Applications of Applications of Molecular SystematicsMolecular Systematics

- Plants: chloroplast DNA, mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA

- Animals: mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA

Different in modes of inheritance, amount of variation, easy of application.

Molecular DataMolecular Data

- to solve taxonomic problems.- to verify the existing

taxonomy/classification.- to view the existing

taxonomy/classification from molecular aspect.

Can be done on different taxonomic (familial, subfamilial, generic, specific and subspecific) levels.

ApplicationsApplications

Taxonomic ProblemsTaxonomic Problems

Taxonomic position of families Guttiferea and Hypericaceae

Phylogeny based on trnL-trnF (cpDNA) sequence data

Taxonomic ProblemsTaxonomic Problems

Phylogeny comparison of nDNA and cpDNA data

Neobalanocarpus heimii has a male parent of Shorea and female parent of Hopea

Verification of Classification/Taxonomy Verification of Classification/Taxonomy

Classification of genus Hopea by Ashton (1982)

Phylogeny based on PgiC (nuclear DNA) sequence data

- Molecular systematics serves as complimentary evidence to traditional (morphological) taxonomy/classification.

- Taxonomy/classification based on morphology needs to be established before the application of molecular systematics.

Roles of Molecular SystematicsRoles of Molecular Systematics