APUSH Unit 11 OutlineVUS: 10,11, and 12

World War II/Cold War

Samuel Cortes and Michael Bugas

Unit 11 Overview• World War II

– Rise of Fascism• Cold War

– Korean War– Cuban Missile Crisis– “Containment”– Vietnam War– Domino Theory

• Harry S. Truman- Fair Deal• Dwight D. Eisenhower• John F. Kennedy- New Frontier• LBJ- Great Society and Vietnam

World War II

• 1939 Germany invades Poland sparking WWII

• Blitzkrieg takes Europe by surprise

• Roosevelt and U.S. try to stay out of war

• Isolationist Policy

• Roosevelt establishes preventative measures in case of war– Lend Lease Act– Selective Service Act

• Axis Powers

U.S. entrance into WWII

• December 7, 1941- Japanese planes attack U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor

• This drags the U.S. into WWII against Germany, Italy, and Japan

U.S. Mobilization

• New Agencies Established– OSS (Office of Strategic

Services)– OWI (Office of War

Information)– NWLB (National War

Labor Board)

• All established to regulate wartime economy and keep home support of the war.

U.S. Mobilization Ctd.

• Economy shifted to provide resources to the army

• New workers such as women and other minorities were given wartime jobs

• Atomic bomb being developed by U.S. – “Manhattan Project”– Robert Openheimer

Women in Work

What a joke! haha

Home Front• At home the depression was

finally ended by availability of wartime jobs

• Japanese Americans interned for fear of conspiracy and racial leanings

• Korematsu vs. U.S. upheld this decision

• Race riots occurred in cities like Los Angeles and Detroit

• Labor Unrest troubled country during war

The War in Europe

• North Africa was reclaimed from the Germans by General Patton in the North Africa Campaign, provided stepping stone to Europe

• El Alamein• Soviets turned tide of war

with victories at Stalingrad and Leningrad in 1943

• Germans were reeling from defeat to Russia

• On June 6,1944 Allies invaded Europe on Normandy Coast

• Dwight D. Eisenhower• Battle of the Bulge• By April 1945 Germany

had fallen

Berlin taken by Soviet Forces

Soviet troops raise flag over Reichstag in Berlin

The War in Asia

• Shortly after Pearl Harbor, U.S. stopped Japanese offensive at battle of Midway, changed tide of war in the Pacific

• U.S. began “Island Hopping” strategy and slowly pushed back Japanese

• Iwo Jima• Okinawa

• Truman decided to drop Atomic bomb on Japan instead of invasion

• August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima

• August 9, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki

• August 15, 1945: Japan surrenders

Mushroom Cloud

Pre Cold War/Rebuilding Europe

• Conferences at Yalta and Potsdam set course for what was to be the Cold War

• Yalta: Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt

• Potsdam: Churchill, Stalin, and Truman

• Nuremberg War Trials convict Nazi leaders for crimes against humanity

The “Big Three” at Yalta

Pre Cold War/Rebuilding Europe

• Other organizations established such as IMF and GATT to provide financial aid to the war torn world.

• Provided nearly $13 billion over three years (1948-1951)

• Europe was divided into east and west once war had ended

• “Iron Curtain”• U.S. and USSR sole

superpowers• Marshall Plan hoped to

rebuild Europe and lessen the appeal of Communism to Western Europe

Rebuilding Europe

• World divides into two major treaty organizations

• NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• Members included U.S., Great Britain, and France

• Warsaw Pact• Members included

U.S.S.R. and other Soviet Bloc countries

Early Cold War

• Europe divided distinctly into East and West after war

• West-U.S. East- U.S.S.R.• U.N. established in 1945

to prevent future wars• Mass Retaliation: If we

get hit with nuke, we hit you with more nukes.

• U.S. instated a policy of containment

• Sought to contain Communism within present boundaries and not to let it expand

• Truman Doctrine: Mass Retaliation and Containment

Early Cold War Ctd.

• USSR established satellite nations in Eastern Europe as a defense against the West

• Domino Theory guides policy in Asia once China becomes Communist in 1949

• Mao Zedong

Tensions Ignite in Berlin

• Berlin Crisis- Soviets blockaded western Berlin

• Berlin Blockade 1948-1949

• This led to the Berlin Airlift in which supplies and food were dropped by Berlin into blocked zone

At Home

• 1948 Election- Truman wins and obtains second term as president

• Proposes his “Fair Deal” • Sought to continue New

Deal policies

Economy at Home• Conversion from a war-

time to peace time economy struck fears of new depression

• Labor struck down by Taft-Hartley Act

• High inflation and labor conflicts emerged

Red Scare

• Mass Hysteria that spread throughout the U.S. in the 1950’s out of fear of communist infiltration

• McCarthyism• Sen. Joseph McCarthy

led the “witch hunt” of communists

• HUAC• Much of Hollywood

considered “communist”

• Rosenberg spy cases• Alger Hiss

Korean War

• N. Korea invaded S. Korea in 1950

• U.N. sent in troops comprised mainly of U.S. soldiers

• War gave Truman bad name and cost him 1952 Election

Postwar Prosperity

• The postwar economic boom led to the prosperity of the 1950’s

• Television and Radio became staples

• New appliances and housing were affordable for returning soldiers

• GI Bill• Baby Boom

Eisenhower/1950’s

• Elected President in 1952

• Split in Democratic Party over Civil Rights

• Southern Democrats were called “Dixiecrats”

• Presided over prosperous era

• Suburbs

• Interstate Highway Act• Federal Housing

Administration• National Defense

Education Act• Rock and Roll emerged

along with Youth Culture

• “Teenager”• Elvis Presley

Cold War ctd.

• CIA and covert action operations all over the world

• Nikita Khrushchev takes control of USSR

• U-2 incident• John Foster Dulles• Brinkmanship- Policy of

taking things to brink to get more afterwards, used along with nuclear weapons

• French withdrawal from Indochina

• Dien Bien Phu• Geneva Conference• Ho Chi Minh takes over

Communist gov’t. in N. Vitenam

• “Military Industrial complex”

J.F.K.

• New Frontier• Won Election of 1960

due to better presentation on TV over Richard Nixon

• New Liberalism• More Social Programs• Assassinated in 1963

Cold War Policies

• Cuban Missile Crisis• Standoff between U.S.

and USSR• Bay of Pigs Invasion– Botched CIA plan to take

down communist gov’t. in Cuba

Lyndon Baines Johnson

• Becomes President after assassination of Kennedy

• Great Society• Continues welfare

spending and social projects to eliminate poverty

• Vietnam war diverts funds from these projects

Clouds of Vietnam Begin to Form

• Threat of Communist expansion in Indochina

• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

• Viet Cong• LBJ takes us into war• My Lai• Tet Offensive

1.

• What was a major turning point in Europe in WWII– A.-Stalingrad– B.-Okinawa– C.-Tet Offensive– D.-Iwo Jima

2.

• Who’s policy at home was called the Great Society?– A.-Harry S. Truman– B.-Lyndon B. Johnson– C.-John F. Kennedy– D.-Dwight D. Eisenhower

3.

• Name the Cold War policy of keeping communism within its present boundaries– A.-Brinkmanship– B.-Domino Effect– C.-Containment– D.-Massive Retaliation

Answers

• 1.- A• 2.- B• 3.- C

Media

• Saving Private Ryan• Good Night and Good

Luck• The Hunt for Red

October• Band of Brothers• Red Dawn

Discussion Questions

• How did the Cold War Affect American Culture?

• Describe Truman’s policies of containment and massive retaliation

• What were some elements of the Red Scare in America?