Application of Real-Time System to a Selected Automatic

8/8/2019 Application of Real-Time System to a Selected Automatic

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Application of RealApplication of Real--time system to a selectedtime system to a selectedAutomatic control problemsAutomatic control problems

Author; Eliphas Tongora, Alb No 139530Author; Eliphas Tongora, Alb No 139530

Lect; Prof J.JozewczykiLect; Prof J.Jozewczyki



AUTOMOBILE ENGINESAUTOMOBILE ENGINES

Automobile engine refers to a fuelAutomobile engine refers to a fuel--consuming machine or device that is usedconsuming machine or device that is used

for propelling automobiles, airplanes, tractors, buses, two wheelers, car etc.for propelling automobiles, airplanes, tractors, buses, two wheelers, car etc.Engine forms an integral component of a vehicle that transforms chemicalEngine forms an integral component of a vehicle that transforms chemicalenergy in fuel into mechanical energy for power. Usually, automobile enginesenergy in fuel into mechanical energy for power. Usually, automobile enginesmake use of four strokes to turn chemical energy into mechanical energymake use of four strokes to turn chemical energy into mechanical energywith the help of combustion of gases or hydrocarbon fuel.with the help of combustion of gases or hydrocarbon fuel.



ENGINEENGINE



AUTOMOBILES PISTONAUTOMOBILES PISTON

What is a piston?What is a piston?

A piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder.A piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder.its also component of reciprocating engines, pumps and gas compressors. It isits also component of reciprocating engines, pumps and gas compressors. It is

located in a cylinder and is made by gaslocated in a cylinder and is made by gas--tight piston rings. In an engine, itstight piston rings. In an engine, itspurpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to thepurpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to thecrankshaft via a piston rod and / or connecting rod. In a pump, the function iscrankshaft via a piston rod and / or connecting rod. In a pump, the function isreversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for thereversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for thepurpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, thepurpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, thepiston also acts as a valve by covering and Uncovering ports in the cylinder wall.piston also acts as a valve by covering and Uncovering ports in the cylinder wall.



A Car pistonA Car piston

((E) Exhaust camshaft,E) Exhaust camshaft,

(I) Intake camshaft,(I) Intake camshaft,

(S)(S) Spark plug,Spark plug,

(V) Valves,(V) Valves,

(P) Piston,(P) Piston,

(R) Connecting rod,(R) Connecting rod,

(C)(C) Crankshaft,Crankshaft,

(W) Water jacket for(W) Water jacket forcoolant flow.coolant flow.



Short history of PistonShort history of Piston

The development of the piston engine marked the beginning of theThe development of the piston engine marked the beginning of theindustrialization period in Europe, setting the stage for the mass production ofindustrialization period in Europe, setting the stage for the mass production ofsteam engines, automobiles and airplanes. Piston engines provided lots of powersteam engines, automobiles and airplanes. Piston engines provided lots of powerwithout weighing down the machine, allowing planes, trains and cars to acceleratewithout weighing down the machine, allowing planes, trains and cars to accelerateand reach speeds that no other mode of transport had ever achieved.and reach speeds that no other mode of transport had ever achieved.

Credit for inventing history's first piston engine goes to French physicist DenisCredit for inventing history's first piston engine goes to French physicist DenisPapin, who published his design for a piston steam engine in 1690. The basicPapin, who published his design for a piston steam engine in 1690. The basicdesign evolved by the early eighteenth century: Thomas Newcomen of Englanddesign evolved by the early eighteenth century: Thomas Newcomen of Englandand James Watt of Scotland improved upon Papin's innovation by adding a boilerand James Watt of Scotland improved upon Papin's innovation by adding a boilerand steam condenser to the cylinder, further enhancing performanceand steam condenser to the cylinder, further enhancing performance

After the inventions of James Watt and Thomas Newcomen in the earlyAfter the inventions of James Watt and Thomas Newcomen in the earlyeighteenth century, a number of variations of the piston engine started toeighteenth century, a number of variations of the piston engine started to

appear in the industrial sphere. The atmospheric engine, steam engine, Stirlingappear in the industrial sphere. The atmospheric engine, steam engine, Stirlingengine and internal combustion engine emerged by the nineteenth century,engine and internal combustion engine emerged by the nineteenth century,subsequently providing power for trains and automobiles. In the present day, thesubsequently providing power for trains and automobiles. In the present day, theinternal combustion engine powers motor vehiclesinternal combustion engine powers motor vehicles



How piston worksHow piston works

INTAKEINTAKE

COMPRESSIONCOMPRESSION

POWERPOWER

EXHAUST EXHAUST



FucntionFucntion

In piston engines, a crankshaft allowed for the rapid rotation of a shaft via a rodIn piston engines, a crankshaft allowed for the rapid rotation of a shaft via a rodmounted on a moving plug. With a propeller mounted at the end of the shaft, themounted on a moving plug. With a propeller mounted at the end of the shaft, theengine could power an airplane. Sheathed inside a cylinder, it could power theengine could power an airplane. Sheathed inside a cylinder, it could power theengine of a train or automobile. Inlineengine of a train or automobile. Inline



PistonPiston

VV -- The cylinders are arranged in two banks set at an angle to one anotherThe cylinders are arranged in two banks set at an angle to one another



PistonPiston

FlatFlat -- The cylinders are arranged in two banks on opposite sides of the engineThe cylinders are arranged in two banks on opposite sides of the engine



ReferencesReferences

Htt://www.auto.howstuffworks.comHtt://www.auto.howstuffworks.com

http://www.familycar.comhttp://www.familycar.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston

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Application of Real-Time System to a Selected Automatic