Appendix G Annexe 2 Equality - Waverley Council Overview... · 2015. 7. 3. · This report will continue to help Waverley Borough Council and its partners to deliver its services

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WAVERLEY EQUALITY MAPPING REPORT

Identifying Areas of Inequality and Potential Deprivation

MARCH 2010

Contents

Introduction Page 2 Equality Profile: Age Pages 3-5 Equality Profile: Gender Pages 5-6 Equality Profile: Race Pages 6-8 Equality Profile: Religion/Belief Pages 8-9 Equality Profile: Disability Pages 9-10

Equality Profile: Sexual Orientation Page 11 Deprivation Page 12 Potential Deprivation: Education Pages 12-13 Potential Deprivation: Income Page14 Potential Deprivation: Employment Pages 14-15 Potential Deprivation: NEETs Page 16 Potential Deprivation: Living Environment

Pages 16-17

Potential Deprivation: Temporary Accommodation

Page18

Potential Deprivation: Social Housing Pages 18-21 Potential Deprivation: Health Pages 21-23 Potential Deprivation: Access to Services

Pages 24-25

Potential Deprivation: Transport Pages 25-26 Potential Deprivation: Crime Pages 26-27

Concluding remarks Pages 27-28 Bibliography Pages 29-30

ANNEXE 2

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INTRODUCTION Waverley is committed to “Equal Life Chances For All” throughout the Borough. This first Equality Mapping Report follows from the Council’s refreshed Social Inclusion Strategy, which was adopted in 2008. The Report is designed to define areas of inequality and deprivation issues affecting the Borough and should inform the policies of all Services across Waverley. The data should be revisited and updated annually. It should also be recognised that areas of inequality and deprivation may change over time and new categories may arise and need to be incorporated into the report. Waverley Borough Council’s Equality Mapping Report covers each equality strand as identified in Waverley’s Corporate Equality Scheme. These are age, gender, race, religion/belief, disability and sexual orientation.

The Equality Mapping Report data has come from statistics available from national and local sources (all of which are listed in the bibliography). As part of Waverley’s commitment to consultation and understanding its communities Waverley will continue to source information from its Critical Partner Groups (The Disability Forum, Faith Forum, Surrey Minority Ethnic Forum, South West Surrey Network for Older People,TOP Youth Council, Gay Surrey and the Citizens’ Panel). Where possible, figures for Surrey have been included in tables and narrative as a comparator, to give context to the Waverley data. As well as assessing the equality strands, this report also considers potential relative deprivation across Waverley. These categories have been developed from the areas of concern highlighted in Waverley’s Social Inclusion Strategy (2008) and from the indicators of deprivation identified by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. They are education, income and employment, housing, health, access to services and crime. This report will continue to help Waverley Borough Council and its partners to deliver its services to the people that need them most, and supports the Corporate Plan Priority of Improving Lives.

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WAVERLEY’S EQUALITY PROFILE

AGE

OLDER PEOPLE Waverley’s working age population constitutes over half its total population, but it still has the lowest proportion of working age residents in Surrey. In common with the rest of the UK, Waverley has an ageing population, though life expectancy across the County is higher than the UK average, at around 80 for men and 83 for women. Nonetheless, it is important to note an observation from the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment, that male life expectancy in the most deprived ward groups is on average 5 years shorter than the least deprived ward groups. Waverley has a high proportion of residents aged 65+ (see below). Population projections estimate that there is likely to be an almost 30% rise in the number of people aged 85+ over the next decade, according to Waverley’s Social Inclusion Strategy. Older people in Waverley are likely to be at risk of social and financial exclusion, being “asset rich but cash poor” (i.e they may own their own large properties, but be getting by on very little money), and ill-health. Nazroo (2008) has claimed that social isolation and depression are particularly likely to affect people once they retire.

Percentage of over 65s (Census data, 2001) Waverley Borough: 17% Surrey County : 16%

Wards with HIGHEST proportion

Wards with LOWEST proportion

Alfold, Cranleigh Rural & Ellen's Green 29%

Godalming Charterhouse 11%

Haslemere East & Grayswood 22% Godalming Holloway 13%

Farnham Bourne / Elstead & Thursley 22%

Farnham Hale & Heath End 15%

The LSOAs1 with the highest amounts of income deprivation affecting older people are not the wards with the highest percentage of pensioners. This would suggest income deprivation affecting older people is concentrated, rather than being spread across the larger elderly populations of certain LSOA. Care home residents can still receive pension credit, so it may be that the concentrated populations at Broadwater Lodge in Farncombe and

1 An LSOA is a Lower Super Output Area. These are smaller areas than wards (with about

1,500 residents in each), so they provide a more in-depth study of the ward when put together. A map for any Lower Super Output Area mentioned in this report can be found at the Census website: http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/ . In the white box type in “Waverley” and then the number at the end of the LSOA. E.g Milford 011D would be written “Waverley 011D”. Press search, and a small map will appear on the top right of the screen.

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Eastlake and Jubilee House in Godalming have had an impact on these figures.

Deprivation by income affecting older people2 (Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2007)

LSOAs with HIGHEST scores

LSOAs with LOWEST scores

Godalming Farncombe & Catteshall 005E

Godalming Central & Ockford 010A Milford 011D

Cranleigh West 003G Cranleigh East 013A

YOUNGER PEOPLE In some areas of Waverley, over a quarter of the ward population is under 18, as indicated by the table below (However,Godalming Central & Cranleigh West both have large private boarding schools).

While Waverley’s national position regarding child wellbeing is very positive (The Department for Communities and Local Government have produced a Child Wellbeing Index3, against which Waverley ranks sixth best nationally), there remain issues for young people. One of the issues is identified in the Social Inclusion Strategy and centre around potential rural isolation – the issue of transport links and lack of activities. In the National Place Survey (2008), 44% of Waverley’s residents identified activities for teenagers as one of the top three improvement priorities for the Borough.

2 This is measured by the proportion of the 60+ population living in households which receive

pension credit. Pension Credit tops up weekly money pensioners receive for those on low income. 3 This measures material well-being, health and disability, education, crime, housing

environment and children in need.

Percentage of under 18s (Census data, 2001) Waverley Borough: 22% Surrey County : 22%



Godalming Charterhouse 28% Farnham Castle 14%

Godalming Binscombe 28% Alfold, Cranleigh Rural &

Ellen's Green 17%

Cranleigh West 25% Godalming Farncombe &

Catteshall 18%

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There are still areas where there is potential inequality for children and young people. One example is in terms of income deprivation affecting children4 where the Lower Super Output Areas of Farnham Upper Hale 002E, Farnham Castle 003A and Godalming Binscombe 005C are of particular concern. Another is with regard to child protection plans. These are issued by social services after an initial investigation at child protection conference to assess the likelihood of children coming to harm, to advise on measures to protect the child in the short and long term, clarify responsibilities and identify how progress will be evaluated. There are very few of these in Waverley. Variations are indicated below:

Children subject of child protection plan per 1000 of population (Surrey County data, February 2009)

Waverley Borough: 2 Surrey County : 2

Wards with HIGH numbers

Wards with LOW numbers

Farnham Upper Hale 7 Farnham Castle 6

Godalming Binscombe 6

There are 12 wards in Waverley which have 0 children subject of protection

plans per 1000 population (this is 41% of all wards)

Finally, though the average teenage pregnancy rate in Waverley is the lowest in Surrey, some wards have comparatively high levels. Addressing this issue is one of the Waverley Strategic Partnership’s priorities, which is being addressed in partnership with the Primary Care Trust.

NI112 Under 16 conceptions per 1000 of population (PCT, 2004-2006) Waverley Borough: 15 Surrey County : 24

Wards with HIGH numbers

Wards with LOW numbers

Godalming Central & Ockford 55

Elstead & Thursley 33 Farnham Shortheath &

Boundstone 30

There are 14 wards in Waverley which have 0 underage conceptions per 1000 population (this is 48% of all

wards)

GENDER Waverley has a generally equal distribution of men and women across the Borough. This is in line with national and Surrey statistics. In Waverley, the distribution is approximately 51% women to 49% men. The largest variations by ward in the ratio of genders are as follows:

4 This is measured by the proportion of children under 16 living in households in receipt of key

benefits and with an income of below 60% national median (before housing costs)

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Percentage of Females (Census data, 2001)

Waverley Borough: 51% female Surrey County : 51% female

Wards with HIGHEST proportion of females

Wards with LOWEST proportion of females

Bramley, Busbridge & Hascombe

54% Godalming Charterhouse 44%

Farnham Castle 54%

Ewhurst 54%

Although generally there is an approximately equal distribution of males and females at ward level, the proportion of females in Waverley overall is significantly higher in the 70+ age groups, compared with the proportion of males. Conversely, the proportion of young men (under 20) is higher than young women. Nonetheless, the differences across the whole Borough are not so extreme as suggested by the above data for Godalming Charterhouse. The significant variation in this ward is probably due to the presence of the Charterhouse public school and its predominantly male population of boarders (only a third of sixth formers at the school are female).

RACE Waverley has the highest proportion of White British residents across the whole of Surrey at around 93%. The Borough also has the second highest immigration figures in Surrey (Office of National Statistics Mid Year Statistics, 2007) – though the ratio of immigrants to emigrants is 0.4, meaning that only slightly more people enter the Borough than leave it. It is known that there are a number of seasonal workers who come into the area in the summer months to work on some of Waverley’s farms.

Percentage of White people (Census data, 2001) Waverley Borough: 97% Surrey County: 95%



Alfold, Cranleigh Rural & Ellen's Green 99%


Chiddingfold & Dunsfold 99% Frensham, Dockenfield

& Tilford 95%

Farnham Shortheath & Boundstone 98% Farnham Castle 96%

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The ethnic groups in Waverley are principally White British, White Irish and White Other. There are also numbers of Chinese, Mixed White & Asian, Indian and “Other” Ethnic Groups. A significant problem in identifying ethnicity and equality mapping on the basis of the Census is that in 2001 Gypsies and Travellers were not recognised as a separate ethnic group. A further problem for the future is that, according to the Roma Rights Network, most Gypsies and Travellers will choose not to identify themselves as such “for fear of discrimination” (Roma Rights Network, 2008). It should be noted that various Gypsy and Traveller charities and support agencies report that Surrey contains the fourth largest Gypsy and Traveller population in the UK. The numbers quoted could make Gypsies and Travellers Waverley’s largest minority ethnic group. Waverley licenses 19 caravan and mobile home sites in the Borough. Most have only a couple of caravans, but six have over 30, although not every site is a Gypsy and Traveller community. Waverley’s largest Gypsy and Traveller site is situated at Lydia Park, near Dunsfold Aerodrome. It is possible to approximate the proportion of Gypsies and Travellers across Waverley through looking at the last caravan count (reported to the Department of Communities & Local Government) in January 2009, and considering a recent study by Spelthorne District Council, which approximated the average family size of a Gypsy/Traveller family. Based on a combination of these measures, it could be estimated that Gypsies/Travellers make up around 0.4% Waverley's population. However, there are also a number of settled Gypsy/Traveller families throughout the Borough. Comparison between the 1991 and 2001 censuses show that there has been an increase in immigrants from other European countries coming to Waverley. It is interesting to note that there are proportionally more Europeans in Surrey compared with England overall (according to the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment).

After the UK, the most common countries of birth of Waverley’s residents (by percentage born there) are as follows:

1. Republic of Ireland (0.8%) 2. Germany (0.7%) 3. South Africa (0.6%) 4. Australia (0.4%) 5. India (0.4%)

However, immigration figures for Waverley residents show a slightly different picture. The figures for overseas nationals that registered for National Insurance Numbers (NINo) over the 2002-2007 period in Waverley indicate high percentages of Eastern European nationals, particularly from Poland (390 people – around 17% of the total who registered) and Slovakia (160 people – around 7%). There are high numbers of NINo registrations from South Africa (330), Australia (160) and India (100), though surprisingly (if

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comparing with the figures above) less from Germany and Ireland (50, or around 2%, from each). On a ward level, when studying the “least White British” wards in Waverley, it is clear that Godalming Charterhouse has the lowest number of White British residents. Its largest minority ethnic groups are Indian (1%) and Chinese (2%). The high figures for Charterhouse may be due to the number of international students who board at the school. This is also reflected in the age profile of the ward, as highlighted previously. Farnham Castle’s primary ethnic groups (after White British) are White Other (6%), White Irish (1%) and Chinese (1%). Frensham, Dockenfield & Tilford’s primary ethnic minority groups are White Other (5%), Asian: Pakistani (2%) – (likely to be due to the Islamabad community, see Religion/Belief below) and White Irish (1%). Relationship with other equality strands: Racial diversity seems to exhibit some relationship with religious diversity. Wards with proportionally fewer White British people tend to have proportionally fewer Christians.

RELIGION/ BELIEF

Waverley has a primarily Christian population – 76% of the population overall say they are Christian. This is in line with Surrey (75%) and indeed with the South East and England, where over 70% of the population is registered as Christian.

While taking this into account, there is some religious diversity in Waverley, with many different religions represented. As with Surrey, where the biggest religious/belief group after Christians and the non-religious is Muslims (1% of the population), 1% of Waverley is Muslim. The majority of the Muslim community in Waverley is concentrated in Frensham Dockenfield & Tilford, where the Islamabad community live. There is also a significant presence of those of the Islamic faith in Farnham Firgrove. As regards other religions:

1. The highest percentages of Buddhists are found in Blackheath & Wonersh and Bramley, Busbridge & Hascombe.

Percentage of Christians (Census data, 2001) Waverley Borough: 76% Surrey County : 75%



Godalming Holloway 79% Farnham Castle 70% Cranleigh East 79% Godalming Charterhouse 71%

Elstead & Thursley 79% Godalming Central &

Ockford 72%

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2. The highest percentage of Hindus is found in Hindhead. 3. The highest percentage of Jewish people are found in Alfold, Cranleigh

Rural & Ellen's’ Green, Blackheath & Wonersh and Ewhurst. 4. The highest percentages of Sikhs are found in Shamley Green &

Cranleigh North and Farnham Weybourne & Badshot Lea. Waverley’s Faith Forum brings these different faiths together and currently has representatives from the Bahai community, the Buddhist community, various Christian denominations, the Muslim community and the Humanist community. Work is being done to secure Jewish representation on the Forum. The most ‘diverse’ ward in Waverley is probably Godalming Charterhouse. It has the second lowest percentage of Christian residents (71%), the highest percentage of Buddhists (0.7%) and Hindus (0.9%), the third highest percentage of Sikhs (0.1%), the highest percentage of “Other” religions (0.5%) and the second highest percentage of non-believers (19%). Farnham Castle also has a relatively high degree of religious diversity – 0.4% Hindu, 1% Muslim and 0.1% Sikh. Relationship with other equality strands: The wards with higher levels of religious diversity appear to have higher racial diversity. Wards with the lowest percentages of Christians tend to also have low percentages of White British people.

DISABILITY Waverley’s Social Inclusion Strategy indicates 14% of the Borough population are disabled or had a life-limiting illness, while it is thought that 18% of the UK population have some form of disability that is covered by the Disability Discrimination Act (Family Resources Survey, 2003-2004).

Proportion with a limiting, life-long illness (Census statistics, 2001) Waverley Borough: 14% Surrey County : 14%



Alfold, Cranleigh Rural & Ellen's Green 20% Godalming Holloway 9%

Hindhead 17% Godalming

Charterhouse 9% Farnham Castle 17% Blackheath & Wonersh 11%

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Percentage of population claiming ESA & Incapacity Benefit (DWP statistics, May 2009)

Waverley Borough: 2% Surrey County : 2%



Godalming Central & Ockford 4% Blackheath & Wonersh 1%

Godalming Binscombe 3% Godalming Holloway 1% Farnham Moor Park 3% Farnham Bourne 1%

As reported by the Employers’ Forum on Disability (a worldwide organisation focused on disability as it affects business), the likelihood of becoming disabled increases significantly after the age of 40, and the vast majority of Waverley residents are over this age. However, as illustrated above, there aren’t a proportional number of people claiming associated disability and incapacity benefits. (This could indicate a lack of awareness regarding benefit entitlement, or a lack of entitlement to the benefit if the person is working and/or financially secure).

The presence of the Merchant Seaman's War Memorial Society at the Springbok Estate may account for the high level of Disability Living Allowances being claimed in the Alfold, Cranleigh Rural & Ellen’s Green ward. Having a disability could increase the likelihood of an individual becoming socially isolated (Waverley Social Inclusion Strategy, adopted in 2008). It could make it difficult to remain in one’s own home and it can make it more difficult to access services, particularly in rurally isolated areas with poor transport links. Relationship with other equality strands: Waverley’s Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (2008) identified a possible relationship between age and disability. In wards with lowest proportions of single pensioners, there are

Percentage of population claiming Disability Living Allowance (DWP statistics, May 2009)

Waverley Borough: 0.4% Surrey County : 0.4%

Wards with HIGHEST proportion:


Alfold, Cranleigh Rural & Ellen's Green 0.8% Godalming Charterhouse 0.1%

Farnham Weybourne & Badshot Lea 0.7%

Godalming Central & Ockford 0.2%

Godalming Binscombe 0.6% Godalming Holloway 0.2% Witley & Hambledon 0.2%

Farnham Bourne 0.2% Cranleigh East 0.2% Cranleigh West 0.2%

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substantially lower disability benefits claims and lower proportions of people with limiting life-long illnesses than in wards with highest proportions.

SEXUAL ORIENTATION There were no specific sexual orientation questions asked in the 2001 Census. The Equality Commission itself has highlighted the availability of sexual orientation data as “particularly poor” (Hand & Betts, 2008). We can estimate the proportion of non-heterosexual persons in Waverley from the 2001 Census, using measure UV93 – the number of people living in a same-sex couple over the age of 16. In 2001, this made up around 0.1% of Waverley’s 16+ population (just over 100 people across the Borough). This is the lowest in Surrey. Statistics for UV93 do not go down to ward level. A further issue is that this measure only considers non-heterosexual people living with partners. Gay Surrey says it has over 3,500 subscribers to its newsletter. Although some of these subscribers may be partners and similar organisations, this figure is 0.3% of the Surrey population. It also claims to have 10,000 unique visitors a month, about 0.9% of the Surrey population. However, that isn’t taking into account those who don’t use Gay Surrey’s services. Both these figures are far below the general consensus estimate, which maintains that around 6% of the population is non-heterosexual. It is thought that this figure originates in an approximation made in the Employment (Equality) Regulations Impact Assessment (Department of Trade & Industry, 2005), which assumes that between 5 and 7% of the population is non-heterosexual. Waverley’s developing relationship with Gay Surrey will seek to fill our knowledge gaps on this equality strand.

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AREAS OF POTENTIAL DEPRIVATION

What does deprivation mean for Waverley? Waverley is among the 10 least deprived districts in the United Kingdom, though its deprivation score increased between 2004 and 2007 (4th least deprived in 2004, 7th least deprived in 2007). The Deprivation Barometer Report from Local Futures highlights a trend towards worsening deprivation in the South East between these years and notes that most districts where deprivation had increased covered large rural and coastal areas. Considering the evidence of the subsequent sections of the report, it seems fair to generalise that Waverley’s pockets of deprivation appear to principally relate to rural isolation and large variations in income in more urban areas. To illustrate the point, although Waverley is the second least deprived borough in Surrey; two of its wards are listed in the 20 most deprived wards in the county (according to a SCC ranking based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation) These are Godalming Central & Ockford 010A and Farnham Upper Hale 002E, which are at positions 6 & 7 on the county’s rankings (they have moved up the scale since 2003, when they were ranked at positions 19 and 11 respectively). Much of the information regarding deprivation in Waverley is taken from the Index of Multiple Deprivation, most recently published in 2007. The index covers income deprivation affecting children, income deprivation affecting older people, employment deprivation, disability, education, skills & training deprivation, barriers to housing and services, geographical barriers, crime and indoor and outdoor living environment deprivation. Rankings are derived from scores rather than percentages. Therefore in tables used to indicate deprivation, there are no scores; only the deprivation ranking in order.

EDUCATION, INCOME & EMPLOYMENT

EDUCATION Waverley has a comparatively high level of residents with qualifications. Although the 2001 Census indicates that 18% of the Borough had no qualifications, the annual population survey of 2005 puts this figure at 9%. Further educational attainment within Waverley is high in general 27% of Surrey residents aged 16-24 have a degree or a diploma compared with 22% in the South East and 20% nationally. Waverley is also the borough in Surrey with the highest proportion of 16-17 year olds in education, at 89%.

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Deprivation in terms of education5 (Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2007)

LSOAs with HIGHEST deprivation

LSOAs with LOWEST deprivation

Farnham Upper Hale 002E Godalming Binscombe 005C

Farnham Wrecclesham & Rowledge 009B

Godalming Holloway 010D Haslemere East & Grayswood

016A Farnham Firgrove 004C

Proportion with no qualifications (Census statistics, 2001) Waverley Borough: 18% Surrey County : 20%

Wards with HIGHEST proportion of

non-qualified residents (16+)

Wards with LOWEST proportion of non-qualified residents (16+)

Godalming Binscombe 32% Godalming Holloway 9% Godalming Central &

Ockford 25% Godalming

Charterhouse 11% Alfold, Cranleigh Rural &

Ellen's Green 23% Farnham Bourne 12%

NI75 Percentage of pupils gaining 5+ A*-C grades at GCSE (County data, 2008)




Godalming Binscombe 30% Blackheath & Wonersh 100% Godalming Farncombe &

Catteshall 40% Farnham Bourne 91% Haslemere, Critchmere &

Shottermill 42% Godalming

Charterhouse 81% There is not an obvious relationship between other areas of potential deprivation and educational achievement. However, some of the wards with the highest figures for educational deprivation are also wards where there are higher than average levels of income deprivation and benefits claims. With the exception of Godalming Binscombe, it does not appear that less successful GCSE performance is associated with more deprived wards.

5 This is measured by calculating average test scores of pupils at Key Stage 2,3 & 4 along

with the proportion of those who go on to further and higher education and the proportion of working adults with low or no qualifications

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INCOME

Waverley residents have a comparatively high average weekly wage of £624 – the national average is £456 (Waverley Social Inclusion Strategy). However, for those working in Waverley, the average weekly wage is £467, the lowest in Surrey. In the Place Survey 2008, it was reported that Waverley residents considered wage levels and the local cost of living as the second least important thing in making somewhere a good place to live. However, it may be that the majority of respondents were at the more affluent end of the social scale. A third (33%) of Waverley residents fall into the AB socio-economic classification, according to the 2001 Census. This is compared with 32% across Surrey making Waverley relatively affluent for an already affluent area. AB classification residents are people who work in higher and intermediate managerial, administrative and professional roles. At the other end of the scale, 11% of the Borough population are considered to fall into classification E. These are those on state benefit, state pension or the lowest grade workers. This is compared with 13% of the South East. There are clearly, therefore, variations in social class across Waverley. These are particularly pronounced in certain areas. The three wards with lowest proportions of AB classification residents all have lower proportions than the South East average, and Godalming Binscombe’s proportion is lower than the England average of 22%. There are no readily available statistics for overall income deprivation in Surrey.

Deprivation by income6 (Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2007)

LSOAs with HIGHEST deprivation

LSOAs with LOWEST deprivation

Farnham Upper Hale 002E Godalming Central & Ockford 010A

Godalming Binscombe 005C

Cranleigh West 013G Godalming Charterhouse 007D

Farnham Wrecclesham & Rowledge

EMPLOYMENT In October 2009, the proportion of unemployed people in Waverley was 1.9%. This more than doubled from April 2009 (previously the ward maintained a steady and constant rate of around 0.7%), no doubt due to the impact of the recession. Nevertheless, Waverley’s unemployment rate still correlates favourably with the County’s (2.1% overall). In fact, Waverley has the lowest rate of unemployment in Surrey, except for Runnymede. However, it is

6 Income deprivation in general combines the measures for young people and older people,

as explained in previous footnotes. Generally, they are households on low incomes in receipt of key benefits.

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important to note that the unemployment rate is calculated by the number of Job-Seekers’ Allowance Claims. There may be many more people in Waverley who are unemployed who do not claim this allowance. This could be for a variety of reasons. One is that those who want to claim income-based JSA cannot do so if they have savings that exceed £16,000 (Department for Work and Pensions, 2010)

Unemployment (Census data, 2001)

Waverley Borough: 2% Surrey County: 2%

Wards with HIGHEST

proportion:

LOWEST proportion:

Godalming Central & Ockford

2% Ewhurst 1%

Farnham Moor Park 2% Shamley Green & Cranleigh North

1%

Haslemere East & Grayswood

2% Godalming Holloway 1%

In the 2001 Census, Godalming Central & Ockford, Farnham Moor Park and Haslemere East & Grayswood had the highest proportions of unemployed people in Waverley. As indicated below, the higher unemployment figures for 2001 and the higher Job Seekers Allowance claims for mid-2009 do not match up. It may be that the recession has hit particularly hard in Godalming Central & Ockford, Farnham Upper Hale and Godalming Binscombe7. Two of the wards with highest Job Seeker’s Allowance claims contain LSOAs within the most deprived areas in Surrey. It is also important to note that the wards with the highest proportions of Job-Seekers’ Allowance claimants are the wards with the highest proportions of social housing.

Job Seekers' Allowance Claims (Department for Work & Pensions, May 2009)




Godalming Central & Ockford 2% Farnham Bourne 0.4%

Farnham Upper Hale 2% Frensham Dockenfield &

Tilford 0.4% Godalming Binscombe 2% Ewhurst 0.4%

According to the 2001 Census, throughout Waverley, the most common industries of employment are real estate and the wholesale and retail trades. The exception to this rule seems to be in areas near large educational

7 The recession has certainly had a great impact in Waverley in terms of benefits claims. The

total caseload in April 2008 was 5574, rising to 7745 by December 2009.

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establishments, for example, Godalming Charterhouse, where the principal industry of employment is education. It should be noted that there are certain areas with a higher than Borough average rate of employment in manufacturing. For example, 17% of Godalming Binscombe’s workforce is made up of skilled manufacturing employees. As British manufacturing is generally considered to be in decline, unemployment in this area could be a problem in the future, and could possibly be linked in part to the rate of Job Seekers’ Allowance claims in the area.

NEETS (NOT IN EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION OR TRAINING) In December 2009, there were 84 young people (17-24 years) considered to be NEET across Waverley (Not in Employment, Education or Training – measured by National Indicator 117). According to Surrey Heat Mapping, the areas where there are most NEETs are Godalming Binscombe, Godalming Central & Ockford and Milford. Waverley is addressing this issue through the provision of an additional Entry-to-Employment base in Godalming.

HOUSING Affordable housing is a real concern in Waverley, as reflected in our Corporate Priorities. In July 2009, the National Housing Federation released statistics that suggested that Waverley is the fourth least affordable place to live in the South East. In 2008, the West Surrey Strategic Housing Market Assessment indicated that the income required to buy an entry-level property in Waverley was £40,000-£45,000. This is likely to exclude those on lower incomes, key workers and first-time buyers. Waverley had the lowest proportional increase of household spaces in Surrey between the last two censuses (+3% - Surrey as a whole saw a +6% increase). It also has the highest proportion of detached homes in Surrey, standing at 42%. Finally, Waverley has the highest proportion of social housing in Surrey – standing at 13% across the whole borough. Between 2001-2008, Waverley completed 255 new dwellings – 7% of the total number of dwellings completed across Surrey over this period. (These figures are taken from the Surrey County Council website and may not reflect the Borough’s more recent developments).

LIVING ENVIRONMENT In the Place Survey 2008, Waverley residents identified access to nature as the third most important thing to them, after crime level and healthcare services, in making somewhere a good place to live. It was clear from the

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same survey that this was something people felt Waverley provided well. Nonetheless, despite the fact that more than 30% of Waverley is covered by trees, that there are 45 separate conservation areas and 1,600 listed buildings, there are still areas where the environment needs improvement– particularly in terms of traffic (which is what the following table illustrates):

Deprivation by living environment: outdoors8 (Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2007)



Farnham Firgrove 009C Farnham Castle 003B

Farnham Moor Park 003E

Ewhurst 015E Chiddingfold & Dunsfold 015B Chiddingfold & Dunsfold 015C

The above statistics are calculated through measuring air quality and road traffic accidents. The centre of Farnham is known to have traffic issues, and is a designated Air Quality Management Area, due to the high levels of Nitrogen Dioxide measured there by Waverley’s Environmental Health Team. An April 2009 Progress Report on Waverley’s Air Quality Action Plan outlined measures to address the volume of traffic in Farnham, which will seek to improve air quality in the town. It is perhaps unsurprising that the LSOAs with least outdoor environmental deprivation are Waverley’s small villages in the more rural and isolated areas, while Farnham is one of Waverley’s four towns. Housing environment is also an issue in some parts of Waverley. The condition of private and social housing in certain areas of the Borough is of concern, and there are some homes that do not have central heating.

Deprivation by living environment: indoors9 (Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2007)



Bramley, Busbridge & Hascombe 012A

Elstead & Thursley 012B Alfold, Cranleigh Rural & Ellen's

Green 015A

Cranleigh East 013A Godalming Holloway 010E Farnham Upper Hale 002D

Two of the most ‘deprived’ LSOAs indicated above are quite surprising as these wards in general have very low proportions of homes without central heating (according to the 2001 Census). It could therefore be assumed that

8 This is measured by considering the air quality of the area and the number of RTAs

involving fatal injury to a cyclist or pedestrian. 9 This is measured by considering social and private housing in poor condition and the

proportion of houses without central heating.

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the deprivation score is due to the other base of this index – private and social housing in poor condition. Around 7% of Elstead & Thursley 012B’s homes are caravans or other temporary accommodation. It is possible that this has contributed to a higher than average score for ‘housing in poor condition’. Additionally, Alfold, Cranleigh Rural & Ellen’s Green is in part the base for the large Lydia Park Gypsy & Traveller encampment. Finally, in 2001, 5% of vacant properties in Waverley were in LSOA 012A (Bramley, Busbridge & Hascombe) which could contribute to the high score for this LSOA.

TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION Waverley is the ward is Surrey with the lowest proportion of people living in caravans or other forms of temporary accommodation – 0.4% overall against a Surrey figure of 1%. However, in certain wards there are concentrated populations of those living in caravans/temporary accommodation. It is important to note that not all these people will be Gypsies & Travellers.

Percentage of ward living in a caravan or other form of temporary accommodation (Census data, 2001)

Waverley Borough: 0.4% Surrey County : 1%



Alfold, Cranleigh Rural & Ellen's Green 6% Farnham Firgrove 0%

Elstead & Thursley 4% Farnham Shortheath &

Boundstone 0%

Cranleigh West 1% Farnham Upper Hale 0%

Farnham Wrecclesham

& Rowledge 0% Godalming Binscombe 0%


Godalming Holloway 0%

Haslemere, Critchmere

& Shottermill 0%

SOCIAL HOUSING Statistics seem to indicate that most people in Waverley own their own homes. 19% of the households in England rent socially, and 31% rent privately, while only 20% of people in total rent across Waverley, and only 19% in Surrey. Nonetheless, access to affordable housing (a Corporate Plan priority) remains an issue for young people and those on a low income.

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As detailed above, Waverley has the highest proportion of social housing (both local authority-provided and housing provided by Registered Social Landlords) in Surrey, standing at 13% across the whole Borough. The areas where there are high percentages of social housing unfortunately correlate with income and employment deprivation in those wards.

Proportion of private rentals by LSOA (Census data, 2001) Waverley Borough: 7% Surrey County : 7%

LSOAs with HIGHEST proportion

LSOAs with LOWEST proportion

Godalming Central & Ockford 007A 20% Cranleigh West 013G 2%

Godalming Charterhouse 007B 20%

Farnham Upper Hale 002D 2%

Farnham Castle 003B 18% Godalming Holloway

010E 2% In combining the social and private renting figures above, areas can be highlighted where it may be the case that residents may find it more difficult to access affordable housing and have to rent instead (in this case, Farnham and Godalming, see below). In December 2006, a Housing Market Assessment was presented to Waverley’s Executive where the two towns were identified as areas where family homes were relatively cheaper than in other areas of the Borough, but starter homes were comparatively more expensive.

Percentage of all rentals by LSOA (Census data, 2001)

Waverley Borough: 20%

Surrey County: 19%

Farnham Upper Hale 002E

51% Cranleigh West 013G 2%

Godalming Binscombe 005C

49% Cranleigh East 013A 3%

Godalming Central & Ockford 010A

48% Godalming Holloway 010E

4%

Proportion of social rentals by LSOA (Census data, 2001)


LSOAs with HIGHEST proportion

LSOAs with LOWEST proportion

Godalming Binscombe 005C 45% Cranleigh West 013G 0%

Farnham Upper Hale 002E 44%

Farnham Upper Hale 002C 0%

Godalming Central & Ockford 010A 40%

Farnham Wrecclesham & Rowledge 009D 0%

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Housing overcrowding is less of an issue in Waverley and Surrey than across the rest of the UK, nonetheless it does exist. The issue of overcrowding has been linked to an increase in susceptibility to infectious diseases, chronic illnesses and injuries, poor nutrition and mental disorders (Joint Strategic Needs Assessment, 2009).

Housing overcrowding10 (Census data 2001)

Waverley Borough: 5%

Surrey County : 6%

Wards with highest proportion Wards with lowest proportion Farnham Upper Hale 8% Farnham Bourne 1%

Godalming Central & Ockford 8% Godalming Holloway 2%

Godalming Farncombe & Catteshall 7% Chiddingfold & Dunsfold 2%

The wards where housing overcrowding is highest are also the wards where there are higher numbers of people living in shared dwellings (where multiple, unrelated persons share the same household space). While for most wards this number is 0, there are 10 such households in Godalming Central & Ockford Ridge and 4 in Farncombe. However, it is also interesting to note that the areas with highest incidences of housing overcrowding are also those with high numbers of single-person dwellings. There is clearly a good deal of variation between the numbers of residents of Waverley’s homes in these areas. While Waverley has the lowest proportion of single pensioner households with no central heating in Surrey, there are still areas where 5% of homes do not have access to this type of heating. There are also wards where nearly 1% of homes do not have access to an unshared bath or toilet.

10

Housing overcrowding is measured by occupancy rating – relating the actual number of rooms in a house to the number of rooms required by a family (it is calculated by considering the number of people in the household, the gender of the inhabitants, their age and their relationship to one another).

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Housing Amenities by percentage without a) Central Heating b) Bath/WC (Census data 2001)

Waverley Borough: 3% CH 0.3% for Bath/WC

Surrey County: 4% CH & 0.4% for Bath/WC

Wards with highest proportion

CH Bath/WC

Wards with lowest proportion

CH Bath/ WC

Alfold & Dunsfold 5% 0.4% Godalming Charterhouse

1% 0.3%

Godalming Central & Ockford

4% 0.7% Farnham Bourne 2% 0%

Farnham Castle 4% 0.5% Cranleigh East 2% 0.1%

Shamley Green & Cranleigh North

3% 0%

Blackheath & Wonersh 3% 0%

Possibly the biggest issue for Waverley in terms of housing is access to affordable housing and to key services. The first issue is reflected in average house prices across the Borough and the pockets of deprivation related to income and employment in certain areas. The second issue is reflected in the rural isolation of some of Waverley’s communities, as indicated below:

Deprivation by barriers to housing and services11 (Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2007)

Waverley Borough: Surrey County :



Elstead & Thursley 012B Bramley, Busbridge &

Hascombe 012A Chiddingfold & Dunsfold 015B

Farnham Shortheath & Boundstone 006E

Godalming Binscombe 005B Godalming Central & Ockford 010B

HEALTH

The health of people in Waverley is generally better than the England average (according to the PCT’s Waverley Health Profile, 2009). Life expectancy is high and early deaths from cancer and from heart disease and strokes are lower than the national rates. There are, however, health inequalities in the borough, as explained further on in this report. The priorities for action identified in the Local Area Agreement for Surrey include hospital admissions for alcohol-related harm (10-11 per 1000 people

11

This index is calculated on the basis of proportional housing overcrowding, homelessness and difficulty of access to owner-occupation.

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for Waverley in 2006-2007, the fifth highest in Surrey and higher than the Surrey average), childhood obesity, smoking, social care and teenage pregnancy (though Waverley has the lowest rate in Surrey). Waverley is the third worst borough in Surrey regarding proportion of the population with a limiting life-long illness. Waverley’s Joint Strategic Needs Assessment, 2008, suggests that this could be due to the relatively elderly population of particular wards. This appears to correlate, as the wards with the highest proportions of people indicating poor health are also those with the highest proportions of over 65s. As an example, nearly a third of Alfold etc’s population is over 65, significantly higher than in other wards. This is could partially be due to the inclusion of Elmbridge Retirement Village within the ward, a locale specifically for the older population, and the convalescent home for ex-naval officers, where there are significant levels of need.

Percentage of Ward identifying their health as "good"

Waverley Borough – 75% Surrey County – 75%



Alfold, Cranleigh Rural & Ellens' Green

60% Godalming Holloway 82%

Godalming Binscombe 70% Godalming Charterhouse 80%

Farnham Castle 70% Blackheath & Wonersh 78%

Health concerns associated with age include crude cancer prevalence across Waverley (18 cases per 1000 people, the highest in Surrey). Waverley also has the highest prevalence of coronary heart disease in Surrey at 37 per 1000 of the population. It is clear that ill-health is not just confined to the elderly, however, and may be spread out across the Waverley population in accordance with rural isolation and income as well as with age. The link between income and health has been noted by Lynch et al (2000), and cited by many in a variety of medical studies. For example, Waverley’s Joint Strategic Needs Assessment notes a correlation between income deprivation and prevalence of smoking. Meanwhile, rural isolation has been linked to depression and associated mental health conditions such as dementia (Victor, 2005) both of which are present in high numbers throughout the borough. In fact, Waverley’s most significant health concern (in terms of the numbers concerned) is mental illness (this information is taken from the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment). The crude prevalence of depression across the borough is 105/1000 of the registered population. This is 4% higher than the national average (Department of Health report New Horizons, 2009) and exceeds all other Surrey boroughs except Mole Valley. Waverley also slightly exceeds the national average (just over 7 people in 1000) for proportion of the population with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychoses – 8 people per 1000 of the population.

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The crude prevalence of dementia in Waverley is nearly 8 per 1000 of the population, too. This is almost double the national average and exceeds the other Surrey boroughs. In terms of general population health [with the exception of depression and related disorders and dementia], Waverley’s health statistics are reasonable. Its obesity levels are under the national average and in line with other Surrey boroughs and its smoking and drinking rates are relatively low. 17% of the Waverley population smoke according to the Office of National Statistics. Surrey’s Big Drink Debate indicated that the proportion of Waverley’s 16+ populations who binge drink is significantly lower than both Surrey and England.

CARERS Waverley’s health profile also includes the people who look after those who are unwell – their carers. Carers are an at risk group in terms of missing out on services the people they care for need or that they require themselves. New carers can find that they do not know what their entitlements to services are, or how to find out, while almost a third of longer-term carers find their own health is “not good” and adversely effected; in part due to the strains of caring. (Yeandle et al, 2006-2007).

Proportion of ward who are carers (Census data, 2001) Waverley Borough: 10% Surrey County : 9%

Wards with HIGHEST proportions

Wards with LOWEST proportions

Shamley Green & Cranleigh North 12%

Godalming Central & Ockford 8%

Farnham Bourne 12% Farnham Castle 9%

Elstead & Thursley 12% Farnham Hale & Heath

End 9% Interestingly, the wards with the highest incidences of carers in Waverley do not appear to be wards with the highest incidences of general ill health. The Carers UK Charity compiled a report which discovered: “65 per cent of people with a caring responsibility did not identify themselves as a carer in the first year of caring. For a third of them (32%), it took over five years before they recognised they were a carer. These people are referred to as ‘hidden carers’.” (Carers UK, 2005) Regarding the above wards, it is important to note that these areas provide principally short-term care. If studying the long-term care picture, where people provide 20-49 hours of care a week, the picture is different:

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Proportion of ward who are full-time carers; 20-49 hours per week (Census data, 2001)



Godalming Binscombe 2% Godalming Holloway 1% Alfold, Cranleigh Rural &

Ellen's Green 2% Godalming

Charterhouse 1%

Farnham Bourne 2% Frensham Dockenfield

& Tilford 1%

ACCESS TO SERVICES Despite Waverley’s affluence, it is an area that is particularly at risk from rural disadvantage. One of the most common enquiries the Citizens Advice Bureau receives is related to access to services and people in Waverley, especially those who live in the more isolated settlements, may find it difficult to know what they are entitled to receive and where they can go for help. This is not aided by the public transport issues in Waverley (though these are addressed in part by Hoppa Community Transport). Waverley’s Draft Settlement Hierarchy (2009) has explored the different settlements across Waverley and analysed them in terms of access to facilities including retail, schools and general community facilities. This helps to identify areas of potential rural isolation, which has been identified as a potential issue in Waverley’s Social Inclusion Strategy: “Although some people chose to live in Waverley due to its rural nature, it is an area where getting to services and activities can be difficult, particularly for older or younger people or those with disabilities.” Unfortunately, the settlements aren’t listed by ward. However, there are statistics available for over half the wards in Waverley. On this basis, the following table has been prepared:

Percentage of Wards with highest & lowest scores for community facilities (WBC Draft Settlement Hierarchy, 2009)

Wards with LOWEST

scores

Wards with HIGHEST

scores

Shamley Green & Cranleigh North 1

Bramley, Busbridge & Hascombe 20

Ewhurst 7 Farnham Bourne 19 Alfold, Cranleigh Rural &

Ellens' Green 8 Godalming Binscombe 18

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The scores relate to the number and nature of local retail establishments, access to primary and secondary schools, access to libraries, to community and village halls, to places of worship, petrol stations, play areas, pubs and restaurants, post offices, pharmacies, banks and building societies and primary healthcare provision such as dentists and doctors. The Settlement Hierarchy categories of analysis are similar to those used to measure geographical barriers in the Index of Multiple Deprivation. There doesn’t appear to be much relationship between the two tables, though it is evident that the towns in Waverley are better served than the smaller settlements.

Wards with highest and lowest geographical barriers (Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2007)12

Wards with HIGHEST scores

Wards with LOWEST scores

Elstead & Thursley [012B] Bramley, Busbridge & Hascombe

[012A] Chiddingfold & Dunsfold [015B]

Godalming Central & Ockford [007A] Godalming Farncombe & Catteshall

[005D] Farnham Firgrove [004C]

TRANSPORT It would be useful to have figures for the proportions of each ward who use public transport; such as buses and trains. However, this data is only available through information about commuters. Waverley is split more or less equally between residents who commute out of the borough and who work in the borough. 34% of the population live in the borough and work outside it. 34% live and work in the borough (this information is taken from Surrey figures). This is out of line with Surrey, which has proportionally more resident workers and proportionally fewer commuters. 25% in Surrey live and work outside. 45% live and work inside. This includes a high proportion of home-workers. One could assume that areas with the fewest transport links would be those where home-working was more popular. This appears to be the case; in the more rural communities, there are higher proportions of home workers. It should be noted that although this is a solution to living in a rural area, relatively far away from a town, it would not help people without the technological facilities to do so and could exacerbate the digital divide.

12

This index measures road distance to GPs/hospitals, road distance to conveniences, post offices, levels of

homelessness, difficulty of access to owner-occupation and household occupation (2007)

Page 26

Proportion of ward working from home (Census data, 2001) Waverley Borough: 13% Surrey County : 11%



Frensham Dockenfield & Tilford 20%

Godalming Farncombe & Catteshall 9%

Elstead & Thursley 18% Godalming Central &

Ockford 8% Chiddingfold & Dunsfold 17% Godalming Binscombe 8%

Proportion of ward commuting by car (Census data, 2001) Waverley Borough: 65% Surrey County : 65%



Farnham Hale & Heath End 77% Farnham Castle 56%

Farnham Weybourne & Badshot Lea 75%

Haslemere East & Grayswood 57%

Farnham Shortheath & Boundstone 73%

Godalming Central & Ockford 60%

Very few people in Waverley commute by bus. The highest proportion in any ward is Farnham Upper Hale, where 6% commute in this way.

CRIME Waverley is one of the safest boroughs in one of the safest counties in England. Crime levels are very low. Anti-social behaviour is a recognised priority of the Safer Waverley Partnership. For the last three months of 2009, the crime rate for anti-social behaviour in Waverley was 4.4. This is exactly in line with Surrey figures, but lower than the national rate. According to a study from the Safer Waverley Partnership, residents have highlighted their primary concerns regarding anti-social behaviour as follows:

• Teenagers “hanging about.”

• Rubbish, litter and fly-tipping

• Lack of parental responsibility for their children

• Alcohol abuse by younger people

Page 27

Deprivation associated with Crime (Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2007)



Milford 011D Farnham Upper Hale 002E Farnham Moor Park 003E

Farnham Wrecclesham & Rowledge 009D

Cranleigh East 013A Elstead & Thursley 011B

It may be the case that fear of crime is almost as much of a problem as actual crime in the borough. The Safer Waverley Partnership has highlighted that older members of the community (particularly) often perceive they are at risk when out and about in the area, particularly if it is rural (as much of the Borough is). Research has suggested that fear of crime can have more of a physical and psychological impact on individuals than an actual criminal act in some cases (Williams, McShane & Akers, 2000). People in rural areas tend to be particularly concerned about acquisitive crime, particularly theft of fuel and satellite navigation systems, and stealing from sheds and outbuildings. Another area of crime that should be considered is domestic violence. The Social Inclusion Strategy for the area has suggested that victims: “may be less likely to come forward in an affluent area where there is more to lose in respect of status, social stigma and finances.”

Domestic violence incidences per 1000 of population (Surrey Police, Jan-Dec 2008)

Waverley Borough: 7 Surrey County : 10



Farnham Upper Hale 002E 25

Blackheath & Wonersh 008A 0.5

Farnham Shortheath & Boundstone 006D

23 Farnham Shortheath & Boundstone 009A

0.6

Godalming Central & Ockford 010B 19

CONCLUDING REMARKS The two areas of greatest concern in Waverley regarding equalities are disability and age. Disability, especially, seems to link to a whole series of social deprivations. These different kinds of deprivation are themselves likely to lead to further deprivation – they are so-called “clusters”.

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A disabled person in Waverley appears more likely to be a lower socio-economic classification, suffer from income deprivation, is more likely to claim benefits, more likely to live in social or rented housing and is more likely to live in an overcrowded area. On the positive side, they appear to be more likely to live in one of Waverley’s towns, where there are more amenities available to them. Age links to problems with housing and with health. Older people in Waverley seem more likely to live in temporary accommodation or caravans. They also appear more likely to suffer from ill health and, possibly, be long-term carers themselves. Both of these groups are vulnerable to loneliness and depression, a significant health concern for the Borough. There are some issues relating to gender in Waverley. These relate to benefits claims and lone parenting; which are both in a cluster of deprivation relating to low socio-economic classification, income deprivation, likelihood of living in social/rented housing and housing overcrowding. In some wards, there are significantly higher rates of male benefits claims, even though there are more women in the ward. An example is Alfold and Dunsfold, although it is possible that the Merchant Seaman’s War Memorial Society, which is a convalescent home in the area specifically for males, could have some impact on these figures. In terms of lone parenting; there are proportionally a much larger number of female lone parents than male, though more male lone parents are full-time workers. Many more lone parent females either claim benefits, or work part-time. It doesn’t appear that race and religion bear an immediately obvious relationship to other equality strands in Waverley, or that they correlate to areas of disadvantage. However, there is a concern regarding the Gypsy and Traveller population in Waverley, who are not captured by census data effectively. This makes it difficult to know whether this group of people need support in certain equalities areas or if they experience certain types of disadvantage. Outreach may be the best way to target this group. Outreach may also be the only way to discover how sexual orientation fits into Waverley’s Equality Profile, through groups such as Gay Surrey. There are two clusters of deprivation in Waverley. The first relates to economics. It appears that the more income deprived a ward is, the more likely it is to be at risk of lower educational achievement, higher proportions of benefits claims, unemployment and housing deprivation such as higher levels of social housing and overcrowding. However, access to services in these areas is generally better, probably because the more disadvantaged areas in Waverley tend to be located in the towns rather than the villages. Another cluster of deprivation relates to rural isolation. It seems that rural isolation relates to a higher likelihood of geographical deprivation – access to services and transportation becomes significantly more difficult.

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Bibliography Waverley Borough Council & Surrey County Council Documents Waverley Draft Settlement Hierarchy (2009) Waverley Social Inclusion Strategy (2008) Surrey Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (2008) Ward Mapping Information from Surrey County Council (2001,2007,2008,2009) Ward Mapping Information compiled by Waverley Borough Council (various dates) The Changing Face of Surrey: A Snapshot of Inward International Migration in 2007 (2007) Journals and publications

• Department of Health New Horizons: Towards a Shared Vision for Mental Health Consultation

• De Shalit, A & Wolff, J, (2007) Disadvantage, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

• Hand, C & Betts, P (2008) Developing Survey Questions on Sexual Identity: The Legal & Policy Framework Data Collection Methodology – Social Surveys [Office for National Statistics] 15

• Hogarth, T & Elias, P (1994)Unemployment and Housing Tenure Joseph Rowntree Foundation 8

• The Local Futures Group (2008) Deprivation Barometer – March 2008 Local Futures pp1-4

• Lynch, JW et al (2001) Income Inequality and Mortality British Medical Journal Abstract

• Marshall, B & Johnson S (2005) Crime in Rural Areas: A Review of the Literature for the Rural Evidence Research Centre Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science – University College London

• Paul, C & Ribeiro, O (2009) Predicting Loneliness in Old People Living in the Community Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 53

• Power, A & Coulter, A (2006) Progress on twenty “unpopular” estates, 1980-2005 Joseph Rowntree Foundation Abstract (A London School of Economics Research Study).

• Purdam, K (2008) Surveying Sexual Orientation: Asking Difficult Questions and Providing Useful Answers Cathie Marsh Centre for Census & Survey Research & Department of Politics, Manchester University 1

• Various Authors (2009) Rethinking Social Housing The Smith Institute 8

• Victor, C (2005) Loneliness, Social Isolation & Living Alone in Later Life” ESOR

• Webster, L & Millar, J (2001) Making A Living: The Nature of Employment for New Travellers Joseph Rowntree Foundation Abstract

• Yeandle, S; Bennett, C; Buckner, L; Fry, G & Prince, C (2006/2007) Stages & Transitions in the Experiences of Caring 4-5

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Websites

1. Waverley’s website for information on Services and profiling http://www.waverley.gov.uk

2. Department of Health Consultation: New Horizons http://www.surreylit.org.uk/downloads/New%20Horizons%20consultation%20DH_1031751.pdf date accessed: 11 Jan 2010 16

3. Your Mortgage Online Magazine http://www.yourmortgage.co.uk/showPage.html?page=3625183 date accessed: 05 January 2010.

4. From an article by Joanna Till http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/s/2054727_first_time_buyers_pushed_away_in_waverley date accessed: 05 January 2010

5. Office of National Statistics http://www.statistics.gov.uk date accessed: multiple

6. Data from the NHS’s Quality Management Information System http://www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk/systemsandservices/gpsupport/qmas date accessed: April 2008

7. Carers UK report In the Know http://www.carersuk.org/Professionals/ResearchLibrary/Profileofcaring/1201108799 date accessed: 02 January 2010

8. Bill Stoneham Ofsted Report http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/101547 accessed: 06 January 2010

9. Christine Jones Oftsted Report http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/114343 date accessed: 06 January 2010

10. Brian Evans Ofsted Report http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/95253 date accessed: 06 January 2010

11. Roma Rights Network http://www.romarights.net/content/romani-people-country date accessed: 27 December 2009

12. Times Higher Education Report on Age http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=193659&sectioncode=26 date accessed: 12 January 2010

13. Employers’ Forum on Disability http://www.efd.org.uk/ date accessed: 12 January 2010

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