizens, of which 1,326,991 are residents of Republika Srpska. The constituent nations are Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks, while there are also around 17 national minorities. The area earmarked for construction of the tourist centre is uninhabited and the nearest inhabited settlements are Petrovac-Drinić (distance: 5km), Bosanski Petrovac (distance: 15km) and Drvar (distance: 40km).

The economic potential of Klekovaca Mountain and its surroundings was recognised way back in 1893 by Bavarian industrialist Otto von Steinbeis. In 1898 Steinbeis commenced great works on construction of a modern sawmill with 17 power saws at Drvar. At the same time, he began construction of a network of narrow gauge railways and roads through forests from Drvar to Ostrelj and Velika Kaldrma, and further towards the Croa-tian town of Knin via Srnetica. In 1901 Steinbeis employed 2800 workers and by 1915 he had constructed a 550km-long narrow-gauge railway for the transport of goods and pas-sengers. In the late 1970s this narrow-gauge railway fell out of use.

Figure 2 Train traversing the Vrletine – Srnetica route in 1968

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process

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The Republika Srpska government plans to rebuild part of the Steinbeis narrow-gauge railway along the Vrletine-Srnetica-Potoci section, covering a distance of 20.5km. Part of that railway, a length of 5.6km, goes through the planned ski zone of the Klekovaca Tour-ist Centre. The railway will be used occasionally and only for tourism purposes during the summer tourist season.

4.4 Physical features

4.4.1 Geomorphology

Klekovaca Mountain massif belongs to the central sector of the Western Dinarides and to the third order of Dinaric Alps from the Adriatic Sea.

The entire region is very fractioned and abounds with tectonic shapes characteristic for the Dinaric karst: small plateaus, slopes, ridges and peaks. The most outstanding anti-clines, except Velika Klekovaca (Big Klekovaca) are: Srеdnja Klеkоvаca (1,804 and 1,779 metres above sea level), Маlа Klеkоvаcа (1,761 m), Lom Mountain (1,522 m), Dvоstrukе kоsicе (1,471 and 1,467 m), Vеlikа kоsicа (1,317 m), Jasikov palez (1225m) and others. Two significant synclines are Sibоvitа drаgа and Lоmskа vоdа.

Figure 3 Position of the Steinbeis narrow-gauge railway Drvar – Srnetica (marked in yellow) with regard to the Klekovaca Tourist Centre (ski zone marked in red and competition location marked in

blue)

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The occurrence of rocks protruding the surface to form flat plateaus is very common throughout the region and there are tens of metres of long sporadic vertical walls of rocks which, in certain directions, restrict the movement and construction of the road network.

Figure 4 Topographic map featuring characteristic points

Unlike the look of typical Dinaric karst (Figures 5 and 6), the northern slopes of Velika Kosica have a different morphology: grooved by narrow beds of small streams flowing into and forming the Mracaj stream. In the upper part of its flow, this stream makes its way through a small canyon which also represents a special geo-hydrologic phenome-non. Surface forms of karst erosion are very common: sinkholes, semi-sinkholes and kar-rens, as well as, in some places, stones in the shapes of micro-reliefs. The impressive karrens on the bare peaks of Srednja Klekovaca which, due to these ornaments cut into vertical limestone in a proper order, resemble monumental sculptures. Among the under-

ground forms of the karst erosion, the most common are pot holes, while rock shelters and caves are more seldom.

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Figures 5 and 6 Characteristic forms of relief on Klekovaca Mountain: rocks of Srednja Klekovaca and Ledenica Cave

Some distance to the south there is the Kozila vast glacial – tectonic plateau and a similar syncline can be found on the eastern part (Uvala). Between these two plateaus, there is a rocky mountain range, parallel to the main range, but with lower peaks (Crni vrh 1,429 m, Lоkvеni vrh 1,384 m and Krаlјеv vrh 1,304 m, the positions of which are shown in Figure 4).

The site of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre is optimally located with regard to the planned facilities. The zone of ski facilities is orientated towards the northeast, which is more fa-vourable in terms of longer retention of snow cover and, thus, enjoys a longer winter sea-son.

The scope of the Competition – urban zone of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre – Kozila, stretches from an elevation of 805 metres above sea level in the central part to 895 me-tres above sea level on the southern side (Figure 7).

Figure 7 Characteristic relief for the urban zone of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre – plateau Kozila

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4.4.2 Climate

The area within the scope of the Competition is characterised by clash of continental and coastal air masses. The climate of this area is mountainous.

The estimated average annual temperature at the future urban location ranges from 3°C in the area higher than 1500 m above sea level to 8°C in the lowest parts of the region, the Drinic. The highest absolute temperatures in this area were recorded in June and July, 34°C and 35°C respectively, and the lowest temperature of - 24.5°C was recorded in January.

The average annual precipitation quantity in the zone higher than 1400 metres above sea level is greater than 1500 mm, while on the rest of the area the precipitation quantity ranges from 1250 to 1500 mm. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, within the minimum of precipitation recorded in August. The depth of snow cover on Ve-lika Klekovaca is often several metres.

The most common winds in this area are northerly and southerly winds. The Northerly wind, or Storm wind, blows in December, January and February, while the Southerly wind, or White wind, usually blows in April and November. The northerly wind is cold and tends to lower the air temperature by 3 - 4°C. The southerly wind is dry and warm and, in the spring, causes the melting of snow and leads to the growth of plant cover.

In the evening hours and during the night a cold wind (local name “Nocnik”) blows down the northern slopes of Klekovaca Mountain along the Јаsikоvаc-Kоzilа-Klаnаc-Drinic sec-tion.1

In addition to the complex topographic reliefs and altitude, the proximity of the Adriatic Sea has a significant impact on particular climatic factors, such as precipitation. Table 1 shows the most important climatic data by month and altitude.

Table 1 Overview of the most important climate indicators by month and altitude

Source: Project for development and protection of forests – Study: Possibility of separating the pro-tected area Klekovaca-Lom, Magaprojekt/Waldprojekt, Banja Luka, 2006

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4.4.3. Hydrology

The hydrological conditions of this area are related to its geological composition. The limestone area is without fresh water, while numerous springs and small surface streams exist on dolomite terrains. The occurrence of springs is also related to contact between limestone and dolomite. Some of the area’s significant springs are: Klekovacko vrelo, No-vakovica vrelo, Veliko vrelo, Suturlija, Ajzer bunar and Lomska voda, Ledenac etc. The most important surface flows are: Mracaj stream and Black stream. Apart from them, there are a number of temporary streams that submerge after a short surface flow.

Hydrological map of the terrain

Competition site – central zone of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre

Green belt – protected forest/park area

Ski area – slopes and ski facilities

Wells with drinking water

Surface water accumulation

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A previous feasibility study showed that the capacities of these springs and water flows are insufficient for the needs of the Tourist Centre, which led to the performing of tests of the groundwater reserves (see Section 4.5.4).

4.4.4 Geology

The Klekovaca region is composed primarily of consistent limestone of lower Jurassic, middle-upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous periods. The main fea-tures of the aforementioned limestone are: low content of insoluble residue (0.5-3%), rockiness, karst hydrology and groundwater relief of the base to which it is connected, as well as a mosaic-like arrangement of limestone soil. Beneath the Klekovaca ridge there are limestone cliffs under which there are taluses. Hygroscopic dolomites, limestone and dolomites are dominant in the Jurassic sediments, converting to dark grey limestone with hornstone and black bituminous limestone.

Figure 9 Map of the geological composition of the soil

Dolomites of the upper and middle-upper Triassic period can be found in the Potok and Kozilski Sljemen area. These white and light grey dolomites are solid, very rarely highly decomposed and with a very small quantity of clayey, insoluble residue. In addition to the aforementioned, marly dolomites are also very common (Kоzilа, Kеcmаnskа kоsа, Pоtоci). These are characterised by a higher content of marly-clayey insoluble residue, which has an impact on the character of paedogenesis and soil properties.

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Dolomites are characterised by the absence of surface rockiness, making them suitable for agricultural production (pastures, meadows and plough-fields). South of the Drinic section, on the Sljemen slopes, there is a small area of marly shale and sandstone.

Below the cliffs of the main Klekovaca ridge, at the site of the Kraljeva livada, a morainic drift accumulated into a small cirque, as a residue left over from the time of glaciations. Smaller surfaces of morainic character can be found to the west and northwest of the Ve-lika Klekovaca peak.

4.4.5 Biological features of Klekovaca Mountain

Klekovaca has all the features of a national park: strict nature reserves (Lom rainforest), wilderness zones, forest reserves, sites covered by rare plant species and beautiful land-scapes. This area boasts more than 1,000 species of plants, 306 species of fungi, 29 species of lichens, 65 species of mosses and 26 species of ferns.

Figures 10 and 11 Vegetation of the Lom rainforest

The natural treasures of Klekovaca are best reflected in the beech, fir and spruce forests. High and dense coniferous (6 species) forests grow up to an altitude of about 1500 m, before being replaced by a sparse beech forest (Alpine Beech). The forests are rich in oxygen and clean air enriched with iodine, which, according to some research, provides a good basis for the development of health tourism.

Considering that there are some very significant plant communities and a larger number of plant species, including a significant number of rare species of flora, this region can have major significance for botanical education.

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4.4.6 Landscape features

Klekovaca Mountain’s landscape features are among the key factors that led to the selec-tion of the Tourist Centre location. The zones with the most favourable landscapes are: Kоzilа, Drinic, Lоm Mountain, meadows around Ledenica cave, Klekovacke Paljike, Kraljeva Livada and especially the entire Klekovaca ridge, stretching from the so-called Petrovacka Okuka southwest over the Velika Klekovaca peak, all the way to Klekovacka Kosa.

Figure 12 Kozila plateau

Figure 13 Drinic Settlement

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Figure 14 Lom Mountian

Figure 15 Meadows around Ledenica cave

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Figure 16 Klekovaca ridge

The area has a large number of vantage points. The entire main Klekovaca ridge area is a huge vantage point: from the top of Velika Klekovaca the Adriatic See can be seen near the edge of Dinara.

The area of Srednja Klekovaca creates a fantastic harmony of milky white rocks, dark green small groups of spruce, blue and green coppice and, during the summer months, colourful high green vegetation. On Mala Klekovaca the following striking sculptural creations of na-ture can be seen: Mamut (Figure 17) and Strazarka (women looking to the south – Figure 18). Mala Klekovaca is, in the opinion of the majority of climbers, the most impressive area, characterised by its rough assembly of rocks.

Figure 17 Mamut Figure 18 Strazarka

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The Kozila plateau is a vast undulating field. During the summer this field is covered with flowers. It is surrounded by walls of spruce and pine forests on one side and aspen boskets on the other.

Figure 19 Kozila Plateau

4.5. Functional characteristics

4.5.1 Traffic

Of particular importance for the planning and development of the Klekovaca Tourist Cen-tre is the planned construction of the Banja Luka – Mliništa Highway, which will be ap-proximately 210 km long (180 km of which is to be in Bosnia and Herzegovina) and will enable connection to the existing Split – Dubrovnik Highway. This highway forms part of Corridor E 661 (Balaton - Virovitica - Okučani - Banja Luka - Split).

In order to connect the Klekovaca Tourist Centre with this highway, it is necessary to build a main road route covering a distance of approximately 33 km.

The nearest international airport is in Banja Luka, located at a distance of about 120 km from the competition location, while in the wider area there are airports in Zagreb (220km), Split (135km) and Sarajevo (220km).

22Figure 20 Position of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre with regard to the planned highway

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4.5.2 Energy systems

Bosnia and Herzegovina has rich hydro potential and significant coal reserves, as well as the possibility of using alternative energy sources. The power plants produce sufficient amounts of electricity to cater for the country’s needs

During 2010 the electrical power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina produced 16,068 GWh of electricity, 7,946 GWh of which was produced in hydropower plants, 7,869 GWh in thermal power plants and 253 GWh in small industrial plants. Total electricity consump-tion in Bosnia and Herzegovina was 12,266 GWh that year, while the rest was exported.1 Nevertheless, there are plans to build new power plants, due to the fact that many re-sources have not yet been exploited.

Regarding this issue, Republika Srpska is in a more favourable position than the Federa-tion of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as it boasts larger electrical power surpluses.

There are three hydro power plants located at a distance of about 120 km from the loca-tion of the planned Klekovaca Tourist Centre (Jajce I and II in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bocac in Republika Srpska) and it can be determined that the sup-ply of electricity is secure for a long period.

At the actual location of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre it is necessary to build a connection to high voltage power of a larger capacity. According to the technical recommendations of the relevant electrical power distribution company, Elektroprenos BiH, the power required for this complex would be provided from the main transformer station (GTS) 110/20kVA that would be supplied via a conduit with 110KV of the line between Drvar and Bosanski Petrovac. The approximate position of the GTS, which would be placed in accordance with the needs, is provided in Appendix 5 of the Competition Documentation).

During determination of the overall calculation of the required electricity for the Klekovaca Tourist Centre, the following functional ensembles were separately analysed:

- Ski slopes with chair lifts and additional elements - Secluded Mountain village The central zone (the location of the Competition subject) providing the loca-

tion for hotels, hostels, the climatic health resort, gym, shops, standard apart-ments and villas, public garage and other small ancillary facilities.

Based on the estimated value of requirements for electricity supply of the majority of con-sumers according to existing regulation, the projected value of the power required for the Klekovaca Tourist Centre is: Sp = 17.28 MVA

4.5.3 Alternative energy potentials on the territory of Republika Srpska

4.5.3.1 Biomass

Republika Srpska has significant biomass potential that can be used to produce electricity and thermal power. The total biomass potential in Republika Srpska has been estimated at 31.08 - 46.24 PJ. The largest portion (59%) is biomass suitable for combustion, fol-lowed by biomass (39%) suitable for the production of biogas from municipal waste, cattle breeding and energy crops.

http://www.derk.ba/DocumentsPDFs/DERK%20izvjestaj%20o%20radu%202010-b.pdf

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4.5.3.2 Wind power

Based on the Wind Atlas for the territory of Republika Srpska, it can be concluded that theoretically usable potential for the usage of wind is 640 MW and 1200GWh/year.

4.5.3.3 Solar energy

The average annual exposure of horizontal surfaces to sunlight in Republika Srpska is from 1.25 MWh/m2 in northern parts to 1.55 MWh/m2 in southern parts of the entity.

4.5.4 Water supply

Water supply is directly related to the geomorphologic and hydro-geological characteris-tics of this area. The Klekovaca Tourist Centre is located on the karst area where fresh surface water is collected and runs in temporary flows along the ravine, then sporadically infiltrating the fracture morphology of the terrain.

Based on hydro-geological explorations at the Klekovaca site, exploratory boreholes were drilled and the capacity of the borehole was determined to be from 15 l/s of the under-ground drinking water (see Appendix 5 of the Competition Documentation). Around these boreholes, in the protection zone of a minimum of 100m, the construction of buildings should not be planned.

The quality which classifies these waters as high quality slightly mineralised drinking wa-ter was determined by laboratory testing of water from the exploratory boreholes. Accord-ing to the performed technical and economic assessment of the exploration site, it was concluded that the drinking water can be profitably exploited under market economic conditions.

Calculated balance reserves with a maximum annual production capacity meet the re-quirements of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre.

For the needs of producing compact snow and technical water in the summer period, three reservoirs will be built in the area of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre: on the basin be-low Veliko Vrelo, on the basin below Suturlija and the Black stream (See Appendix 5 of the Competition Documentation).

The calculated total required quantity of drinking water during a day of maximum con-sumption is 42.36 l/s.

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5.1 Aim of the competition

The aim of the competition is to obtain urban and architectural preliminary design solutions for the ur-ban zone of the Tourist Centre on the Kozila Pla-teau.

5.1.1 The competition site

The Klekovaca Tourist Centre covers a total area of 2633 ha. It consists of three parts:

1. Competition site – central zone of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre, located on the Kozila Plateau covering an area of 383 ha.

5 AIM OF THE COMPETITION,

VISION OF DEVELOPMENT

AND KEY CHALLENGES

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2. Green belt – protected park/forest zone of an area of 72ha surrounding the Com-petition site. 3. Ski area – slopes and ski facilities covering an area of of 2178 ha.

Competition site – central zone of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre

Green belt – protected forest/park area

Ski area – slopes and ski facilities

Figure 21 Position of the Competition site in the the Klekovaca Tourist Centre

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5.2 Investor’s vision

The Investor’s vision is to build a globally competitive place with a distinctive identity which, in an authentic manner, harmonises the requirement of cost-effectiveness and en-vironmental and social sustainability by using the latest technological advances in accor-dance with current standards in the field of planning, construction and maintenance of the tourist complexes.

5.3 Challenges

The key design challenges for the participants in this competition are:

1. Creation of a place with a distinctive identity, 2. Integration into the natural environment, 3. To accomplish synergy of the visual quality of the landscape, open spaces and

architecture, 4. Minimisation of negative impacts on the environment, while achieving a high

level of energy efficiency, and 5. To achieve a feasible phased development.

Competition entries are expected to provide answers to the key challenges in different, mutually integrated spatial levels: they may consider shaping of space and facilities, the implementation process, construction technology, structural assemblies, the use of mate-rials, exploitation and maintenance, but also the conception of services.

5.3.1 Creating a place of distinctive identity

The aim of this competition is to obtain new, innovative and creative concepts of a new tourist complex development, which has an identity based on:

Respecting the key values of the context, especially of untouched nature and landscapes of exceptional environmental values,

Innovative and advanced models of organization and operation of a tourist re-sort, and

Visual qualities of architecture, open public spaces and landscapes.

5.3.2 Minimisation of negative impacts on the environment and achieving a high level of energy efficiency

The development of the Tourist Centre, characterised by high density development, us-age intensity and increased mobility, includes an increase in the consumption of natural resources and adverse impacts on the environment.

Solutions are expected to be created which rationally utilise resources and strive to mini-mise negative impacts on the environment in the entire process of construction and ex-ploitation of the complex. The quality of the following will show whether these challenges have been met:

Model of land use with regard to the protection of the environment, landscape and biodiversity,

Application of bioclimatic principles in planning and designing the tourist resort,

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Model of utilising alternative energy sources, especially solar, wind and bio-mass energy,

Mobility model – sustainable, innovative, energy efficient, environmentally sen-sitive and safe systems of transport that provide accessibility for all,

Model of waste water and sewer treatment (disposal and depuration).

5.3.3 Quality of open spaces

High density of visitors with different interests, abilities and sensibilities, coupled with the expectation that the complex will be active and continuously open in all times of day, week and year, requires the development of a complex and well shaped structural net-work of public spaces.

Competition designs are expected to provide the proposal of a structural network of open public spaces of various sizes, forms, key motifs, as well as a combination of activities and equipment that will be well connected, legible and accessible to different users.

The structural network would need to provide an adequate response to the cultural diver-sity of the target groups and their capabilities and preferences.

5.3.4. Visual quality of landscapes, open spaces and architecture

Visual quality presents a significant component of the character and identity of the place and therefore competition entries are expected to accomplish high visual quality in disci-plines of architecture, urban planning and landscape design.

Designs are expected to be contextually sensitive in order to integrate local cultures and nature and create new artistic value on all spatial levels and relations:

Spatial and visual quality of integration of the urban zone of the Tourist Centre into the environment,

Quality of harmonisation between different zone units within the Centre, Visual quality of individual spaces and facilities.

5.3.5. Phased development

Development of such a complex cannot be achieved in a single phase over a short period of time. Its construction period is expected to last longer (estimated total construction pe-riod is 12 years) and therefore the design must provide an adequate response to the challenges of long term development which implies defining the following strategies:

Phased development and organic development of the complex which in each phase of its development provides a high level of quality and diversity of the spaces, activities, experiences and services,

Flexibility and adaptability of the design solutions to changes.

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6 COMPETITION PROGRAMME

6.1 Skiing plateau

The skiing plateau (bottom of the ski resort) is en-visaged as being constructed at the end of slopes 11, 22 24, 25, P2 and P3 (see the Preliminary De-sign of ski slopes within Appendix 4 of the Competi-tion Documentation). The envisaged surface area of the plateau, according to previous studies, amounts to around 8ha. With this plateau it is necessary to anticipate the inclusion of accompanying structures with all technical and service facilities necessary to ensure the efficient functioning of the ski resort

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during the skiing season, as well as the structures with commercial and catering facilities related to off-season use. The total area of structures on the skiing plateau is around 10000m². In the zone of the skiing plateau it is necessary to plan an underground garage (see item 6.4.2 of the Competition Programme). It is recommended to locate the under-ground garage beneath the skiing plateau.

Note: Care must be taken to locate two ski facilities within the future urban zone location: slope for Nordic skiing and two children’s slopes (No. 26 and 27).

6.2 Accommodation capacities

The following types of buildings are planned among the accommodation capacities:

Hotels and hostels of various categories and profiles Houses Apartment buildings Residential complex for employees Hotel accommodation in climatic health resort Hotel accommodation at the golf courses

6.2.1 Hotels

5* - The required capacity of this type of accommodation totals around 800 beds. An adequate number of buildings or appropriate spatial units should be planned within this framework.

4* - The expected capacity of this type of hotel totals around 1200 beds. An ade-quate number of buildings or appropriate spatial units should be planned within this framework

There is a possibility of various profiling of these facilities. Hotels with 4* and 5* should be planned according to a programme that includes the function of business hotels, which would compensate by providing vacancies off-season. In this respect, congress halls, as well as other elements of business infrastructure, can be planned for inclusion in 4* and 5* hotels.

.3* - The expected capacity of this type of hotel totals around 1000 beds. An ade-quate number of buildings or appropriate spatial units should be planned within this framework.

Youth sports hotels, hostels - The required capacity of this type of accommodation totals around 1600 beds. The target groups are less demanding users, as well as younger people. Accommodation can be arranged in multi-bed dormitory rooms.

FacilitiesTOTAL

4000 3000 30004000 3000 3000

Skiing PlateauPhase I Phase II Phase III

Gross area in m2 Gross area in m2 Gross area in m2

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Approximate number of parking places per construction phase:

TOTALPARKING PLACES

312 438 400PHASE I PHASE IIIPHASE II

Table of summed capacities:

TOTAL (PHASE I + II + III) 4600 216000

Gross area in m2Number of beds

1150

SUMMED CAPACITIES Parking places

The following standards can be used for further and more detailed processing:

The average gross area per bed according to hotel category are approximate and vary in accordance with the hotel typology (golf hotel, climatic health resort, etc.).

Number of beds per hotel category

Gross area in

m2


Gross area in

m2


Gross area in

m2

500 40000 300 24000400 24000 400 24000 400 24000300 12000 300 12000 400 16000275 8250 275 8250 250 7500275 5500 275 5500 250 5000

1250 49750 1750 89750 1600 76500

PHASE I

3*Youth and sports hotels

HOTEL CAPACITIES

5*4*

Hostel

PHASE II PHASE III

HOTELS

TOTAL

Hostel

4*

1:6Youth and sports hotels

5*

1:31:4

* Calculation based on 2 beds per accommodation unit

3*

Parking places and garagesHotel category Minimum ratio of number of

parking places / accommodation unit *1:21:3

20 m2/bed

5*4*

Average gross area per bedHotel category

3*Youth and sports hotelsHostel

80 m2/bed60 m2/bed40 m2/bed30 m2/bed

Gross area

32

25m2

22m2

20m2

18m2

Accommodation unitsHotel category Minimal calculated area of

accommodation units with two beds

in m2

3*

Youth and sports hotels

5*

4*

Hotel category

3*

Youth and sports hotels

80%

Restaurant

1,2m2

1,5m2

Area of the restaurant per sitting place

60%

50%

30% 1,0m2

5*

4*

The ratio of sitting places and number of beds

1,8m2

5* 4* 3*Youth and

sports Hostel

45% 50% 64% 75% 80%15% 10% / / /

/ / 10% 5% 5%10% 12% / / /

/ / 8% / // / / 5% // / / / 3%

10% / / / // 8% / / /

20% 20% 18% 15% 12%Garage and technical facilities

Hotel category

Accommodation zone with communications includedPublic areas, administration and congress centre

Restaurants, bars, banquet halls and service rooms

Wellness & spa centre, sports facilitiesWellness & spa centre

Public areas and administration

Restaurants, bar and service rooms Restaurant and service roomsBuffet and shared guests’ kitchen

33

6.2.2 Tourist Houses

Tourist houses in this context are considered as private villas intended for shared use – chalets.

These buildings shall be planned to include at least three bedrooms. Plans should also include a living room zone, space for dining and food preparation, bathrooms with an adequate number of sanitary units and specific auxiliary rooms (ski equipment storage room, sauna etc.).

These houses shall be planned as high standard residential buildings in terms of equip-ment and materials used. 60% of parking places shall be planned in the houses and 40% on the common parking areas at a suitable walking distance from the accommodation (maximum 250m).

500 125 25000 600 150 30000 700 175 35000

TOURIST HOUSES

TOTAL

TOURIST HOUSES

PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III

Number of beds

Number of houses

Number of houses

Area in m² Number of beds

Number of houses

Area in m² Area in m² Number of beds

Approximate number of parking places per construction phase amounts:

PARKING PLACES

175TOTAL 125 150

At houses 75 90PHASE I

in common parking areas

PHASE II

50 60 70

PHASE III105


SUMMED CAPACITIES Parking places45090000

Number of beds Number of houses Gross area in m²TOTAL (PHASE I + II + III) 4501800

The following information can be used for the purpose of further and more detailed process-ing: plot sizes are 600/800/1000m2. Approximate size of the house is 150-250m2, with one parking place at the house or in the parking lot where the area of the parking space is not included in the area of the house.

34

6.2.3 Apartment buildings

Apartment buildings design should be based on configuration of apartment residential buildings or appropriate spatial units.

Apartments should be planned to include a living room, dining area and kitchen, bed-rooms and sanitary rooms.

Shared utility rooms (ski equipment storage room etc.) of sizes adequate to the number of users shall also be planned in these apartment buildings.


200 235 265TOTALPHASE I PHASE II PHASE IIIPARKING PLACES


7004210 1350 77175

Parking placesNumber of beds Number of rooms Gross area in m²SUMMED CAPACITIESTOTAL (PHASE I + II + III)


4 beds5 beds

40m²60m²70m²80m²

3 beds

Number of beds per Gross area of the apartment 2 beds

2 beds 300 150 6000 350 175 7000 400 200 80003 beds 300 100 6000 360 120 7000 390 130 80004 beds 300 75 5250 360 90 6125 400 100 70005 beds 300 60 4800 350 70 5600 400 80 6400

1200 385 22050 1420 455 25725 1590 510 29400

Apartment type

TOTAL

No. of apartments

Gross area of the apartment building in m²

No. of beds per apartment type

No. of apartments



APARTMENT BUILDINGS

APARTMENT BUILDINGS



No. of apartments


35

6.2.4 Residential complex

The residential complex is required to accommodate approximately 1,600 people. Some of those living in the residential complex would be working freelance in the tourist centre, while others would be permanent residents with families, who are fully employed through-out the year. Therefore, it is necessary to provide supporting infrastructure and functions that are not included in the tourist complex, such as day care - nurseries for employees’ children.

Number of flats

Gross area in m²

Number of flats

Gross area in m²

Number of flats

Gross area in m²

100 4500 100 4500 200 9000

50 4000 50 4000 100 8000

150 8500 150 8500 300 17000

Residential units - 4 personsTOTAL

Residential units - 2 persons

RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX

Residential comple PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III

TOTAL 500 1000 1000

SUPPORTING FACILITIES OF RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX

Nurseries PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III

Gross area in m² Gross area in m² Gross area in m²

Approximate number of parking places per construction phase amounts:

PARKING PLACESTOTAL 75 75 150



Parking places

300250034000

Gross area of the nursery in m²

TOTAL (PHASE I + II + III)

Gross area of the residential space in m²

SUMMED CAPACITIES

600

Number of flats

36

6.2.5 Golf hotel

This is an exclusive hotel type. Regarding the hotel’s function, emphasis shall be placed on facilities intended for golf tourism, with supporting wellness and spa facilities. The spe-cial facilities within the hotel would be a country club, congress hall, room for practicing golf shots and centre for training players, therapeutic centre and club premises. It is nec-essary to plan around 200 parking places and an adequate zone to place golf carts within the hotel complex. Attention is to be paid to the seasonal shift of use of the hotel. The golf hotel will be part of the ski centre complex during the winter season.

The facility is to be built in the vicinity of the golf course. The golf course is around 90ha in size and includes 27 holes, the golf hotel and golf club. The course must be designed in accordance with current European norms and standards for this type of activity. The golf course is not part of the competition programme, but the course location and connec-tion between the hotel and the course is. When choosing the location for the golf course, care must be taken when combining the flat and slightly hilly terrain.

Hotel category

5* Number of beds

Gross area in m²

300 18000TOTAL

GOLF

GOLF HOTEL PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III


TOTAL (PHASE I + II + III) 300 18000

Parking places

200

Number of beds Gross area in m²SUMMED CAPACITIES

The following data can be used for further and more detailed processing

Garage and technical facilities 20%

Public areas and administration, club premises, congress hall 15%

Restaurants, bars, banquet halls and service rooms 10%

Wellness & spa centre, sports facilities 10%

Hotel category 5*Accommodation zone with communications included 45%

37

6.2.6 Climatic health resort

The climatic health resort offers accommodation, wellness, spa and health services. The approximate location is provided in Appendix 5 of the Competition Documentation and is located within the pine wood zone.

Besides the main recreational purpose, the facility offers services for the improvement of fitness and health in general, including cosmetic centres, health resort capacities, fitness centres, therapeutic treatments, saunas, solariums, heated pools, massages etc.

A health centre for providing services of treatment by conventional and alternative meth-ods is planned to be built within the complex. Plans should also include facilities for com-plete diagnostics and therapy attached to the accommodation facilities.

The climatic health resort is planned to be a zone without vehicular traffic. A garage for individual vehicles shall be planned at the entrance to the climatic health resort, from where the transport of guests will be organized.

The climatic health resort covers a territory of around 45ha. Most of the therapeutic ser-vices within the health centre must be grouped and easily accessed from the accommo-dation units for the purpose of easier performance of the therapy programme. Distribution of recreational and accommodation capacities can vary in form and typology (health cen-tre and hotel; health centre, hotel and bungalows; health centre and bungalows).

The rest of the territory should consist of zones and paths arranged for sports, recrea-tional and therapeutic purposes within the existing natural environment and with special units of park landscaped greenery.

Number of beds per category of health resort facility

Gross area in m²


Gross area in m²


Gross area in m²

5* 300 150004* 300 11000 400 16000

7000 4000600 33000 400 20000

Health and therapy centre

PHASE II

CLIMATIC HEALTH RESORT

Facility category

PHASE IIIPHASE ICLIMATIC HEALTH RESORT

TOTAL


PARKING PLACES PHASE I PHASE II180 120TOTAL

PHASE III

38



SUMMED CAPACITIES

Parking places

53000 300

Number of beds Gross area in m²

1000


50m²/bed5*4*

Health resort facility category

60m²/bed

Average gross area per bed including the health centre

6.3 Other facilities

Commercial facilities, dining facilities, public services and sports facilities shall be planned within the Tourist Centre.

6.3.1 Commercial and dining facilities

Following types of commercial and dining facilities are needed to be planned:

1. Shopping centres –commercial facilities can either be grouped, i.e. shopping centres/commercial zones, or dispersed – in small groups or separately.

2. Restaurants – restaurant areas of required sizes shall be designed, excluding the hotel restaurants. Care must be taken regarding access, the arrangement of the restaurants, as well as positions in purpose of promoting tourisistic offer of public areas.

3. Cafés, bars, fast food facilities - various food and beverage facilities of smaller capacities, excluding those within hotels, shall be planned.

4. Market - a multi-purpose area that can perform the function of a green market and/or square, covered or open, depending on the need. The market is in-tended for local people to sell their produce.

5. Workshops – craft workshops for various purposes shall be planned. Services range from the manufacture of specific local handcrafts to service and repair workshops (i.e. ski service).

6. Culture Centre, cinema, discotheques – cultural and entertainment facilities shall be designed, in grouping or dispersed, with the aim of forming a network of cultural facilities.

7. Casino – a casino with supporting (restaurants, bars, etc.) and appropriate re-lated facilities shall be designed.

39

6.3.2 Public service facilities

Following types of public service facilities are needed to be planned:

1. Administration – plans shall include an appropriate zone for the purposes of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre’s administration. Besides the administrative func-tion, the administration building will also provide miscellaneous tourist ser-vices.

2. A health centre (infirmary and Mountain Rescue Service) – health protection facilities intended for the medical care of guests and employees shall be planned. The health centre shall be equipped for diagnostics and treatment of sports injuries and shall include emergency medical service with an on-call centre, doctor’s offices, duty pharmacy, seminar room and Mountain Rescue office. A heliport shall be planned in the vicinity of the centre.

3. Church – a place of worship of an ecumenical character shall be planned.

OTHER FACILITIES

Health centre 700Church 300


300

Gross area in m²Administration 1000 500 500

Gross area in m² Gross area in m²

PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES

OTHER FACILITIES

Casino (with restaurants,bars,etc) 6500

2000 1000 2000

Cultural centre, cinema, nightclubs etc. 5000 3000 2000

Workshops (craft workshops) 1000 1000

Cafés, bars, fast food

Market2000 500

1000

Gross area in m²

3000 4000

1000 1500

COMMERCIAL AND HOSPITALITY FACILITIES

PHASE I PHASE II

Restaurants

Shopping centers

PHASE III

Gross area in m² Gross area in m²

500

1500

3000

40

6.3.3 Sports facilities

Following types of sports facilities are needed to be planned:

1. Indoor sports centres – several indoor sports centres shall be planned, includ-ing indoor pools. Multifunctional courts, pools saunas, hydro massage pools, gyms and a cardio training room, clubs’ premises with a restaurant and bar, dressing rooms and technical rooms shall also be planned.

2. Outdoor sports fields and courts. 3. Riding club with a riding school – a space covering an area of about 2ha will

be planned for the needs of the riding club, with a supporting facility covering a gross area of about 1000 m². Care must be taken regarding the position of the riding club in order to avoid contact with, and contamination of, water supply facilities.

Riding club facility 1000

OTHER FACILITIES

15000Gross area in m²

SPORTS FACILITIES

Gross area in m² Gross area in m²Indoor sports centre


5000 5000

6.4 Traffic

6.4.1 Vehicular traffic

With regard to existing access roads, the competition design should provide solution for internal traffic routes with the idea that vehicular traffic is confined to the perimetre edge of the tourist complex and that vehicles (except delivery vehicles) do not enter the complex zone. To this end, stationing of vehicles on rim zones of the urban zone of the Klekovaca Tourist Centre should be provided for both hotel guests and users of other accommodation facilities, as well as for daily visitors. The emphasis is on pedestrian traffic on site and local transport that can be carried out using electric vehicles.

De-levelling (lowering) of the road below the terrain level is planned to be performed in the ski resort bottom zone. This underground connection can be used for positioning and use of a high capacity garage appropriate for this position. Other parking spaces (along the perimeter of the Kozila Plateau) can be treated as covered – either on the terrain or beneath it.

Plans shall also include roads for delivery vehicles, medical vehicles and fire engines.

1 0 0 11 0 0 16 6 6 184 3 3 101 1 1 31 0 0 1Ice scating, ice hockey

OUTDOOR SPORTS FACILITIES Number of the facilities / construction

Football fieldTennis courtsMultifuncion courts (basketball, volleyball)Swimming pools

Hippodrome

OTHER FACILITIES

PHASE I PHASE IIPHASE IITotal

41

6.4.2 Stationary traffic

It is necessary to construct an underground parking garage with a capacity of 2000 park-ing places, with access from the road underground the Skiing plateau, in Phase I. Other parking facilities are to be distributed around the perimeter of the complex, thereby con-forming to the idea that the complex should be freed from vehicular traffic as much as possible. The sum of the garages and parking places constitutes the total capacity of the stationary traffic for the entire complex, both within parking structures or within buildings of other primary use.

Number of parking places

Gross area in m²


Gross area in m²


Gross area in m²

312 9360 438 13140 400 12000125 3750 150 4500 175 5250200 6000 235 7050 265 7950180 5400 120 3600 0 075 2250 75 2250 150 4500

0 0 0 0 200 60001000 30000 500 15000 500 150001892 56760 1518 45540 1690 50700

GARAGES AND PARKINGS

PARKING PLACES PER ZONES


Hotels

Golf hotel

TOTAL

HousesApartmentClimatic health resortResidential complex

Daily visitors



Gross area in m²


SUMMED CAPACITIES

5100 153000