APPENDIX A Environmental Websites · 4 Second Edition, May 2004 Road Project Environmental Processes Manual Appendix C Sensitivity of surrounding waterbodies and receiving environments:

Second Edition, May 2004 1

Road Project Environmental Processes Manual

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APPENDIX AEnvironmental

Websites

2 Second Edition, May 2004


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Environmental websites

Australian Bureau of Statisticshttp://www.abs.gov.au/

Australian Heritage Commissionhttp://www.ahc.gov.au/

Register of the National Estatewww.ahc.gov.au/register/index.html

Queensland Heritage Registerwww.env.qld.gov.au/cultural_heritage/registers_and_inventories

Bureau of Meteorologyhttp://www.bom.gov.au/

Department of Natural Resources and Mineshttp://www.nrm.qld.gov.au/

DNRM-Pest Fact Sheetswww.nrm.qld.gov.au/factsheets/groups.php?group=Pest

DNRM-WaterShed (water quality and flow data)www.nrm.qld.gov.au/watershed

DNRM-ASS Guidelineswww.nrm.qld.gov.au/land/ass/what_are_ass/where_found.html

DNRM-Regional Ecosystem classificationwww.nrm.qld.gov.au/vegetation/bioregions(note that this takes you to where you can download the latest list of endangered / of concernecosystems / scheduled species)

Department of Primary Industrieshttp://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/home/default.html

Commonwealth Department of Environment and Heritagehttp://www.deh.gov.au

Environment Institute of Australiahttp://www.eia.asn.au/



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Environmental Protection Agencyhttp://www.epa.qld.gov.au/

Greening Australiahttp://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/

Murray Darling Basin Commissionhttp://www.mdbc.gov.au/

Wet Tropics Management Authorityhttp://www.wettropics.gov.au/


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APPENDIX BRoad Project

EnvironmentalRisk Proforma



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Environmental Checklist for Project Proposal

This checklist is to assist the completion of the environmental components of the Main Roads Project Proposal (previously Form 2289). The assessment is risk based and aims to obtain a ‘high’, ‘medium’ or ‘low’ risk for each environmental issue. Once this has been obtained, the potential for the environmental issue to influence the project timeline and cost is to be identified. The ancillary works associated with a road project (for eg. batch plants, side tracks, quarries and site offices) should also be consideredwhen completing the checklist.

It is preferable that the checklist is completed by personnel with knowledge of environmental issues. Once the checklist has been completed, it is to be summarized below and attached to this form.

Project Name: ……………………………………………………………………...

Project Number: …………………………………………………………………..

File Number: ………………………………………

Project Manager: …………………………………………………………………..

Time and cost implications for the project

1. Summary of implications for project timing as a result of environmental issues:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Summary of implications for project cost as a result of environmental issues:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Completed by: …………………………………………… Date: …………………….

Position Title: …………………………………………….

Reviewed by: ……………………………………………. Date: …………………….

Manager–Transport Planning



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Ris

k (P

roba

bilit

y x

Con

sequ

ence

) Pr

obab

ility

Ti

min

g C

onse

quen

ces

Cos

t Con

sequ

ence

s En

viro

nmen

tal I

ssue

an

d Pr

ojec

t Spe

cific

Not

es

Hig

h e.

g D

irect

ly

affe

cts

or

high

pot

entia

l

Med

ium

e.

g.In

dire

ctly

A

ffect

s or

m

ediu

m

pote

ntia

l

Low

e.

g.N

o A

ffect

or l

ow

pote

ntia

l

(Mon

ths)

(D

olla

rs)

Doe

s th

e ac

tivity

affe

ct a

Wor

ld H

erita

ge A

rea

as d

efin

ed u

nder

the

IUC

N

and

ICO

MO

S p

roce

ss ?

Res

pons

e : T

he p

roje

ct in

volv

es th

e w

iden

ing

of th

e ro

ad b

y 3m

thro

ugh

the

Mai

n R

ange

WH

A.

The

road

is lo

cate

d in

the

WH

A a

nd n

ot a

road

re

serv

e.

EP

BC

refe

rral

will

be

requ

ired

whi

ch w

ill ta

ke a

ppro

xim

atel

y 10

mon

ths.

Det

aile

d de

sign

sh

ould

not

com

men

ce u

ntil

the

EP

BC

App

rova

l has

bee

n ob

tain

ed.

The

area

is a

lso

a N

atio

nal

Par

k an

d ap

prov

al u

nder

the

Nat

ure

Con

serv

atio

n Ac

t will

be

requ

ired

– 6

mon

ths.

Thi

s is

co

ncur

rent

to th

e E

PB

C

timel

ine.

Stu

dies

to e

xam

ine

the

vario

us fl

ora

and

faun

a as

pect

s of

the

area

, the

ho

urs

of o

rk c

ompl

etin

g re

ferr

al fo

rms

and

the

cost

of

pro

babl

e m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

will

incu

r a c

ost o

f $1

45,0

00.

Ecol

ogic

al C

omm

uniti

es a

nd S

peci

es

1.

Doe

s th

e ac

tivity

affe

ct a

RA

MS

AR

wet

land

?

2.

Doe

s th

e ac

tivity

affe

ct a

Nat

iona

lly Im

porta

nt W

etla

nd ?

3.

Doe

s th

e ac

tivity

affe

ct a

nat

iona

l par

k or

oth

er c

onse

rvat

ion

rese

rve

?

4.

Doe

s th

e ac

tivity

affe

ct a

Dec

lare

d Fi

sh H

abita

t are

a ?

5.

Doe

s th

e ac

tivity

affe

ct a

end

ange

red

or o

f con

cern

regi

onal

ec

osys

tem

?

6.

Doe

s th

e ac

tivity

dire

ctly

affe

ct a

sig

nific

ant e

colo

gica

l com

mun

ity

or s

peci

es (i

.e. r

are,

end

ange

red

or v

ulne

rabl

e bu

t pro

tect

ed b

y le

gisl

atio

n)



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7.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

sig

nific

ant

habitat

ele

ments

( e

.g.

corr

idor,

tree h

ollo

ws)?

Cu

ltu

ral

He

rita

ge

(S

ha

red

or

Na

tura

l)

8.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

a W

orld H

erita

ge A

rea a

s d

efined u

nder

the

IUC

N a

nd I

CO

MO

S p

rocess?

9.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

a s

ite o

n t

he N

ational H

erita

ge L

ist?

10.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

a s

ite o

n t

he C

om

mon

we

alth H

eri

tage L

ist

(EP

BC

)?

11.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

a s

ite o

n t

he R

egis

ter

of

the N

ational

Esta

te?

12.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

a s

ite o

f th

e N

ational T

rust

Regis

ter

?

13.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

a s

ite o

f th

e Q

ueensla

nd H

erita

ge ?

14.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

a h

erita

ge s

ite lis

ted u

nder

a local

govern

ment

pla

nn

ing s

chem

e ?

15.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

a s

ignific

ant

herita

ge s

ite n

ot

pro

tecte

d b

y

legis

lation b

ut

of

import

ance t

o t

he c

om

munity (

inclu

din

g s

ites

within

the r

oad r

eserv

e (

e.g

. bridges,

sto

ne p

itchin

g a

nd s

o o

n)

La

nd

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

16.

Does t

he a

ctivity d

istu

rb s

odic

soils

?

17.

Does t

he a

ctivity d

istu

rb a

cid

sulp

hate

so

ils ?

18.

Does t

he a

ctivity d

istu

rb a

cid

soils

?

19.

Does t

he a

ctivity d

istu

rb s

alin

e s

oils

( p

rim

ary

or

second

ary

) ?

20.

Does t

he a

ctivity h

ave t

he p

ote

ntia

l to

spre

ad e

xis

tin

g d

ecla

red

pla

nt

pop

ula

tio

ns o

r in

trod

uce

ne

w d

ecla

red p

lant

pop

ula

tio

ns ?

21.

Does t

he a

ctivity h

ave t

he p

ote

ntia

l to

spre

ad e

xis

tin

g d

ecla

red

insect

or

dis

ease p

op

ula

tions o

r in

troduce n

ew

decla

red insect

or



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dis

ease p

opula

tions? (

e.g

. fire

ants

, S

MU

T,

and s

o o

n)

22.

Does t

he a

ctivity h

ave t

he p

ote

ntia

l to

spre

ad e

xis

tin

g

envir

onm

enta

l w

ee

d

pop

ula

tions o

r in

tro

duce n

ew

enviro

nm

enta

l

we

ed p

opula

tio

ns ?

23.

Does t

he a

ctivity c

ha

nge d

rain

ag

e c

onfigura

tions o

n s

oil

conserv

ation p

lans u

nder

the S

oil

Conserv

ation A

ct

?

24.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

floodin

g ?

25.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

land w

hic

h h

as n

ot

had n

ative t

itle

exting

uis

hed

?

26.

Does t

he a

ctivity r

equire a

quarr

y o

r oth

er

ancill

ary

activitie

s t

hat

may t

rigger

IDA

S r

equir

em

ents

or

oth

er

perm

itting ?

Wa

ter

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

27.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

natu

ralw

ate

rwa

yor

wate

r body

28.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

(inclu

din

g d

eposit s

edim

ent

or

use a

ll

availa

ble

wate

r) a

art

ific

ial w

ate

r bod

y (

e.g

.da

m,

irrigatio

n c

hann

el)

29.

Does t

he a

ctivity a

ffect

gro

und

wate

r flo

ws ?

30.

Does t

he a

ctivity r

eq

uire r

ecycle

d w

ate

r ?

Am

en

ity

31.

Does t

he a

ctivity d

istu

rb e

xis

ting c

onta

min

ate

d s

ites (

regis

tere

d a

nd

unre

gis

tere

d)

?

32.

Does t

he a

ctivity involv

e p

rocesses t

hat

may c

reate

conta

min

ate

d

sites ?

33.

Does t

he a

ctivity t

rigg

er

the R

oad T

raffic

Nois

e M

ana

gem

ent

Code

of

Pra

ctice ?

34.

Does t

he a

ctivity s

ignific

antly

change (

perm

anently o

r te

mpora

rily

)

the v

ibra

tion a

nd a

ir q

ualit

ye

nviro

nm

ent, e

specia

lly in r

ela

tion t

o

sensitiv

e r

ecep

tors

?



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APPENDIX CTerms of Reference

Determination and ExampleTerms of Reference



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Terms of Reference Determination and Example Terms of Reference

This appendix is designed to help identify the appropriate level of assessment for each

environmental issue for the Environmental Approval Report. A terms of reference (TOR) for

‘low level assessment’ (L), ‘moderate level assessment’ (M) and ‘high level assessment’ (H) has

been developed for each environmental issue and are provided in Appendix C2. By considering

each issue individually, the Environmental Approval Report terms of reference can be

specifically tailored to the project.

When answering the questions, the existing environmental values and the extent of works

should be considered. For example, if substantial excavations below the 5 m topographic

contour are proposed, the potential for issues associated with acid sulfate soils would be high.

Therefore, for such a project, a selection of ‘High level assessment’ for the terms of reference

module for Soils/Topography would be appropriate.

Where you are unsure as to the potential impacts for a particular issue and are unable to decide

between two levels of assessment, the higher level of assessment should be chosen.

Example

The following example illustrates the method to be used in determining the appropriate TOR

module. Only one question is to be answered; however, a number of issues should be

considered. This example focuses on determining the TOR module for water quality.

Project description: A proposed realignment and replacement of a bridge over Currumbin Creek,

including upgrade of the approaches to the bridge. The proposed works will require significant

earthworks upstream and downstream of the existing bridge. Earthworks are expected to be of

4–5 months duration. Limited earthworks will be required on the banks of the creek.

Existing environment: The creek is a substantial waterway with incised banks and is likely to

have flow or standing water under most conditions. Within the area of the existing bridge most

trees have been removed, but there is a thick cover of grasses. Upstream and downstream of

the existing bridge alignment, riparian vegetation including mature trees appears to be intact.

For a considerable distance downstream, the creek is similar, running through rural areas where

there have been periodic disturbances to riparian zones.

To determine the appropriate TOR module for water quality, answer the following question.

To what extent is water quality an issue for the project?

In order to answer this question, you should think about the following issues:

�� The current condition of the watercourse including riparian vegetation, water quality, bed and banks: Riparian vegetation is intact, water quality is likely to be okay but probably high

nutrient levels, and the bed and banks are relatively undisturbed. The creek is not

considered to be highly sensitive.

�� The possible impact on downstream environments: Impacts could include increased turbidity

and sedimentation due to earthworks. Possible impacts from any spillages during

construction.

�� The possible impact on groundwater resources: Unlikely to be any major impact on

groundwater resources.

�� The magnitude, extent and duration of works within or adjacent to the waterway: Significant

earthworks will be required and will be of approximately 4–5 months duration. Some works

will be required on the creek banks.



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�� Sensitivity of surrounding waterbodies and receiving environments: While the creek is in a

relatively good condition, it is not considered to be in a pristine state, and rural and urban

activities within the catchment influence the water quality. There are no highly sensitive

environments downstream of the proposed bridge.

To determine the TOR module required, all of the above issues need to be considered. The

creek is in good condition, but is not considered highly sensitive. However, earthworks will be

required on the creek banks, and so some disturbance of riparian vegetation will occur. There

is also the potential for water quality impacts from any spillages that may occur during

construction. Receiving environments are not considered to be sensitive.

Considering all of the above issues, a moderate (M) level assessment TOR would seem

appropriate for water quality issues for this project.



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APPENDIX C1 SUGGESTED TERMS OF REFERENCE DETERMINATION

This section provides the question and issues to consider for each element.

Water quality

To what extent is water quality an issue for the project?

Think about the following issues:

�� The current condition of the watercourse including riparian vegetation, water quality, bed and

banks.

�� The possible impact on downstream environments.

�� The possible impact on groundwater resources.

�� The magnitude, extent and duration of works within or adjacent to the waterway.

�� Sensitivity of surrounding waterbodies and receiving environments.

L (Select C1.1) M (Select C1.2) H (Select C1.3)

Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Hydrology and hydraulics

To what extent are hydrology and hydraulic processes an issue for the project?


�� The existing hydrological characteristics of the catchment area (e.g. size of catchment and

land use).

�� The potential for the proposed works to increase afflux and flow velocities (whether houses

and farmlands may be impacted).

�� The magnitude, extent and duration of works associated with drainage structures.

�� Whether the proposed works are in tidal areas.

�� Whether the drainage paths (i.e. waterways) are well or poorly defined.


Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….



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x C Fauna

To what extent is fauna management an issue for the project?


�� Potential to impact nationally/state/regionally/locally significant fauna species.

�� Presence of forested habitat areas, wetlands and/or waterbodies.

�� Potential impact on fish (e.g. fish habitat reserves, fish passage).

�� Potential impact on fauna populations (e.g. increased road mortalities, corridor connectivity).


Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Flora

To what extent is flora management an issue for the project?


�� Potential to impact nationally/state/regionally/locally significant flora species.

�� Existing condition of vegetation communities, including remnant vegetation (e.g.

endangered/of concern bioregional ecosystems).

�� The likely extent of vegetation clearing/removal.


Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Soils/topography/geology

To what extent is soil management an issue for the project?


�� Known or likely presence of acid sulfate soils.

�� Excavations below the 5 m contour.

�� Soil types and erosion risk.

�� The extent of earthworks.

�� Potential presence of contaminated soils (refer to appropriate register).


Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….



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Noise

To what extent is noise an issue for the project?


�� Number of noise sensitive receptors and their proximity to proposed works.

�� Existing noise characteristics within the area.

�� The degree of increased traffic volumes and changes to modal split.


Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Air quality

To what extent is air quality an issue for the project?


�� The number of air sensitive receptors and their proximity to proposed works.

�� Existing air quality characteristics.

�� The degree of increased traffic volumes and changes to modal split.


Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Land use and planning

What is the significance of the project in relation to land use and planning issues?


�� The implications of the project for current and future land use/planning.

�� The presence of Class A or B Good Quality Agricultural Land.


Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….



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Landscape and visual amenity

What is the significance of the project in relation to the landscape and visual amenity of the area?


�� The existing landscape and visual quality of the project area, including visually prominent

areas and areas of natural or cultural significance.

�� The likely impact of the project on both the natural and cultural landscape.


Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Cultural heritage

To what extent is cultural heritage (both indigenous and non-indigenous) an issue for the project?

A Cultural Heritage Report must be completed for all projects as per the Main Roads Cultural

Heritage Manual. Undertake a Cultural Heritage Analysis if recommended in the Cultural

Heritage Report.

Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Social and economic issues

What is the significance of the project in relation to the social and economic characteristics of the area?


�� Is pedestrian/cycle/vehicle access likely to be significantly changed as a result of the

project?

�� Are there likely to be property acquisitions?

�� Are social services/infrastructure (such as hospitals, recreational facilities) located within or

adjacent to the road corridor?

�� The potential to affect the community (e.g. community severance, cohesion, changes in

community characteristics).

�� The number of businesses/commercial enterprises likely to be adversely impacted.


Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….



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Climate

To what extent are local climatic conditions likely to be an issue for the project?

Select C12.1

Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Waste Management

What is the significance of the project in relation to waste management?

Select C13.1

Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

.

Legislative requirements

What permits/licences/approvals are required for the project?

Select C14.1

Additional

comments:………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

________________________________ ________________________ _______________

Name Signature Date



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x C APPENDIX C2 EXAMPLE TERMS OF REFERENCE

WATER QUALITY

Objective

To identify existing water quality within the catchment and to determine any significant impact of

the proposed project on water quality of the study area.

C1.1 Low level assessment

The following issues and activities should be addressed.

Key issues/activities

��Research and review existing data sources to collate and document any water quality data

if available.

��Identify and describe any waterways (natural or artificial) or groundwater within the

proposed project area.

��Identify any catchment management plans and/or catchment management groups within

the proposed project area.

��Identify and assess the impact of the proposed project on water quality, including the

potential for pollution of surface and groundwater.

��Consider the requirements of the Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 1997.

��Examine and discuss measures to mitigate the potential impacts of the proposed works.

Minimum outputs

��Maps/aerial photographs showing location of rivers, creeks or other waterways within and

adjacent to area of proposed works.

��Discussion of the current condition of waterways and groundwater and potential impacts of

the proposed works.

��Summary for inclusion in the Environmental Approval Report.

C1.2 Moderate level assessment

The following issues/activities and minimum outputs should be addressed in addition to the low

level assessment.


��Identify users of water resources (including recreational and industry purposes) within the

proposed project area.

��Conduct a surface water quality assessment according to ANZECC (1992) guidelines and

the EPA (1999) Water Quality Sampling Manual including:

– existing surface water quality

– types of pollution affecting surface waters

– their effects and probable sources.

��Conduct a groundwater quality assessment including:

– existing groundwater quality

– types of pollution affecting ground waters



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x C

– their effects and probable sources.

��Identify any sensitive environments, especially wetlands of national significance.

��Identify any developments or land degradation in the study area or the immediate

catchment that may affect water quality.

��Assess the requirements of the pre-construction, construction and post-construction water

quality monitoring programs (if deemed necessary).

��Liaise with other statutory authorities (eg DNR and EPA)

Minimum outputs

��As per low level assessment outputs

��Discussion of potential impacts on water quality during construction and operation of

proposed works.

��Pre-construction, construction and post-construction water quality monitoring programs.

��Recommended management measures to mitigate potential impacts.

C1.3 High level assessment


and moderate level assessment.


��Identify catchment boundaries within and adjacent to the proposed project area.

��Identify any catchment management issues including catchment management plans and

any potential impacts of the proposed project on water quality within the catchments.

��Examine and discuss environmental issues related to the source of/amount of water taken

for construction purposes.

Minimum outputs

��As per moderate level assessment outputs.

��Identify catchment boundaries on maps/aerial photographs.

��Nominate proposed water quality criteria to be achieved during construction and operational

phases.



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x C

HYDROLOGY/HYDRAULICS

Objective

To identify existing hydrology and to determine any significant impact of the proposed project on

the hydrology/hydraulics of the study area.




��Review/research all existing data on the hydrological characteristics of the catchment.

��Describe the existing hydrological characteristics within the proposed project area including

catchment area, waterways and peak flood flows.

��Identify natural and artificial hydrological features of the catchment.

��Identify potential impacts of the proposed project on peak flood flows and velocities,

particularly in the vicinity of any waterway crossings.

��Recommend management measures to mitigate potential impacts.

��Identify the requirement for any further detailed hydrological investigations.

Minimum outputs

��Describe hydrological characteristics within and adjacent to the area of works.

��Discuss any potential impacts on hydrology/hydraulics within and adjacent to the area of

proposed works.

��Map of the hydrological features of the catchment.

��Summary for inclusion in Environmental Approval Report.



level assessment.


��Identify if the catchment has (or is in the process of developing) a catchment management

plan, water area management plan or other similar management plan. Describe the

requirements of these plans in relation to the proposed project.

��Identify if the catchment is subject to a declared catchment plan, declared irrigation area or

declared groundwater area and the effect of the proposed project on these declarations or

vice versa.

��Identify if any Floodplain Management Guidelines or Management Plans apply to the study

area and if so document the requirements in relation to the proposed project.

��Identify if the catchment flows into a significant environmental area and any flow

requirements in relation to this area.

Minimum outputs

��As per low level assessment outputs.

��Recommended mitigation measures.



App

endi

x C

C2.3 High Level assessment




��Identify if the study area has an Approved Property Plan under the Soil Conservation Act 1986 and describe the implications.

��Identify if the study area has Land and Water Management Plan under the Water Act 2000and describe the implications.

��Review the hydrological modelling reports and identify and map flooding data and issues.

Minimum outputs

��As per moderate assessment level outputs.

��Define catchment and sub-catchment boundaries and show on an appropriate drawing or

map.

��Provide a list of any buildings or other structures that are likely to be impacted as a result of

the proposed works.

��Provide recommended measures to be incorporated into road design.

��Summary of Hydrology report in Environmental Approval Report, to include:

– description of current conditions and flooding characteristics

– methodology employed and information sources e.g.. model used

– predicted flooding impacts including peak heights and velocities for 50 and 100 year

ARI

– recommended mitigation measures to be incorporated into design.



App

endi

x C FAUNA

Objective

To identify the existing faunal environment and to determine any significant impact of the

proposed project on the fauna of the study area.




��Research and review relevant reports and databases on terrestrial and aquatic fauna

species and populations in the study area, including but not limited to:

– databases that identify scheduled (those listed on Schedules 1 to 4 of the Nature

Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994) and common species e.g. Queensland

Museum, Wildnet, Commonwealth Department of Environment and Heritage, Birds

Australia;

��Identify and map on an aerial photograph the location of scheduled species including those

listed under the following acts:

– Schedules 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994

– International treaties such as JAMBA and CAMBA

– Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

��Review aerial photographs and vegetation maps to identify fauna corridors or other habitat

features such as roosting sites, tree hollows etc.

��Identify and assess potential impacts of the proposed activity on fauna.


��Review the RCEA database and if it reveals the area of proposed works as having a

General Environmental value of ‘low’ no inspection of the proposed site by a qualified

ecologist is required.

Minimum outputs

��List of scheduled and common species identified within and directly adjacent to the area of

proposed works.

��Map the location of scheduled species.





level assessment.


��Undertake a site inspection by a qualified ecologist to identify ecological communities and

their potential to support significant fauna species.

��Identify whether any vegetated corridors occur within the area of proposed works and

establish which fauna species are most likely to utilise the corridor.



App

endi

x C��Assess any impact of the proposed activity on fauna species, populations and communities,

with particular emphasis on scheduled species and those protected under International

treaties and the Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

Minimum outputs


��Description of current fauna characteristics and fauna habitat value.

��Describe the habitat requirements of significant fauna species (includes International,

National, State protected and locally significant species) and impacts on these habitats.

��Discussion of potential impacts on fauna and fauna movement.





��Undertake field surveys by a qualified ecologist to identify the presence and extent of

species, populations and communities within and in the vicinity of the proposed corridor

including:

– Interpretation of remote sensing data and/or aerial photography.

– Collection of anecdotal information (including local sightings, specialist interest groups,

indirect evidence of species existence).

– Collection of field survey data on fauna by identification of scratch marks, scats,

footprints, nests, pitfall traps, Elliott traps, spotlighting, anabat detection and other

specialised techniques. Four night/five day assessments may be required but this

needs to be confirmed with the District Environmental Officer.

– Identification of any scheduled species, populations or communities or their habitats in

accordance with the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994 and Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

– Presence of any declared Fish Habitat Reserves.

– Compare to identified and relevant earlier studies.

��Prepare maps, photographs and a description of the distribution of significant species,

populations and communities and their habitats (with separate and specific reference to

those as listed under Schedules of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994,

JAMBA/CAMBA and Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999):

��Assess the impacts of the proposed project on all fauna species (including aquatic species,

insects, soils etc), populations and communities in particular where:

– habitat is critical to life cycle events of species;

– locally or regionally significant species and populations occur or are likely to occur in the

study area, especially those at the limit of their known distribution;

– dispersal routes/wildlife corridors significant locally or regionally are affected or potentially

affected by the proposed project;

– barriers to interbreeding opportunities between populations will result from the proposed

project.

��Propose ameliorative measures to reduce the extent of the proposed project on all species

and/or communities in accordance with a hierarchy of ‘avoid, minimise, ameliorate’:



App

endi

x C

– Identify any measures which would avoid impacts (e.g. route options, alignment options,

design details).

– Identify measures to minimise impacts that cannot be avoided and assess the likely

effectiveness of those measures. Include waterway measures to facilitate the passage

of fish, in accordance with relevant guidelines.

– Provide recommendations for design and location of proposed measures to minimise

impacts.

– Provide details of any monitoring required to assess the success of measures to minimise

impacts.

– Describe opportunities for improvement of habitat adjacent to existing roads in the study

area.

– If necessary, consider the possibility and cost effectiveness of providing compensatory

habitat, particularly when avoidance or minimisation of impacts is not practical.

Minimum outputs


��Description of methodology used for field investigations including timing, rainfall &

temperature prior to and during surveys.

��A comprehensive report detailing the findings of field investigations, including appropriately

scaled figures that show the location of sightings of significant species and the location and

extent of preferred habitat for significant species.

��Description of existing fauna habitat value.

��Recommended management measures to mitigate potential impacts. Include

maps/diagrams to show location, extent and configuration of proposed management

measures.



App

endi

x CFLORA

Objective

To identify the existing floral environment and to determine any significant impact of the

proposed project on the flora of the study area.


The following issues and activities should be addressed for all levels of assessment.


��Research and review relevant reports and databases on terrestrial and aquatic flora

species, populations and ecological communities in the study area, including but not limited

to:

– maps of ecological communities e.g. Regional Ecosystems, Catchment Management

Plans, Fish Habitat Areas etc;

– databases that identify scheduled and common species, populations and ecological

communities e.g. Herbrecs, Commonwealth Department of Environment and Heritage,

PestInfo.

��Review aerial photographs to identify the presence of any vegetation communities within

and directly adjacent to the road corridor and particularly those communities that could

support any of the significant flora species identified from the database search.

��Review regional ecosystem mapping to identify whether any ‘endangered’ or ‘of concern’

communities occur within the area of proposed works.

��Assess any impact of the proposed activity on vegetation communities.

��Recommend management measures to mitigate potential impacts on ‘endangered’ and ‘of

concern’ vegetation communities as described in the Vegetation Management Act 1999.

Minimum outputs

��Map the location of vegetation communities on an aerial photograph and discuss these

communities in relation to Regional Ecosystems.

��List of scheduled species likely to occur within and directly adjacent to the area of proposed

works as per the database search and discussion as to the likely presence of these species

based on the vegetation communities present.





level assessment.


��Undertake a site inspection by a qualified botanist to identify vegetation communities within

and directly adjacent to the road corridor and assess their current condition and

significance.

��Research existing information on identified scheduled species and ensure that the study

addresses all relevant legislative requirements.

��Assess any impact of the proposed activity on flora species, populations and vegetation

communities, with particular emphasis on any scheduled species.



App

endi

x C ��Assess any impact of the proposed activity on flora species, populations and vegetation

communities, with particular emphasis on any scheduled species.

��Identify the levels of disturbance and list declared plant species found within and adjacent to

the proposed site.

Minimum outputs


��Identification of any remnant vegetation within and directly adjacent to the area of proposed

works.

��List of the dominant species for each vegetation community including weed/introduced

species.

��Provide a description of vegetation communities present including:

– extent

– condition

– significance within the local area

– regional ecosystem classification.

��Summary of the potential impact on vegetation communities within and adjacent to the area

of proposed works.

��Provide a list of plant species recommended for revegetation and landscaping.





��Undertake field surveys by a qualified botanist to identify the presence and extent of

species, populations and vegetation communities within and adjacent to the proposed

corridor including:

– Interpretation of remote sensing data and/or aerial photography;

– Collection of anecdotal information;

– Plant species list for each vegetation associations by representative sampling;

– Identification of any significant species, populations or vegetation communities in

accordance with the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulations 1994 and Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999;

��Prepare maps, photographs and a description of the distribution of significant species,

populations and vegetation communities (with separate and specific reference to those as

listed under Schedules of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulations 1994 and

Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999):

– Identify and classify vegetation types as per regional ecosystem classifications

– Describe the existing condition of each of vegetation communities, especially in relation

to the degree of disturbance (weed invasion, clearing, grazing etc.).

��Assess the impacts of the proposed project on all flora species (including aquatic

vegetation), populations and vegetation communities:

– Identify if any critical habitat in terms of the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulations

1994 and Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 will be affected.



App

endi

x C

��Propose ameliorative measures to reduce the extent of the proposed project on all species

and/or communities in accordance with a hierarchy of ‘avoid, minimise, ameliorate’:

– Identify any measures which would avoid impacts (e.g. route options, alignment options,

design details).

– Identify measures to minimise impacts that cannot be avoided and assess the likely

effectiveness of those measures.

– Provide recommendations for design and location of proposed measures to minimise

impacts.

– Provide details of any monitoring required to assess the success of measures to minimise

impacts.

– Describe opportunities for improvement of habitat adjacent to existing roads in the study

area.

– If necessary, consider the possibility and cost effectiveness of providing compensatory

areas of habitat, particularly when avoidance or minimisation of impacts is not a

practicable or cost effective option.

Minimum outputs


��Comprehensive species list for each vegetation community identified, including

weed/introduced species.

��Maps/aerial photographs showing the following:

– Location of vegetation communities

– Location of any significant species identified

– Boundary of survey area.

��Description of methodology used to undertake flora assessment, including number of days

in field, survey techniques and identification techniques.

��Recommended management measures for each ‘endangered’ and ‘of concern’ vegetation

community as described in the Vegetation Management Act 1999, to mitigate potential

impacts. Include maps/aerial photographs to show location and extent of proposed

management measures.



App

endi

x C SOILS/TOPOGRAPHY/GEOMORPHOLOGY

Objective

To identify existing soil/topography/geomorphology characteristics of the study area and to

determine any significant impact of the proposed project on these characteristics.




Soils:

��Undertake a desktop review to identify, describe and map the soils within the study area.

��Assess erosion potential and recommend soil erosion mitigation measures where required.

��Identify any land within the study area that is listed on the Contaminated Sites Register.

��Identify any land within the study area that is likely to contain potential acid sulfate soils.

Topography:

��Undertake a desktop review to identify and describe the topography within the study area,

including any significant topographical features.

��Identify any potential impacts of the proposed project on the topography of the study area

and recommend mitigation measures (where necessary).

Geomorphology:

��Undertake a desktop review to identify, describe and map the geological units of the study

area.

��Identify any existing or proposed quarries/borrow pits within the road reserve.

��Identify any geomorphological constraints to the project and recommend mitigation

measures (where necessary).

Minimum outputs

��Map the location of soil types, geological units and topographical features within the study

area.

��Description of soil types, geology and topography within the study area, including the soil

classification system used (eg Northcote, Australian Soil Classification System or Great Soil

Groups).

��Discuss erosion risk of each identified soil type.

��Recommend mitigation measures for construction and operational phases.



level assessment.


Soils:

��Identify and map any problem soil types, and existing locations, types and causes of

erosion within the study area.

��Identify and discuss the depth and type of land disturbance associated with the proposed

project.



App

endi

x C��Assess erosion potential including potential for erodibility and dispersibility of all identified

soil types, and detail soil erosion mitigation measures.

��In areas of acid sulfate soils, undertake a preliminary investigation in accordance with

QASSIT guidelines. Discuss the results of the investigation and recommend management

measures where necessary.

��Undertake an investigation of any contaminated land to determine the level and type of

contamination. Recommend management measures to remediate the land.

Topography:

��Undertake a full physical environment assessment, including discussion on landforms,

topography and terrain components.

��Describe in detail the effect that the proposed project may have on the topography of the

study area, especially near waterways and ridge lines.

��Recommend mitigation measures.

Geomorphology:

��Description of the regional geology.

��Identification of the geology/geotechnical aspects within the study area that may impact on

the construction and operation of the proposed project.

Minimum outputs

��As per low level of assessment outputs.

��Maps/aerial photographs showing contours and significant topographical features.

��Description of potential impacts of soils, topography and geomorphology on the proposed

project.

��Description of ASS and contaminated land investigations.





Soils:

��Develop and undertake a soil sampling methodology for approval by Main Roads that will

identify the soil types and characteristics in the study area.

��Review and analyse the test results, map the soil types, document the soil characteristics

and identify any potential environmental problems.

��Carry out an acid sulfate soils survey of all low lying ground areas (areas less than 10m

AHD):

– The survey is to be carried out in accordance with the QASSIT guidelines.

– An Acid Sulfate Soils Management Plan is to be prepared if survey identifies potential

ASS within areas to be disturbed by earthworks.

��Conduct a Detailed Site Investigation as per the Draft Guidelines for the Assessment and

Management of Contaminated Land in Queensland (1998). This work is to be carried out

by a suitably qualified and experienced person as per the requirements of the

Environmental Protection Act 1994.

��Propose effective management of topsoil to avoid weed infestation, incorporating:



App

endi

x C

Topography:

��Identify and map the study area contours, morphology (especially significant topographical

features), slopes, drainage lines, location of the high bank, aspect and catchment

boundaries.

��Describe in detail the topographical transect of the proposed project especially near

waterways or ridge lines eg. if sidetracks are proposed across waterways a cross section of

the waterway and the proposed topography would be appropriate.

Geomorphology:

��Review the geotechnical assessment (if available) and incorporate information into

Environmental Approval Report including:

– Description of the regional geology including identification of rock types and structural

aspects.

– Assessment of any commercial deposits and past and proposed mining extractive

industries.

– Description of the impact of the geology/geotechnical aspects on the overall proposed

project including the construction phase.

– Assessment of material types and foundation conditions at cuttings and low lying areas.

– Preliminary analysis of low lying ground for settlement potential under fill embankments.

– Detail on soil/rock profile and embankment support.

– Assessment of the need for blasting in the cuttings.

– Assessment of likely cut and fill stability with preliminary batter slope design

recommendations.

– A coordinate survey of all boreholes, test pits, cone penetrometer sites, seismic survey

lines and other significant investigation features with all such sites shown on

accompanying plans, maps etc.

Minimum outputs


��Description of soil sampling methodology, test results, soil characteristics and potential

problems.

��Summary of Geotechnical report for inclusion in Environmental Approval Report.

��Recommended management measures to prevent soil erosion and topsoil contamination.



App

endi

x C

NOISE

Objective

To identify the existing acoustic environment and to determine any significant impact of the

proposed project on the acoustic environment.




��Undertake desktop review of aerial photographs to identify the nearest noise sensitive

receptors.

��Identify the source and types of noise during the construction and operation phases of the

project and their potential impacts on noise sensitive receptors.

��Describe existing noise sources in the study area.

��Consider the requirements of the Environmental Protection (Noise) Policy 1997.


Minimum outputs

��Aerial photographs showing locations of nearest noise sensitive receptors.

��Discussion of the following:

– Principal noise sources during construction and operation

– Potential impacts on noise sensitive receptors

– Preferred mitigation measures.



level assessment.


��Undertake desktop review of aerial photographs and a site inspection to identify the nearest

noise sensitive receptors.

��Identify locations where background pre-construction noise levels may be measured and

describe adjacent land use in the area.

��Carry out representative background noise measurements at noise sensitive locations.

��Obtain traffic volumes prediction data from DMR for ten years following completion of the

road, and identify potential impacts.

��Assess potential construction noise in relation to identified noise sensitive sites and assess

levels against DMR guidelines.

Minimum outputs


��Description of methodology used for noise monitoring.

��Discussion of the findings of the noise assessment.



App

endi

x C C6.3 High level assessment




��Submit for concurrence prior to commencement of the work a baseline survey methodology

for approval by Main Roads which details:

– scope of the work

– sampling locations

– equipment to be used

– proposed documentation.

��Review existing information and plans for construction to assess potentially high noise

impact locations that may arise as a result of both construction and anticipated traffic noise.

��Carry out field assessments of selected locations and take suitable noise measurements of

both day time and night time noise levels for representative background locations and noise

sensitive locations, taking due consideration of wind and other meteorological conditions

during the survey and land use in the area.

��Model predicted noise levels along the route, especially in the identified high noise

locations, taking into consideration:

– pre-construction noise levels, based on hourly traffic flows;

– predicted traffic volumes, composition and speed 10 years from project completion;

– effects of topographical and other physical features along the route;

– existing land use.

��Assess the results against Figure B1.1 of the Main Roads Road Traffic Noise Management:

Code of Practice.

��Investigate various alternative options to mitigate against excessive traffic noise levels

anticipated as a result of the proposal, in relation to noise level objectives established by

relevant guidelines.

��Assess potential construction noise and vibrations in relation to identified noise sensitive

sites and assess levels against relevant standards and guidelines.

��Make recommendations for implementation of any noise mitigation measures that may be

required to reduce excessively high construction or operational noise, including:

– specific community liaisons

– hours of operations

– erection of temporary barriers

– timing of construction of permanent barriers, house treatments or other attenuation

measures.

��Notify the Contact Officer if noise barriers are required.

Minimum outputs

��Maps/aerial photographs showing noise contour, locations for background monitoring and

noise sensitive receptors.

��Summary of noise assessment report in Environmental Approval Report.



App

endi

x CAIR QUALITY

Objective

To identify existing air quality and to determine any significant impact of the proposed project on

air quality within the study area.




��Undertake desktop review of aerial photographs to identify the nearest air sensitive

receptors.

��Describe existing air quality within the study area.

��Identify potential impacts on air sensitive receptors during the construction and operational

phases of the proposed project, and assess their significance.

��Consider the requirements of the Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 1997.


Minimum outputs

��Aerial photographs showing locations of nearest air sensitive receptors.

��Discussion of the following:

– principal sources of air pollution during construction and operation

– potential impacts on air sensitive receptors and the surrounding environment

– preferred mitigation measures.



level assessment.


��Undertake a desktop review and site inspection to identify the nearest air sensitive

receptors.

��Undertake baseline monitoring at selected locations.

��Predict traffic emissions during operation and compare with relevant guidelines.

Minimum outputs


��Report and discuss any baseline monitoring.

��Predict traffic emission for 5 and 10 years following opening of road.






App

endi

x C


��Develop a baseline survey methodology for approval by Main Roads. The survey should

use recognised survey techniques and include at least 48 hours of calm monitoring.

��Air quality parameters to be investigated will be approved by Main Roads as per the

aforementioned point. However, at a minimum the following will be required to be tested by

NATA accredited equipment:

– total suspended particulate;

– particulate matter (< 10ug);

– particulate matter (PM10

);

– oxides of nitrogen (nitrogen dioxide);

– reactive organic compounds (ROCS);

– toluene and benzene;

– carbon monoxide;

– lead.

��Review and analyse the test results for 1, 2, 5 and 10 years following opening of the road

considering the requirements of the Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 1997.

��Undertake dispersion modelling of existing and expected concentrations. The modelling

should be based on 1, 8 and 24 hour concentrations.

��Relate the above estimates and predictions to the air quality goals noted by Main Roads

and EPA.

��Recommend management measures to mitigate potential impacts of the proposed project

on air sensitive receptors.

Minimum outputs

��Description of existing air quality characteristics and potential impacts.

��Present and discuss results of modelling.

��Comparison of existing air quality characteristics and predicted characteristics with air

quality guidelines.



App

endi

x C

PLANNING AND LAND USE

Objective

To identify existing land use and to determine any significant impact of the proposed project on

the current and future land use of the study area.




��Review of maps/aerial photographs (site visit as required) to identify current land use within

and adjacent to the area of proposed project.

��Review of planning scheme maps to identify current planning designations within and

adjacent to the area of proposed works.

��Review of relevant planning scheme provisions to determine compatibility of the proposed

project with desired intent of the planning scheme.

��Identify and assess potential changes in land use during construction and operation phases

of the proposed project.

Minimum outputs

��List and description of land uses within and adjacent to the area of proposed project (map

as required).

��List of planning scheme designations within and adjacent to area of proposed project.

��Summary of compatibility of the proposed project with the relevant planning scheme.

��Summary of potential impact on existing and future land use as a result of the proposed

project.



level assessment.


��Identify areas of Good Quality Agricultural Land (GQAL) and assess potential loss of

productive lands.

��Review of land tenure to identify various tenures in particular areas potentially subject to

Native Title.

Minimum outputs


��Map indicating various tenure and summary of implications.

��Summary of potential impacts on GQAL and justification for proposed project in accordance

with State Planning Policy 2/92.





App

endi

x C





��Identification of GQAL areas and likely impact of the proposed project including:

– The nature and extent of agricultural lands in the study area.

– Current agricultural uses in the study area, the nature and extent of properties and

enterprises including major agricultural products.

– Impacts on agricultural production and value.

– Potential impacts of proposed project on future agricultural land use and potential for

alienation from agricultural use arising from road construction.

– Direct and indirect losses due to road construction, eg. roads, sheds, other specialist

facilities, water supply, drainage and farm roads and access.

– Impacts at the individual property level including impacts on farm management and

viability and potential re-sale of severed land to adjoining landholders to maintain the

prime land.

– Detailed consultation with affected landholders.

��Advise on any strategies being developed by the local authority which may affect the

proposed project, yet may not be reflected in formal planning documents.

Minimum outputs


��Map indicating the classes of GQAL within and adjacent to the proposed project area.

��Summary of potential impacts on GQAL and justification for proposed project in accordance

with State Planning Policy 2/92

��Provide a summary of Planning and Land Use Report for inclusion in Environmental

Approval Report.



App

endi

x CLANDSCAPE AND VISUAL AMENITY

Objective

To identify existing landscape features and to determine any significant impact of the proposed

project on the landscape and visual amenity of the study area.




��Identify and describe existing landscape and visual values within and adjacent to the

proposed project area in terms of landscape elements, character, value and sensitivity.

��Identify and assess potential changes to landscape and visual values (both natural and

man-made) as a result of the proposed project.

��Recommend mitigation measures (if required).

Minimum outputs

��Photographs of existing landscape and visual values within and adjacent to the proposed

project that may be affected.

��Description of existing landscape and visual values within and adjacent to the proposed

project.

��List of recommended mitigation measures (if required).


The following issues and activities should be addressed in addition to those of the low level

assessment.


��Identify significant view sheds and assess the potential impacts of change.

��Provide management measures to ameliorate visual impacts on nearby residents, maintain

sight lines and provide a pleasant driving experience for motorists.

��Recommend a landscape strategy.

Minimum outputs


��Representative sections of proposed landscape treatments and preferred treatment for the

route.

��List of recommended mitigation measures for affected areas.


The following issues and activities should be addressed in addition to those of the low and

moderate level assessment.


��Evaluate and discuss the likely visual impacts of the route on both the natural and cultural

landscapes. This shall include extension of the viewshed analysis to locations outside the

corridors.

��Advise on landscape improvement, protection and mitigation guidelines relating to:



App

endi

x C

– noise attenuation measures

– cut and fill embankments

– interchanges and grade separations

– town entry, bridge design and road furniture

– erosion control

– visual and headlight screening to preserve visually and ecologically significant areas.

��Evaluate and discuss simulated views likely to be experienced by drivers along the

proposed route ie. sequential experience, landmarks etc.

Minimum outputs


��Landscape strategic plan for the proposed route (1:10,000) for use in community

consultation.

��Landscape concept plan (1:10,000) showing various landscape treatments for the road.

��Colour photomontages (A3) from selected viewpoints.

��Provide selected artist perspective’s (A3) of afterview only showing the existing environment

and visual impacts of the proposal on landscape sensitive areas, road users, pedestrians,

adjoining residential and commercial areas.

��Indicate viewshed for the surrounding area as viewed to and from the proposed route.

��Provide a summary of the Landscape and Visual Amenity Report for inclusion in

Environmental Approval Report.



App

endi

x CSOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES

Objective

To identify the existing socio-economic environment and to determine any significant impact of

the proposed project on the socio-economic characteristics of the study area.




��Undertake a review of ABS Census of Population and Housing, and other related data to

describe the basic local community structure and patterns.

��Identify and assess changes in access or movement (vehicular, pedestrian and bicycle).

��Identify and assess any impacts of the proposed project on the community.

��Identify and assess changes in local business operations as a result of the proposed project

(such as changes to operating hours or access to businesses, particularly during

construction).

Minimum outputs

��Basic community profile (including population characteristics).

��Discussion of potential impacts on the socio-economic environment within and adjacent to

area of proposed works.



The following issues and activities should be addressed in addition to those of the low level

assessment.


��Develop a community profile including:

– population structure

– household income

– dwelling structure and tenure

– labour force status

– mobility.

��Assess the impact of the proposed project on the local and regional economy.

��Develop management measures where required to mitigate potential impacts.

��Integrate findings of the community involvement to establish potential social issues and

concerns.

Minimum outputs

��Community profile based on ABS demographic data

��Description and discussion of potential impacts on local and regional community structures

and patterns.

��Description and discussion of potential on the local and regional economic characteristics.



App

endi

x C

��Recommended management measures.


The following issues and activities should be addressed in addition to those of the low and

moderate level assessment.


��Identify and assess potential significance of the impacts of the proposed project on the

community. Impacts may include changes in the local demographics, health problems,

physiological stress, intrusion, community severance, changes to industry and commerce,

disruption to recreation and tourism, changes to access patterns (vehicular, pedestrian and

cyclists), changes to residential amenity and character, displacement and provision of safe

pedestrian crossings, paths and cycleways.

��Obtain and consider information regarding local access, including effects on local road

access and access limitations by any proposed development, use of the road by cyclists

and provision of safe pedestrian crossings and paths where necessary.

��Assess the impact of the proposed project on individual properties directly affected by the

proposal.

��Consideration of comments received from government and other organisations as part of

the community consultation.

��A discussion on the feasibility of proposals for mitigating potential impacts.

Minimum outputs


��List of properties that will be affected by the proposed project and any land acquisition

required, along with measures to manage impacts.




App

endi

x CCLIMATE

Objective

To identify the potential for local climatic conditions to impact upon the proposed project.

C12.1 All levels of assessment



��Collect and graphically illustrate the following data:

- Rainfall averages (monthly for the past five years at minimum), rainy days per season. If

using Australian Rainman it would be preferable for the daily rain data to be included.

- Average wind speed (seasonal for past five years) and predominant direction.

- Number of frosts (monthly for past five years).

- Temperatures (monthly minimum, maximum and average for the past five years).

- Number of fogs (monthly for past five years).

- Relative humidity, temperature and evaporation.

Data can be obtained from Australian Rainman or the Bureau of Meteorology.

��Analyse this data and discuss how this data may affect dust nuisance, successful

revegetation, erosion risk, watering rates etc.

��Identify potential adverse climatic conditions which would need to be accommodated during

the design, construction and operation of the proposed project.

��Recommend measures to reduce the likelihood of climatic conditions impacting on other

environmental issues related to the proposal.

Minimum outputs

��Summary and illustrations for inclusion in the Environmental Approval Report.

��Recommended mitigation measures documented in the Environmental Approval Report.



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Objective

To assess the potential generation of waste and formulate principles to manage this waste.




��Identify and assess the potential waste created during all phases of the proposed project

including construction and operation.

��Identify any regulated waste that will be produced during the proposed project.

��Propose measures to minimise waste creation and identify disposal methods, sites and

treatments for remaining waste.

��Develop management procedures for each waste stream in accordance with the

requirements of the Environmental Protection (Waste Management) Policy 2000 and the

Environmental Protection (Waste Management) Regulation 2000.

Minimum outputs

��Summary for inclusion in Environmental Approval Report




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LEGISLATIVE AND PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS

Objective

To identify all legislative approval and permitting requirements relevant to the proposed project.



The following requirements are relevant to all levels of assessment.

��Identify all relevant legislative and permitting requirements. This should include all Federal,

State and local permitting requirements.

��Relevant legislation may include:

– Environmental Protection Act 1994

– Integrated Planning Act 1997

– Transport Infrastructure Act 1994

– Water Act 2000

– Fisheries Act 1994

– Nature Conservation Act 1992

– Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

– State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971

– Other relevant acts as listed in the Main Roads Environmental Legislation Register 2001.

Minimum outputs

��Summary of relevant legislative acts.

��List of permits and approvals that may be required.



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APPENDIX DEnvironment Protection &Biodiversity Conservation

Act 1999Triggers and Guidelines



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Introduction

This appendix provides a guide to assist with determining whether referral under the

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is required.

Each of the issues relevant to the determination of Commonwealth involvement are discussed.

Consider the information provided below and utilise the referenced tools to determine whether

the Act is triggered.

Will the project require works on Commonwealth land that have the potential to

significantly impact the environment of Commonwealth land?

� Yes � No

Issues to consider

This question requires the determination as to whether the project has significant

impact, as per all other questions. The key difference for this question is that the

determination needs to consider the whole environment of Commonwealth land, not

just matters of national environmental significance. Therefore, this question, unlike

all others, includes all environmental issues such as noise, water and air pollution in

addition to flora and fauna issues.

Advice from Department of Environment and Heritage has identified that road

reserves associated with Federal Highways are not deemed to be Commonwealth

land. Commonwealth land does include federally owned airports (not all airports

are federally owned) and defence lands.

Relevant tools to aid decision

The most relevant tool would be land use mapping such as the Digital Cadastre

Database (DCDB) (available on RCEA) and/or Local Government Planning

Schemes. These data sources should identify the tenure of the land but you may

need to contact the airport directly to determine whether it is federally owned.

Comments:

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Does the project have, will have, or is likely to have, a significant impact on the

world heritage values of a declared World Heritage property?

� Yes � No

Issues to consider

There are presently four listed World Heritage properties within Queensland.

These properties, together with the Main Roads District associated with the

properties, are:

�� Australian Fossil Mammal Site at Riversleigh—North West District;

�� Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves of Australia—South Coast Hinterland,

Border and Southern Districts;

�� Wet Tropics of Queensland—Peninsula and Northern District;

�� Great Barrier Reef—Peninsula, Northern, Mackay and Central Districts.



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The Act requires Commonwealth referral if the proposed works have the potential

to significantly impact the values of these properties. Tables that list the values of

each property can be accessed via the Department of Environment and Heritage

Interactive Map on their web site. Review the values within the table and determine

whether the proposed works could result in the loss, damage or degradation to one

of the listed values. Note that activities having a significant impact on world

heritage values may occur outside the declared boundary of the World Heritage

property.


A list of the identified values for each of the listed World Heritage properties in

Queensland and maps showing the location of each World Heritage property can

be found on the Department of Environment and Heritage webpage. The RCEA

database also has a mapping layer for World Heritage properties (the boundaries

provided in the RCEA database are more accurate than those in the Department of

Environment and Heritage webpage).

Comments:

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Does the project have, will have, or is likely to have, a significant impact on the

ecological character of a declared Ramsar wetland?

� Yes � No

Issues to consider

There are presently five listed declared Ramsar wetlands within Queensland.

These wetlands, together with the Main Roads District associated with the

wetlands, are:

�� Moreton Bay—Metropolitan District, South Coast Hinterland District

�� Bowling Green Bay—Northern District

�� Shoalwater and Corio Bays—Central District

�� Great Sandy Strait—North Coast Hinterland District, Wide Bay District

�� Currawinya Lakes—South West District.

The Act requires Commonwealth referral if the proposed works have the potential

to significantly impact the ecological character of these wetlands. Descriptions of

the ecological character of each wetland can be accessed via the Department of

Environment and Heritage Interactive Map (also see Appendix D3). In general, you

will need to consider if the project has, will or is likely to result in:

�� areas of wetland being destroyed or substantially modified; or

�� a substantial and measurable change in the hydrological regime of the wetland;

or

�� the habitat or lifecycle of native species dependent upon the wetland being

seriously affected; or

�� a substantial and measurable change in the physico-chemical status of the

wetland (eg: a change on salinity pollution or nutrients); or

�� an invasive species that is harmful to the ecological character of the wetland

being established in the wetland.



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Note that activities having a significant impact on Ramsar wetlands may occur

outside the declared boundary of the wetland.


Relevant information for each of the listed Ramsar wetlands and maps showing the

location of each Ramsar wetland can be found on the Department of Environment

and Heritage webpage. The RCEA database also has a mapping layer for Ramsar

wetlands (the boundaries provided in the RCEA database are more accurate than

those in the Department of Environment and Heritage webpage).

Comments:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Does the project have, will have, or is likely to have, a significant impact on a listed

threatened species included in any of the following categories:

�� extinct in the wild

�� critically endangered

�� endangered

�� vulnerable

� Yes � No

Issues to consider

�� There are several categories of threatened species and the issues to consider

in determining whether the project has the potential to significantly impact the

species differs among categories. As such, it is important to identify the

appropriate category for the species in question, and then read the relevant

guidelines. The Department of Environment and Heritage guidelines to

determine impacts of significance for each protection category are provided in

Appendix D3.


There are several tools that can be used to determine which Commonwealth

protected species may occur within the vicinity of the proposed works and their

conservation category. These are the RCEA database and the Department of

Environment and Heritage webpage. The key difference between these databases

is that the records within the RCEA database are known localities of protected

species. Therefore, although fewer species may be detected, those detected

species have been known to occur within the area (either presently or historically).

In contrast, the Department of Environment and Heritage records are based on the

broad geographic ranges of the species, not known records. Therefore, more

species will be identified, but some of these species may not occur within the area

of the proposed works.

Therefore, utilise the two databases to obtain a list of species that could potentially

occur within the area (use a 10 km buffer for the RCEA database and a 1-2 km

buffer for the Department of Environment and Heritage webpage). Establish the

preferred habitat for each species based on experience or the Department of

Natural Resources species inventories (3 volume set titled Flora and Fauna Information System, Species Management Manual) and the Main Roads

supplement. Then determine the following:

�� the extent of roadworks and thus vegetation clearing associated with the

project;



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�� where possible, the vegetation communities to be affected (use the RCEA

database on regional ecosystems or data from previous assessments);

�� whether the communities to be affected are preferred habitats for the identified

species (this should be identified by the field assessment component of the

RCEA project);

�� whether the above information establishes that a Commonwealth species may

be significantly impacted and thus referral under the Act is required.

Comments:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………


threatened ecological community included in any of the following categories:

�� critically endangered

�� endangered

� Yes � No

Issues to consider

There are numerous communities listed Nationally. Several of these communities

occur within Queensland. The communities listed for Queensland are generally

based on the regional ecosystem classifications of Sattler and Williams (1999). At

the time of printing this manual, these communities related to the four broad

communities listed below (please note however that additional communities are

being considered all the time and therefore a review of the listed communities

should be undertaken at the time of assessment):

��Bluegrass (Dichanthium spp.) dominant grasslands of the Brigalow Belt

Bioregions (North and South)

��Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant)

��Semi-evergreen vine thickets of the Brigalow Belt (North and South)

��The community of native species dependent on natural discharge of

groundwater from the Great Artesian Basin.


The Department of Environment and Heritage webpage provides lists of the

critically endangered and endangered ecological communities. This list should be

reviewed on a regular basis so that new listings can be reviewed for their

implications to Main Roads. In the event that a Main Roads project has the

potential to impact a critically endangered or endangered ecological community, the

following should be considered (see Appendix D3 for full details):

If the project has, will have or is likely to:

�� lead to a long-term adverse affect on an ecological community; or

�� reduce the extent of the community; or

�� fragment the occurrence of the community; or

�� adversely affect habitat critical to the survival of the ecological community; or



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�� modify or destroy abiotic (non-living) factors (such as water, nutrients, or soil)

necessary for the community’s survival; or

�� result in invasive species that are harmful to the community becoming

established; or

�� interfere the recovery of an ecological community.

Comments:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………


migratory species?

� Yes � No

Issues to consider

Listed migratory species refer to the International treaties signed between the

Japanese and Australian governments (termed JAMBA) and the Chinese and

Australian governments (termed CAMBA) and the Convention on the Conservation

of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (termed the Bonn Convention). There are

approximately 80 species listed under the JAMBA and CAMBA treaties, with

approximately 50 species being common to both lists. The species are

predominantly wader or shorebirds and are thus commonly associated with coastal

wetlands and inland lakes. However, the listed species may also occur throughout

Queensland. The species listed under the Bonn Convention contain a few

mammal, reptile, fish and insect species in addition to birds.


The most appropriate tool to identify the listed species within the wider area of the

proposed works is the Department of Environment and Heritage webpage. Then

consider the extent of works proposed and the potential to significantly impact the

listed migratory species. In determining significance, consider if the project has, will

have, or is likely to:

�� substantially modify (including fragmenting, altering fire regimes, altering

nutrient cycles or altering hydrological cycles), destroy or isolate an area of

important habitat* of the migratory species; or

�� result in invasive species that is harmful to the migratory species becoming

established in an area of important habitat of the migratory species; or

�� seriously disrupt the lifecycle (breeding, feeding, migration or resting behaviour)

of an ecologically significant proportion of the population of the species.

* An important habitat is defined in the Department of Environment and Heritage

administrative guidelines as:

1. habitat utilised by a migratory species occasionally or periodically within a

region that supports an ecologically significant proportion* of the population of

the species; or

2. habitat utilised by a migratory species which is at the limit of the species range;

or

3. habitat within an area where the species is declining.



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* Unfortunately no guidance has been provided by Department of Environment and

Heritage to determine what is an ecologically significant proportion.

Comments:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

If you answered yes to any of the above questions, referral to the Commonwealth is required.

As such, the twelve page referral proforma is to be completed and forwarded to Department of

Environment and Heritage (the Commonwealth referral, assessment and approval process is

described in Part A of the Road Project Environmental Manual, 2003). The referral form and a

referral guide are located on the Department of Environment and Heritage website at

http://www.ea.gov.au/.

If you answered no to all of the above questions, sign and date this checklist, place a copy on

the relevant project file and proceed to the Assessment of Triggers under the SDPWO Act.

______________________________ _________________________ _______________

Name Signature Date



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x DOTHER MATTERS OF NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE

The Act identifies four additional matters that require consideration.

1. National Heritage Areas

2. Commonwealth Marine Areas

3. Nuclear Actions

4. Other

Discussion on each of these issues follows.

1. National Heritage Areas

The National Heritage List records the natural, Indigenous and historic places with outstanding

heritage values recognised at a national level. These places have values or characteristics that

have special meaning for all Australians. They show important historical aspects of the continent

on which we live, and reflect the diverse experience of human occupation.

Main Roads must consider if any proposed works are likely to cause a significant impact on

areas that are included in the National Heritage List. These areas were previously considered

under the Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975.

2. Commonwealth Marine Areas

Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Australia has rights and

responsibilities over some 16 million square kilometres of ocean. The great majority of

Australia's marine area is under sole Commonwealth Government jurisdiction. Around

continental Australia, the Commonwealth Marine Area stretches from the external boundaries of

the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) which constitutes the waters 200 nautical miles seaward of

the coastal baseline to 3 nautical miles from the coastal baseline.

While Main Roads must consider whether any proposed works are likely to cause a significant

impact on marine areas, it is considered unlikely that any project would trigger referral of the Act

under this NES matter.

3. Nuclear Actions

This NES matter is not applicable to the standard works conducted by Main Roads. Then only

possible trigger that would implicate Main Roads is ‘transporting spent nuclear fuel or

radioactive waste products arising from reprocessing’.

4. Other

The provision for ‘Other matters’ within the Act enables the Commonwealth to add further NES

matters to those already in force. Matters that are presently being considered are a greenhouse

trigger and a trigger for areas listed on the Register of the National Estate. While these matters

are presently not listed, Main Roads should continue to review the legislation and determine the

impacts associated with the future listing of these and other matters.

______________________________ ______________________ ___________

Name Signature Date



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APPENDIX EState Development

and Public WorksOrganisation Act 1971

Triggers



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The State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971 (SDPWO Act) aims to provide

for State and regional planning and development through a coordinated system of public works

organisation and environmental controls for major projects. All Main Roads project will trigger

Section 25 of the SDPWO Act as this section states that ‘in any development proper, account is

taken of the environmental effects.” This however, does not trigger an external assessment

process. Rather, the internal assessment process may be followed. An external assessment

process is only required if Section 26 of the SDPWO Act is triggered.

To determine whether Section 26 of the SDPWO Act is triggered, answer the question in the

table below.

Project Name: ……………………………………………………………….

Project Number: ……………………………………………………………….

Date of Assessment: …………………

File Number: …………………………

Project Manager: ……………………………………………………………….

Assessor: ……………………………………………………………………….

Table 1 SDPWO Act assessment trigger

Has the Coordinator-General by his/her own motion or at the direction of the Minister,

declared the project a ‘significant project’ under Section 26 of the Act?

Comments:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

� Yes � No

If you answered yes to the above question, an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) under the

SDPWO Act is to be prepared. Follow the assessment process as per the SDPWO Act and

accompanying ‘Impact Assessment in Queensland Policies and Administrative Arrangements’

(the Green Book).

If you answered no to the above question, please sign and date this checklist, place a copy on

the relevant project file.

______________________________ _________________________ _______________

Name Signature Date



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APPENDIX FIntegrated Planning

Act 1997Triggers



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An external assessment process is only required if Main Roads designates a project as

community infrastructure. However, there are some activities that may trigger an external

license/permit under the Act. In this case, the information required for the license/permit may be

collected through the internal Main Roads assessment process.

To determine whether the Integrated Planning Act 1997 (IPA) is triggered to the extent that

requires an external assessment process, answer the questions in Table F1 below. If an

external assessment process is not required, answer the questions in Table F2 below to

determine whether any further requirements under IPA are required.

Project Name: ……………………………………………………………….

Project Number: ……………………………………………………………….

Date of Assessment: …………………

File Number: …………………………

Project Manager: ……………………………………………………………….

Assessor: ……………………………………………………………………….

Table F1 IPA external assessment triggers

Will DMR pursue the designation of the project as community infrastructure?

Comments:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

� Yes � No

If yes, follow the Designation process under IPA and contact the Main Roads IPA team. If no,

proceed to Table F2.

Table F2 IPA application

Is the RIP activity ‘assessable development’ or ‘self-assessable

development’ under Schedule 8 of IPA or under the Planning

Scheme of the Local Government in which the works will be

undertaken? Note that any RIP activity that requires the conduct

of an Environmentally Relevant Activity (ERA) is assessable

development (see Main Roads Legislation Register for list of

relevant ERAs).

Comments:

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

� Assessable � Self-

assessable

If assessable development, is the development ‘impact

assessable’ or ‘code assessable’ as per the relevant Planning

Scheme?

Comments:

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

� Impact � Code



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Implications of findings for Table F2

�� If ‘self-assessable’ - Main Roads can follow their internal assessment process and no

application or approval to Local Government is required. However, the relevant external

standards (eg standard building regulations) are to be addressed.

�� If ‘code assessable’ - Main Roads is required to lodge an application and gain

development approval. However, the information required may be obtained through the

internal Main Roads assessment process. In this instance, the information provided within

the application would be assessed against the applicable codes.

�� If ‘impact assessable’ – Main Roads will be required to lodge an application under the IPA

and requirements additional to those of the internal Main Roads process will be required

(refer Chapter 3 Part 4 of IPA for these requirements).

Please sign and date this checklist, place a copy on the relevant project file and proceed to the

relevant assessment process.

______________________________ _________________________ _______________

Name Signature Date



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APPENDIX GSuggested Content

of an EnvironmentalApproval Report



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The following information could be included in the Environmental Approval Report.

The ticked boxes indicate the information that is to be included in the Environmental Approval

Report.

The boxes will also be used as a checklist when reviewing the completed report.

INTRODUCTION

��Project number

��Road Name & number

��Funding source

��Project Manager

��Description of the nature and scale of the proposed project.

��Map or aerial photograph showing the location of the proposed works.

LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS

��Table showing relevant environmental legislation, including the name of the Act, the trigger

mechanism, permit/licence required and responsibility.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT STAGE

Climate

��Climatic data including:

��rainfall averages;

��temperatures (monthly minimum, maximum and averages);

��average wind speed and predominant direction;

��Interpretation of the above data regarding the implications for the project (eg. in relation to

preferred construction timing, location of dust generating sites such as stockpiles, etc)

Soils/Topography/Geomorphology

��Map/aerial photograph showing soil types, geological units and topographical features within

the study area.

��Description of soil types, geology and topography within the study area.

��Erosion risk of each identified soil type (shown on a map also).

��Identification of any potential ASS or contaminated land within the study area.

��Identification of any geomorphological constraints to the project.



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Flora

��Map/aerial photograph showing vegetation communities and the location of any scheduled

flora species identified and movement pathways/corridors.

��List of scheduled flora species likely to occur within and directly adjacent to the area of

proposed works.

��Identification of any Regional Ecosystems their classification and status.

��Potential impacts of the proposed project on flora species, populations and vegetation

communities.

Fauna

��Map/aerial photograph showing the location of any scheduled fauna species identified and

their habitat.

��List of scheduled and common fauna species identified within and directly adjacent to the


��Potential impact of proposed project on fauna.

Water quality

��Map/aerial photograph showing the location of rivers, creeks or other waterways within or

adjacent to area of proposed works.

��Description of current condition of waterways and groundwater.

��Potential impact of construction and operation on water quality within the area of proposed

works.

Hydrology

��Map/aerial photograph showing the hydrological features of the catchment.

��Description of hydrological characteristics (natural and artificial) within and adjacent to the


��Potential impact on hydrology within the area of the proposed works.

Noise

��Map/aerial photograph showing the location of the nearest noise sensitive receptors.

��Identification of the principal noise sources during construction and operation.

��Potential impacts on noise sensitive receptors.

Air quality

��Map/aerial photograph showing the location of the nearest air sensitive receptors.

��Identification of the principal sources of air pollution during construction and operation.

��Potential impacts on air sensitive receptors and the surrounding environment.



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Planning and land use

��List and description of land uses within and adjacent to the area of proposed project.

��List of planning scheme designations within and adjacent to area of proposed project.

��Compatibility of the proposed project with the relevant planning scheme.

��Potential impact on existing and future land use as a result of the proposed project.

Landscape and visual amenity

��Photographs of existing landscape and visual values within and adjacent to the proposed

project that may be affected.

��Description of existing landscape and visual values within and adjacent to the proposed

project.

��Potential changes to landscape and visual values as a result of the proposed project.

Socio-economic issues

��Description of the basic community profile.

��Discussion of potential impacts on the socio-economic environment within and adjacent to


Consultation

��Summary of consultation undertaken (with stakeholders and the community).

��Summary of comments received from landowners, stakeholders and the community and how

these comments were addressed.

Cultural Heritage

��Summary of work undertaken during CHR and CHA and recommended management

measures.

Waste management

��Identification of potential sources of waste during construction and maintenance.

��Management procedures for each waste stream.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STAGE

��For each of the elements discussed above provide the following information in tabular

format:

��environmental element;

��brief description of the potential environmental impact;

��management measures required to be implemented during the design, construction and

maintenance of the proposed project (including reporting, monitoring and auditing

requirements and legislative requirements eg. permits/licences/approvals);

��responsibility for implementation.

��location within the contract documentation that the management measure should be

included (ie. design drawings and/or specifications).



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CERTIFIED STATEMENT

��The report should contain certification from the Chief Executive Officer or District Director as

follows:

'Following consultation with the Environment Protection Agency’ or ‘In accordance with

procedures agreed between the Department of Main Roads and the Environment Protection

Agency’, the environmental implications of the proposal have been assessed and are set out

in the ‘Project Proposal Report’ or ‘attached documentation’. In my opinion, the proposal ‘is’

or ‘is not’ a matter which raises ‘any environmental issues under Commonwealth or State

legislation’ or ‘any environmental issues have been addressed to the satisfaction of the

relevant environmental authorities, whether Commonwealth or State’.

APPENDICES

��Where detailed technical or supporting documents are required, they should be placed in

appendices. (Supporting information may include: specialist reports e.g. noise report,

fauna/flora species list, field/laboratory results, etc).

��Completed proformas for legislative trigger evaluations.



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APPENDIX HRecent Publications



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1. Main Roads Strategic Framework for Road System Asset Management.

2. Pre-construction Processes Manual.

3. Main Roads Cultural Heritage Manual 1998.

4. Main Roads Public Consultation Policy and Guidelines.

5. IPA Planning Scheme Manual.

6. IDAS Manual for Main Roads as an Applicant.

7. Main Roads Environmental Legislation Register.

Documents

APPENDIX A Environmental Websites · 4 Second Edition, May 2004 Road Project Environmental Processes Manual Appendix C Sensitivity of surrounding waterbodies and receiving environments: