APUSH Key Concept 4.2 Part I-III Unit 4 Board Notes-Day 3

Textile Industry• Samuel Slater – advanced

cotton spinner, opens factory in 1790

• Improved British technology and cheaper labor

• Francis Cabot Lowell’s Waltham Factory

• 1830s, 40,000 N.E. farm girls in factories

• Improved technology, female labor, and tariff protection benefited the Boston Companies

Cultural Nationalism

• Younger generation of Americans voting.

• Wars are over, and era or prosperity ahead.

• Paintings by Stuart, Peale and Trumbull.

• Fictionalized biographies of American heroes.

• Expanding public schools which promoted patriotism and nationalism expand.

Economic Nationalism• Fears of British good

being dumped after the war led to high tariffs called Protective Tariffs.

• Tariff of 1816• American System

– Protective Tariffs– A national bank– Internal improvements

Cumberland (National Road), 1811(completed

1850s)

The Canal Systems• By 1840, canals

connect all major lakes and rivers east of Mississippi.

• Lower food prices in the East.

• More immigrants settling in the West.

• Result: Stronger economic ties between two sections.

Principal Canals in 1840

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

1807: The Clermont

Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory

Interchangeable Parts Rifle (during War of 1812)

OliverEvans

First prototype of the locomotive

First automated flour mill

John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper:

1831

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer

1840sSewing Machine

Corporations for Raising CapitalGeneral Incorporation Law (NY

1848) passed in New York to raise capital (money) by selling shares of stock.

Laissez faire BUT, govt. did much to assist capitalism!

Owners of a corporation only risk initial investment. This facilitates large sums of capital raised for factories, canals, and RR.

Why New England?• Abundant

waterpower• Excellent seaports

for shipping goods• Plentiful capital

available for investing

• Decline of farming in North = + labor supply

• NY, NJ & PA follow NE’s lead.

• Factory system encourages banking and insurance

The Early Union Movement

Workingman’s Party (1829) * Founded by Robert Dale Owen and others in New York City.

Early trade (or craft) unions were usually local, social, and weak starting in 1790s.

Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842).Goals of Unions: Reduce the workday to 10 hours, better pay, and better working conditions.

Obstacles: replacement workers (immigrants), state laws against unions, economic depressions

Regional Specialization

EAST Industrial

SOUTH Cotton & Slavery

WEST The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

American Population Centers in 1820

American Population Centers in 1860

Population Growth• 1800-25 population

doubles. Then again.

• High birthrate• UK and German

migration after 1830.

• Non-whites decline from 20% to 15% of total pop. Why?

• By 1830s, 1/3 of pop. live west of Alleghenies (PA) mountains

National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860

Why now?