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August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 1
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Application of Cooling Methods toApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA NICA ProjectProject( ( NNuclotronuclotron--basedbased IIonon CColliderollider ffAAcilitycility ))
AA..SmirnovSmirnov,, EE..AhmanovaAhmanova, V, V..BykovskyBykovsky, A, A..KobetsKobets, , DD..KrestnikovKrestnikov,, II..MeshkovMeshkov, R, R..PivinPivin, A, A..RudakovRudakov, , AA..SidorinSidorin, S, S..YakovenkoYakovenko (JINR, Dubna, Russia)(JINR, Dubna, Russia)
JJüürrgengen DietrichDietrich (FZJ, (FZJ, JJüülichlich))
TakeshiTakeshi KatayamaKatayama (GSI, (GSI, DarmstadtDarmstadt))
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 2
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
The Project goals formulated are the following:1a) Heavy ion colliding beams 197Au79+ x 197Au79+ at
√sNN = 4 ÷ 11 GeV (1 ÷ 4.5 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) at
Laverage= 1⋅1027 cm-2⋅s-1 (at √sNN = 9 GeV)
1b) Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the energy range and luminosity
2) Polarized beams of protons and deuterons:p↑p↑ √sNN = 12 ÷ 25 GeV (5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy )
d↑d↑ √sNN = 4 ÷ 13.8 GeV (2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy )
Development of the NICA Conceptand Technical Design Report
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 3
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
NICA scheme & layout
2.3 m
4.0 m
Booster
Synchrophasotron yoke
Nuclotron
Existing beam lines(solid target exp-s)
Collider
C = 251 m
MPD
Spin Physics Detector (SPD)
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 4
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
NICA scheme & layout (Contnd)
“Old” Linac LU-20
KRION + “New” HILACBooster
Nuclotron
Collider MPD
SPD Beam dump
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 5
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Booster (25 Tm)1(2-3) single-turn injection,
storage of 2 (4-6)×109,acceleration up to 100 MeV/u,
electron cooling,acceleration
up to 600 MeV/u
Nuclotron (45 Tm)injection of one bunch
of 1.1×109 ions,acceleration up to 1÷4.5 GeV/u max.
Collider (45 Tm)Storage of
17 (20) bunches × 1⋅109 ions per ring at 1÷4.5 GeV/u,
electron and/or stochastic cooling
Injector: 2×109 ions/pulse of 197Au32+
at energy of 6.2 MeV/u
IP-1
IP-2
Two superconductingcollider rings
Operation regime and parameters
Stripping (80%) 197Au32+ ⇒ 197Au79+
2х17 (20)injection cycles
Bunch compression (RF phase jump)
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 6
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
0.03ΣLoss = 40%Nextr= 109
0.51⋅10-30.253500At extraction
0.0075<121.5E-40.253500After acceleration
0.051<203.13.4E-40.89594Injection (after stripping)
0.00853.13.2E-40.89600At extraction
0.016<107.173.8E-42.45100After cooling (h=1)
0.0221061.3E-3106.2Injection (after bunching on 4th
harmonics
Space charge
ΔQ
Intensityloss,%
lbunchm
Δp/pεunnormπ⋅mm⋅mrad
E MeV/u
Stage
Bunch parameters dynamics in the injection chainOperation regime and parameters
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 7
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
0 2 4 6
Time Table of The Storage Process
2.1. Operation regime and parameters
B(t)
, arb
. uni
ts0
0,5
11,5
2
0 2 4 6
Booster magnetic field
B(t)
, arb
. uni
ts
Nuclotron magnetic field
t, [s]
t, [s]
electroncooling
1 (2-3) injection cycles,electron cooling (?)
Extraction, stripping to 197Au79+
bunch compression,extraction
injection
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 8
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Electron cooling in BoosterParameters of electron cooling system
5×10-4Misalignment of ion and electron beams axes
200 / 0.5Electron beam temperature long/trans, meV
1.0Electron beam current, A
14Initial bunch length, m
10RF voltage, kV
5×10-4Initial momentum spread
1.5Initial transverse emittance, π mm mrad
2×109Particle number
197Au32+Ion kind
100Ion energy, MeV
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 9
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Layout of Booster Electron Cooler
electron gun
collector
cryostat
superconducting solenoids
“warm” solenoids
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 10
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Electron gun and collector
Collector Electron gun
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 11
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Electron cooling in BoosterSimulation of e-cooling process
Evolution of the bunched ion beam parameters during the cooling process with misalignment angle of 5×10-4. a) horizontal (red) and vertical (blue) emittances, b) ion momentum spread, c) longitudinal emittance.
a) c)b)
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 12
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Beam Profiles withMisalignment of Electron Beam Axis
Ion beam density distribution after 2 seconds of the cooling: a) horizontal (red) and vertical (blue) profiles, b) transverse plane and c) horizontal transverse phase space of the cooled ion beam
a) c)b)
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 13
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
0.E+00 2.E-04 4.E-04 6.E-04 8.E-04 1.E-03
misaligment, rad
cool
ing
time,
sec
00.20.40.60.811.21.41.61.8
emitt
ance
, pi m
m m
rad
cooling timeemittance
The dependence of the cooling time and transverse emittance after the cooling process on the misalignment angle between electron and ion beams axes; “the cooling time” is defined as a time interval when the longitudinal emittance decreases from 7.5 eV⋅s to 2.5 eV⋅s
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 14
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
2 x 4 Number of vertical dipoles per ring24 / 3.0 mNumber of dipoles / length
4 x 8.8 mShort straight sections: number / length,2 x 48.0 mLong straight sections: number / length
29.0Quad gradient (max), [ T/m ]
4.0Dipole field (max), [ T ]
32 / 0.4 mNumber of quads / length
1.0 ÷ 4.56Ion kinetic energy (Au79+), [GeV/u]
251.52Ring circumference, [m]45.0Bρ max [ T⋅m ]
ColliderGeneral Parameters
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 15
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
0Beam crossing angle at IP
9 mFree space at IP (for detector)
0.0 / 0.0Dx / Dy in IP, m
0.5 / 0.5βx_min / βy_min in IP, m
5.9 / 0.2Dx_max / Dy_max in FODO period, m
5.26 / 5.17Betatron tunes Qx / Qy
102100
RF system harmonics amplitude, [kV]
100 ÷ 10Vacuum, [ pTorr ]
4.95 / 3.012 GeV/uTransition energy, γ_tr / E_tr
16.8 / 15.2βx_max / βy_max in FODO period, m
-12.22 / -11.85Chromaticity Q’x / Q’y
Collider General parameters (Contnd)
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 16
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
1717Number of bunches per ring1E91E9Ion number per bunch
50650IBS growth time, s0.00510.0026Beam-beam parameter ξ0.0470.056Incoherent tune shift ΔQbet
1.1E270.75E26Luminosity per one IP, cm-2·s-10.30.3Rms bunch length, m
1E-31E-3Rms momentum spread0.25 3.8Rms unnormalized beam emittance, π·mm mrad
3.51.0Energy, GeV/u
Collider General parameters (Contnd)
Collider beam parameters and luminosity
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 17
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Electron cooling system of the ColliderMax electron energy, MeV 2.5Max electron current, A 0.5Solenoid magnetic field, T 0.3 - 2“Magnetized” electron beamSolenoid type: “warm” at acceleration/deceleration columns
superconducting at transportation and cooling sectionsHV generator: Dynamitron type
6 m
3 m
Under development in collaboration - All-Russian Institute for
Electrotechnique (Moscow)- IKP (FZ-Juelich)
- Budker INP (Novosibirsk)
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 18
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Electron cooling in ColliderParameters of electron cooling system
1.0Beam lifetime due to recombination, hour
5.0Longitudinal electron temperature meV
50.0Transverse electron temperature, eV
20Beta functions in cooling section, m
2×10-5Magnetic field inhomogeneity in cooling section
2.0Magnetic field in cooling section, T
0.5Electron beam radius, cm
0.5Electron beam current, A
6.0Effective cooler length, m2.4Maximum electron energy, MeV
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 19
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Simulation of e-cooling process
luminosity
emittances (normalized)
momentum spread (GeV/c)
profiles
invariants
core
tail
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 20
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Longitudinal stochastic cooling in Collider(Palmer method)
1. Particle: 197Au79+, 3.5 GeV/u, Gamma=4.76, Beta=0.978 2. Ring circumference: 225 m 3. Number of particles: 1e9 ions/bunch. 4. Achieved Bunch length: ~ 0.12 m, 0.4 nsec (1 sigma)5. Initial (injected) momentum spread : 1.5e-3 (1 sigma)6. Initial (injected) bunch length : 0.7 m, 2.5 nsec (1 sigma)7. Ring slipping factor: 0.02328. Time of flight from PU to Kicker: 0.4 e-6 sec 9. Dispersion at PU: 5.0m, Dispersion at Kicker=0.0 m 10. Band width: 2-4 GHz11. Number of PU, and Kicker=128 12. Pickup Impedance=50 Ohm13. Gain=90 dB. 14. Atmospheric Temperature: 300 K, Noise Temperature=40 K15. RF Voltage = 10 kV, (Harmonic Number=102)16. Transverse emittance = 0.3 Pi mm.mrad (constant)
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 21
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Simulation of s-cooling process
50 sec
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 22
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
Longitudinal Stochastic cooling for Nuclotron
kicker
pick up
August 31, 2009 COOL Workshop, Lanzhou, China 23
A.Smirnov, Application of Cooling Methods to NICA ProjectApplication of Cooling Methods to NICA Project
GSI/FAIR (Darmstadt)SC dipoles for Booster/SIS-100SC dipoles for Collider
NICA Collaboration
Budker INP (Novosibirsk)Booster RF systemBooster electron coolingCollider RF systemCollider SC magnets(expertise)HV electron cooler for colliderElectronics
IHEP (Protvino)Injector Linac
IKP (FZ-Jűlich)HV Electron coolerStoch. cooling
Fermilab (Batavia)HV Electron coolerStoch. cooling
All-Russian Institute for ElectrotechniqueHV Electron cooler (Moscow)
Corporation “Powder Metallurgy” (Minsk, Belorussia)Technology of TiN coating of vacuum chamber walls for reduction of secondary emission
BNL (Upton)Electron &Stoch. Cooling
ITEP (Moscow). Beam Dynamics