Applying Learning Applying Learning Strategies in the Strategies in the
classroom, from theory classroom, from theory to practiceto practice
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO SJOHN HOWARD GALINDO SELT CONSULTANTELT CONSULTANT
[email protected]/johnhowardgalindo.aspx
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
OBJECTIVES
1.1.Learning Strategies: an overview of some Learning Strategies: an overview of some theorists. theorists.
2.2.Easy to do exercises for the everyday classes.Easy to do exercises for the everyday classes.
3.3.Making our own activities.Making our own activities.
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
HOW MUCH DO WE KNOW ABOUT LEARNING STRATEGIES?
Organize groups of 4 o 5 people (just look Organize groups of 4 o 5 people (just look around you).around you).
Along with your new crew, try to make an Along with your new crew, try to make an advertisement campaign for your English advertisement campaign for your English class. (draw a poster, write a slogan, etc.)class. (draw a poster, write a slogan, etc.)
You’ve got 10 minutes…9 minutes…You’ve got 10 minutes…9 minutes…04/20/2304/20/23 03:07 AM03:07 AM
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Weinstein and Mayer in Wittrock (1986) "behaviors and thoughts that a learner engages in during learning, and that are intended to influence the learner's encoding process. Nisbet and Shucksmith (1986) "the processes that underlie performance on thinking tasks.“…”strategies are more than simple sequences or agglomerations of skills”
SOME DEFINITIONS OF LEARNING SOME DEFINITIONS OF LEARNING STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES
Rebecca Oxford, (1990) “Specific actions, behaviors, steps or techniques students use, in order to improve their learning process in a foreign language.Such strategies make the learning easier, faster, more effective, more autonomous, more fun and allows to get the learnt knowledge transferred to new situations.
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Learning Learning StrategiesStrategies
Direct Direct StrategiesStrategies
Indirect Indirect StrategiesStrategies
Memory strategies
Cognitive Cognitive StrategiesStrategies
Compensation Compensation StrategiesStrategies
Metacognitive Metacognitive StrategiesStrategies
Affective Affective StrategiesStrategies
Social Social StrategiesStrategies
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Memory Memory strategiesstrategies
Direct Direct StrategiesStrategies
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Creating Mental Creating Mental ImagesImages
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Creating Mental Creating Mental ImagesImages
MultitaskingMultitasking
GlobalizatGlobalizat
ionion
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Sound 1
Sound 2
Sound 3
Creating Mental Creating Mental ImagesImages
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Memory Memory strategiesstrategies
1. Memory Strategies
B. Applying Images and Sounds
C. Reviewing well
A. Creating Mental Images
D. Employing Action
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Cognitive Cognitive StrategiesStrategies
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Compensation Compensation StrategiesStrategies
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Metacognition-a definition
O´Malley explained metacognitive as thinking about the learning process, planning for learning, monitoring of comprehension or production while it is taking place, and self-evaluation of learning after the language activity is completed (O’Malley et al 1985)Chamot and O´Malley(1997) explain metacognitive strategies as how to approach or attack a learning task…how successfully a learning task is proceeding or has proceeded.
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Strategies are influenced by several factors:
• Personality traits•Genre•Motivational Level•Nationality•Purpose for learning the language•Degree of awareness•Stage of learning•Task requirements***
•Teacher expectations•Age
Englis
h Learni
ng
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
I want to be the I want to be the champion!champion!
Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
GeneralGeneralLearning vs. Learning vs. acquisitionacquisition
What are What are learning learning Strategies?Strategies?Learning: is a conscious
knowledge of language rules; does not typically lead to conversational fluency and is derived from formal instruction.
Acquisition: on the other hand, occurs unconsciously and spontaneously; leads to conversational fluency, and arises from a naturalistic language use.
ConsideratiConsiderationsons
Specific actions, behaviors, steps or techniques students use, in order to improve their learning process in a foreign language.
Such strategies make the learning easier, faster, more effective, more autonomous, funnier and allows to get the learnt knowledge transferred to new situations.
(Rebecca Oxford, 1990)
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
“Nowadays interest has changed from students learn or acquire to learners gain language” (Oxford, 1990)
WHATHOW
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
LEARNING STRATEGIES LEARNING STRATEGIES CLASIFICATIONCLASIFICATION
Learning Strategies
Direct Strategies
Indirect Strategies
Memory StrategiesCognitive StrategiesCompensation Strategies
Metacognitive StrategiesAfective StrategiesSocial Strategies
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
DIRECT DIRECT STRATEGIESTRATEGIESS
1. Memory Strategies
B. Applying Images and Sounds
C. Reviewing well
A. Creating Mental Images
D. Employing Action
2. Cognitive Strategies
B. Receiving and sending messagesC. Analyzing and reasoning
A. Practicing
D. Creating Structure for Input and Output
3. Compensation Strategies
B. Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing
A. Guessing Intelligently
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Grouping and Classifying Grouping and Classifying Using Words in a New Context Using Words in a New Context
Making
Associations Making
Associations
1. Memory Strategies
Creating Mental Linkages Emphasize on the specific learning of
a foreignlanguage through meaningful
associationswithin the learners’ context.
DIRECT STRATEGIES
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Applying Images and SoundsThis makes easier for learners to store and recover vocabulary learnt, as well as expressions through using images.
Using Imagery Using Imagery
Using Keywords Using Keywords
Using Images to Convey MeaningUsing Images to Convey Meaning
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Reviewing well: Time to CheckThis strategy invites the learners to check again what they read or write in order to remember, memorize and process the information.
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Copying: Following
Models Copying: Following
Models
2. Cognitive StrategiesPracticing: Time to PracticeInvite learners to work on meaningful activities.
Recognizing and Using Formulas and Patterns Recognizing and Using Formulas and Patterns
Applying RulesApplying Rules
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
PracticingRecombiningRecombining
Practicing Naturalistic Practicing Naturalistic
Producing Authentic TextsProducing Authentic Texts
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Analyzing and ReasoningKey strategies to developing communicative skills. They can be used to understand a word or expression and used it in creating new texts.
Analyzi
ngAnalyzi
ng
Critical Thinking Critical Thinking
Sol
ving P
uzz
les
Sol
ving P
uzz
les
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Analyzing and ReasoningTransferringTransferring
Making Connections
Making Connections
Pers
onal
izin
gPe
rson
aliz
ing
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Receiving and Sending MessagesThis strategy helps learners comprehend texts and produce new ones more easily.
Getting the Idea Quickly: Skimming and Scanning Getting the Idea Quickly: Skimming and Scanning
Using Resources Using Resources
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JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Creating Structure for Input and OutputThese strategies are necessary for creating structure for both comprehension processes as well as production in the learning of a foreign language.
Taking Notes Taking Notes
SummarizingSummarizing
Highlighting: Identifying Highlighting: Identifying
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
3. Compensation Strategies
Gu
ess
ing
Inte
llig
en
tly
Gu
ess
ing
Inte
llig
en
tly
Using Context Clues Using Context Clues
Making Inferences Making Inferences
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
INDIRECT INDIRECT STRATEGIESTRATEGIESS
1. Metacognitive Strategies
B. Arranging and planning your learningC. Evaluating your learning
A. Centering your learning
2. Affective Strategies
B. Encouraging yourself
C. Taking your emotional temperature
A. Lowering your anxiety
3. Social Strategies
B. Cooperating with others
A. Asking questions
C. Empathizing with others
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
1. Metacognitive Strategies
Centering your Learning Centering your Learning
Using Prior Knowledge
Using Prior Knowledge
Using Selective Attention
Using Selective Attention
INDIRECT STRATEGIES
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Arranging and Planning Learning
Org
aniz
ing
Org
aniz
ing
Sequencing
Events Sequencing
Events
Using Graphic Organizers Using Graphic Organizers
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Arranging and Planning Learning
Previewing and
Anticipating Previewing and
Anticipating
Making Predictions Making Predictions
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JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Evaluating Learning
Self-monitoring: Time
to Check
Self-monitoring: Time
to Check
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
2. Aftective StrategiesLowering Anxiety
Using
Laughter Using
Laughter
I
DON’T
WANT
TO!!
Reluctant
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Taking Your Emotional Temperature
Using a Checklist
Using a Checklist
Discussing/Expressing Personal
Feelings Discussing/Expressing Personal
Feelings
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
3. Social Strategies
Deve
lop
ing
Cu
ltu
ral
Un
ders
tan
din
gD
eve
lop
ing
Cu
ltu
ral
Un
ders
tan
din
g
Asking QuestionsAsking Questions
Assessment, Methods, and Strategies
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant
Thanks for your attention, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Any Further information refer to:
JOHN HOWARD GALINDO S
ELT CONSULTANT
GREENWICH
www.educadores-online.com/johnhowardgalindo.aspx