EDAPHOLOG monitoring system: automatic, real …zoolog.hu/wp-content/uploads/pdf/SoilZoology.pdf · EDAPHOLOG monitoring system: automatic, real-time detection of soil microarthropods

EDAPHOLOG monitoring system: automatic, real-time detection of soil

microarthropods

Miklós Dombos, Norbert Flórián, Zita Groó, Péter Dudás, Beáta Oláh-

Hambek, András Kosztolá[email protected]

22-26 August 2016 The XVII International Colloquium on Soil Zoology

The XVII International Colloquium on Soil Zoology

22-26 August 2016

Monitoring Soil Biological Activity by using a novel tool: EDAPHOLOG-System – system building and field testingMEDAPHON LIFE 08ENV/H/000292

The XVII International Colloquium on Soil Zoology

22-26 August 2016

80-100mm

20mm

Tests on precision and accuracy

1. Detectability and body size estimation in laboratory

2. Comparison of the Catching efficiency of EDAPHOLOGprobes, Pitfall traps and Soil extraction on a single test site.

3. Detectability in field, 100 EDAPHOLOG probes on 25 monitoring plots

22-26 August 2016The XVII International Colloquium on Soil

Zoology

• Recording Detection (1/0) and body size estimates in EDAPHOLOG

• Measuring Body sizes (mm) by using stereo microscope

• n=588


Zoology

1. Laboratory tests: Detectability and body size estimation

Morphotypes Body length

(mm)

Oribatid mites 0.3 - 1.7

Other mites 0.5 - 1.8

Euedaphic Collembola (Coecobrya magyari, Folsomia

candida)

0.5 - 1.9

Haired epigeic Collembola (Orchesella cincta, O.

spectabilis)

1.0 - 5.9

Scaled epigeic Collembola (Heteromurus nitidus,

Lepidocyrtus curvicollis, L. paradoxus, Pogonognathellus

flavescens)

0.6 - 4.7

22-26 August 2016 The XVII International Colloquium on Soil Zoology

• Binomial GLM, (morphotype: χ2 = 4.507, df= 4, p = 0.342, measured size: χ2 = 9.218, df = 1, p = 0.002)

• 95.6% of the individuals

• Smallest Oribatida: 87.5% of the animals was

detected

• Detectability reached near 1at around 2 mm

body lengths in each microarthropod

morphotype

Laboratory tests results


Zoology

Body length estimation

quadratic model explained less than a third of the total variance (R2 = 0.32)

2. What does EDAPHOLOG probe catch? Field study on one site

• 50x50m Alfalfa field, 30th April - 17th May 2015

• 20 EDAPHOLOG probes + 20 pitfall traps + 20 soil samples


Zoology

Soil extractionPitfall trapEDAPHOLOG trap

Results on three Sampling methods

• Pitfall traps >> butmacroarthropods, as well(green)

• Euedaphic species at both trapping methods (!?)

• Relative abundances of soil-living microarthropods (dark blue) >> at soil extraction (OK)


Zoology


Zoology

Taxa/Species or types Morphotype

maximum

size (mm)Mean number (SD) of individuals captured by

Edapholog trap Pitfall trap Soil Extraction

Entomobryomorpha (juveniles)

epiedaphic

15 (23.4) 81.4 (47.4) 13.6 (14.5)

Heteromurus major (Moniez, 1889) 2 4 (4.9) 13.6 (10.2)

Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835) 3 8.2 (5.3) 3 (2.4) 0.3 (0.8)

Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus (Gmelin 1788) 1,2 57.9 (73.8) 133.9 (167.8) 1 (1.4)

Lepidocyrtus paradoxus Uzel 1891 3 0.6 (1) 6.5 (4.3)

Orchesella cincta (Linnaeus, 1758) 4,5 2.4 (2.4) 63.9 (21.1) 0.2 (0.4)

Proisotoma minuta (Tullberg, 1871) 1,1 1.7 (1.7) 3 (2.7) 0.3 (0.8)

Sminthurinus elegans (Fitch, 1863) 0,7 6.6 (16.8) 67.2 (46.7) 0.2 (0.5)

Sminthurus maculatus Tömösvary, 1883 2,8 0.6 (0.9) 25 (14.6)

Sminthurus viridis Linneaus, 1758 3 0.2 (0.4) 9.6 (6.8) 0.1 (0.2)

Sphaeridia pumilis (Krausbauer, 1898) 0,5 3.4 (6) 26.1 (28.5) 0.1 (0.2)

Isotomurus fucicolus (Schött, 1893)

euedaphic

2 11.9 (14.5) 162.1 (133.3) 0.8 (1.1)

Onychiuridae 1 0.5 (0.6) 0.4 (0.5) 0.6 (0.9)

Xenylla welchi Folsom 1916 0,9 0.1 (0.4) 10.4 (7.3) 0.1 (0.2)

Pitfall traps captured much more individuals than the other two methods(MANOVA, Wilk’s λ = 0.061, F10,102 = 31.16, p < 0.001).


Zoology

Mesostigmata 2 29.3 (17.6) 47.4 (28.3) 36.1 (21.6)

Astigmata 2 0.9 (1.3) 1.7 (2.3) 1.4 (1.9)

Prostigmata 2 0.4 (0.8) 2.6 (1.8) 0.1 (0.3)

Oribatida 2 2.9 (3.4) 2.6 (2.5) 29.8 (15.8)

Diptera larvae 2 4.8 (5.1) 1.3 (1.3) 1.9 (5.6)

2 5.7 (5.6) 1.2 (1.1) 0.8 (1.2)

Taxa/Species or typesMorphoty

pes

maximum

size (mm)

Mean number (SD) of individuals

captured by

Edapholog

trapPitfall trap

Soil

Extraction

Diplura 2 1.3 (1.6) 0.3 (0.6) 0.7 (1)

Pauropoda 2 1.3 (1.5) 0.2 (0.4)

Protura 2 0.3 (1.1) 0.1 (0.3)

Symphyla 2 0.2 (0.4) 0.1 (0.2) 0.2 (0.4)

• The number of soil-living microarthropods was relatively high at both trapping methods, which is unusual, and probably only reflects the actual habitat.

• Euedaphic Apterygotes: Diplura, Pauropoda, Protura and Symphyla were caught more efficiently by EDAPHOLOG than by pitfall traps

• The relative abundances of soil-living microarthropods were the highest at soil extraction.


Zoology

Araneae 5 mm< 3 0.2 (0.5) 8.6 (4.3)

Chilopoda 3 0.2 (0.4) 0.2 (0.4) 0.3 (0.5)

Coleopteranot Carabidae or

Staphylinidae3 1.3 (1.2) 15.6 (8.5)

Coleoptera Carabidae 3 1.3 (1.5) 12.5 (7.9) 0.6 (1.4)

Hemiptera not Cicada 3 0.5 (0.8) 11.7 (6.5) 0.1 (0.2)

Hymenoptera Formicidae 3 2.9 (3.4) 65.2 (145.9) 1.5 (2.3)

Isopoda 4 0.1 (0.3) 1.3 (1.3)

Mollusca 3 0.4 (0.9) 1.4 (1.3)

Coleoptera Staphylinidae 4 13.4 (8.6) 93.5 (55.6) 0.1 (0.3)

Coleoptera larvae 4 2.7 (1.9) 21.6 (14.7) 6.3 (5.1)

Diplopoda 5 mm> 4 0.1 (0.2) 0.3 (1)

Diplopoda 5 mm< 4 0.3 (0.6) 0.9 (1)

Thysanoptera 4 0.9 (1.1) 0.6 (0.9)

Hymenoptera not Formicidae 5 0.8 (1.1) 8.5 (5.7) 0.2 (0.5)

Orthoptera 5 0.2 (0.7) 0.3 (1.3)

Taxa/Species or typesMorphotype

s

maximum

size (mm)Mean number (SD) of individuals captured by

Edapholog trap Pitfall trap Soil Extraction

Species accumulation curves


Zoology

Red: EDAPHOLOG Gray: Pitfall trapsBlue: Soil extraction

--- Mean number of species··· 95% confidence intervalsSoftware used: EstimateS

3. Detectability on 25 field plots


Zoology

• 100 EDAPHOLOG probes on 25 field plots (4 EDAPHOLOG per plot)• 7 soil types: Ramann brown forest soils, Brown forest soils with clay illuviation,

Chernozems, Meadow soils, Alluvial soils, Sandy soils, Solonetz• 8 habitat types: Oak-, Gallery forest, Seminatural-, mesic- and saline grasslands, Shrubland,

Orchards, arable land• 3 months: September - November in 2013

• Out of 100 Probes:

• 7 lost their radio connection

• 4 got soaked

• 5 got flooded by mud

• 84 probes were analysed


Zoology

TaxaTotal number

of individuals

Epigeic Collembola

(Entomobryidae, Symphypleona) 370

Euedaphic Collembola

(Poduromorpha) 18

Acari 471

859 (73.7%)

Staphilinidae 128

Isopoda 120

Carabidae 14

Diptera larva 12

Araneae 17

Chilopoda 4

Formicidae 4

299 (26.3%)

• ≈3/4 of the arthropod: Collembola or

Acari.

• Some other arthropods with smaller

body size (mostly rove beetles

(Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) and

isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea) were

also caught.

Results of the field study

Precision and accuracy in field study


Zoology

• slope = 1.02 ± 0.07, p = 0.828

• intercept = -0.32 ± 0.16, p = 0.065


Zoology

Temporal dynamics on one plot

Spearman correlation, rs = 0.871, p < 0.001


Zoology

• Soil temperature and moisture sensors are already linked

• Mathematical modelling

EDAPHOLOG 2.0

• Shorter tube• Camera to

measure body size

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Thank You for Your Attention!


Zoology

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EDAPHOLOG monitoring system: automatic, real …zoolog.hu/wp-content/uploads/pdf/SoilZoology.pdf · EDAPHOLOG monitoring system: automatic, real-time detection of soil microarthropods