Performance to boost your nuclear reactor

POWER

ARABELLE™ STEAM TURBINEFOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Today’s power markets have become highly competitive. It is of prime importance that your nuclearpower plant operates at maximum performance and availability: the whole power plant, not justnuclear steam supply system, but also the complex equipment that converts the steam into electricity.

Alstom can help you meet this challenge. Alstom designs, manufactures, installs and maintains all the critical power conversion equipment of a nuclear turbine island: steam turbine and turbogenerator,moisture separator-reheaters, condenser and pumps, low and high pressure feedwater heaters, and more.

Alstom’s nuclear power conversion solutions are based on its ARABELLE™ steam turbine technologyplatform, with its superior performance and exceptional reliability. ARABELLE™ steam turbines canaccommodate power outputs ranging from 900 MW to 1,800 MW – the largest turbines in operationworldwide for the past 10 years are ARABELLE™ steam turbines with a 1,550 MW power outputprovided with extremely high availability. And because Alstom has developed the other key equipmentof a nuclear power plant conversion system in co-ordination with the ARABELLE™ family, you, as plant owner, can benefit from an optimal power integrated conversion package.

Alstom has also made your decision-making easier. We can offer you products and systems integrated into operational packages that range from a turbine-generator package to a completeturbine island. As a result, our solutions cover the full power conversion process for any major nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) available on the market.

Alstom is the market leader for nuclear steamturbines and other key nuclear power conversionequipment . Of the 450 nuclear reactors inoperation or construction worldwide, three out of10 use Alstom steam turbines and four out of 10feature some Alstom equipment. For the past 30 years, Alstom has demonstrated its skills andleadership as a nuclear power plant equipmentmanufacturer and integrator through anuninterrupted set of projects, both for new andretrofitted nuclear plants.

Steam Turbines ARABELLE™

Packagesthat pack performance

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More MW: a compact, powerful, efficient and reliable turbine T 60% of the expansion through highly efficient single flowT A unique combined HP/IP moduleT Standard interface / footprint for 50 Hz & 60 HzT Based on mature 1,550 MW unit

Adapted to all reactor typesT Fully adaptable steam path T From 900 MW to 1,800 MW, 50 or 60 HzT For any backpressure and co-generation application

LP size optimised for any site conditions T Two last-stage blade sizes for each frequency (50 Hz and 60 Hz)T A blade design that has demonstrated its reliabilityT Two or three LP modules for optimum vacuum fit

Welded rotors for reliability and secure deliveryT High resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)T Excellent reliability, fewer inspections requiredT Smaller forgings more available

Designed for ease of maintenance T Easy access for maintenance T Easy adjustment of LPs with independent structure T Compact arrangement with fewer bladed rows

ARABELLE™ steam turbines: the benefits

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ARABELLE™ is not just a product. It is a family. Alstom’sintegration capabilities are built on the solid foundation of a fullin-house product range covering the key components of nuclearplant turbine islands. The focus is on the performanceimprovements that can be obtained from the ARABELLE™steam turbine through optimal compatibility with theturbogenerator, the moisture separation reheaters and thecondenser to get “more than just the sum of the keycomponents” and ultimately optimise the power conversion from the nuclear reactor’s steam.

ARABELLE™ turbine-generator package: get more than just the sum of the key components

Gigatop 4-pole turbogeneratorsWith over 30 years’ development and more than 1.5 millionhours of operation, Alstom has accumulated vast experiencewith very high rating 4-pole turbogenerators for nuclear powerplants. The Alstom Gigatop 4-pole turbogeneratorscomplement the ARABELLE™ steam turbines with productsranging from 900 to 1,800 MW, enabling high output withalmost 99% efficiency. Their design features have beenjudiciously combined to optimise reliability and facilitatemaintenance:

T A modular stator casing with a cylindrical mid-section –easy to transport and maintain

T Stator bars with stainless steel hollow cooling tubes andstainless steel water chambers separated from electricalconnections – corrosion resistant, highly reliableindependent of water chemistry

T A stator end-winding support structure with two solid glassfibre rings and a mechanical retightening system – minimalvibrations, short maintenance time

T A special compact rotating brushless exciter – reducedmaintenance effort (no brushes), short overall shaft line and corresponding turbine hall length

T Triple circuit seal oil system for high hydrogen pressure up to6 bar – optimised turbogenerator power density, extremelylow hydrogen consumption.

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Process equipment Alstom has extensive know-how in heatexchange across all types of powerplants, including nuclear applications.Alstom nuclear heat exchangers areadaptable to any reactor output level,delivering maximum performance andreliability and facilitating maintenance.

T 2-pass moisture separation reheaters (MSRs) for efficientmoisture separation at high reheattemperatures – increased plantperformance

T Complete, integrated condensingsystems – the condenser itself,necked low-pressure heaters anddesuperheating system, condensateextraction pumps, a vacuum systemand an optimised bundle arrangement

T Circulating water pumpsT HP & LP feed water heaters with the

smallest temperature differences –maximised performance

T Compact feed water tanks withintegrated deaerators.

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Plant Integrator™ – creating customer valuePlant Integrator™ is Alstom's solution methodologydesigned to create added value for customers. PlantIntegrator™’s starting point is the customers’ viewpoint. It then systematically analyses, measures and optimisesthe specific customer benefits desired, technically,economically and ecologically. As a result, PlantIntegrator™ matches customer needs and priorities withproducts and services, delivering a thoroughly tailoredsolution and maximising customer value. This then becomesthe benchmark for future fine-tuning and upgrades.

The unrivalled Plant Integrator™ offering from Alstomcovers the full palette, from single component packagesand control systems to turbine islands, operation andmaintenance services, as well as retrofit solutions.

Plant Integrator™ benefits to customers:T Improve cash flow – by achieving lowest costsT Generate more powerT Increase installation efficiencyT Burn less fuelT Improve operational flexibility.

An innovative architecturePrevious-generation nuclear turbines feature one double-flowhigh-pressure (HP) cylinder followed by four or six low-pressure(LP) flows (with two or three LPs, respectively) for finalexpansion to the condenser. The ARABELLE™ turbine offers anew architecture where the steam first expands in a single-flowHP path. After moisture separation and reheat, it then expandsin a single-flow intermediate-pressure (IP) section before goingthrough the four or six low-pressure (LP) flows.

What makes ARABELLE™ uniqueThis unique ARABELLE™ architecture makesmaintenance work much easier. 1. It needs only four steam readmission butterfly valve sets

instead of six. This facilitates maintenance. In addition, the butterfly valves are installed at the level of the HP/IPcylinder, accessible from a platform above the MSRs, insteadof hanging above the operating floor in front of each LPcylinder.

2. The LP steam admission pipes are entirely below the turbineoperating floor. This arrangement helps reduce maintenanceduration and cost, because maintenance of the LPs does notrequire disassembly of the inlet pipes. Large lay-down areasare available alongside the LP cylinders, further facilitatingmaintenance.

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MSR

HP IP LP 1 LP 2 LP 3

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Arabelle™Uniqueconfiguration

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LP-exhaust with independent structureIn previous-generation turbines, the LP inner casing is supportedby the LP outer casing, which in turn is supported by the turbinetable. Distortions of the outer casing or load variations on thetable induced by vacuum or condenser weight variations duringoperation will affect the relative centring of the rotating and fixedparts. This issue becomes more critical with the very largeexhaust structures that characterise modern nuclear plants. The ARABELLE™ LP cylinders are designed with independentstructures. The LP inner casing is connected at each end to an end-wall, which integrates the rotor bearing housings. The LP outer casing, which no longer acts as a support, simplybecomes an envelope rigidly welded to the condenser, which issupported on the basement floor.

This simple design improvement provides manyadvantages:1. The turbine load on the foundation is greatly reduced. 2. The load on the table is not affected by the vacuum variations

nor by the forces transmitted by the condenser (throughchanging water temperatures).

3. This independent structure also makes the relative centring of the moving and stationary parts easier, more precise andmore stable. Very reliable vibration behaviour is the result.

Welded rotor technologyWelded rotor technology is a key Alstom steam turbine and gasturbine innovation, which has been continuously improved overthe past 80 years to serve larger and larger units.

T Compared to a shrunk-on disk design, welded rotorsencounter reduced stresses and provide better resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC).

T Compared to monobloc rotors, welded rotors feature smallerforged cylinders (which are welded together), meaning thatsourcing and delivery are easier and more secure.

Controlling the automated rotor welding process

High-efficiency single-flow expansionThe most striking feature of the ARABELLE™ architecture is its single-flow steam expansion featuring blades with higheraspect ratio. This ensures higher efficiency due to the reductionof secondary losses at the root and the tip of the steam path.The result is greater turbine performance, with an overallefficiency gain of around 1%.

To reduce overall turbine length, the HP and IP expansionsections have been grouped into a combined HP/IP cylinder,similar to those used in fossil fired applications. The compactHP/IP module alone, with the same footprint for both 1,500and 1,800 rpm applications, can produce up to 1,000 MW.

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Blade Aspect Ratio1 2 3 4

Blade Aspect Ratio= Height/Width

High Tip Leakage lossesHigh Endwall losses

Low Tip Leakage lossesLow Endwall losses

Height

Width

Efficiency vs Blade Aspect Ratio

Maximising performance

T The LSB is optimised through detailed 3D modelling,validated in numerous laboratory tests and manufacturedthrough high-precision forgings. An integral streamlinedsnubber for blade interconnection and continuous lashinggreatly increases stage stability. It helps avoid vibrations,which such long blades with high-aspect ratios couldotherwise undergo in service. A curved-entry, fir-tree rootfastening provides for excellent transmission of effort to the disk, but also facilitates transportation and inspection.

Efficient, reliable bladingAlstom has leveraged over 35 years of experience in nuclear power plants, and more than 100 years in steam turbine technology, to develop – andcontinuously improve – its efficient and reliableturbine blade family.

All ARABELLE™ turbine blades feature three-dimensionalprofiles to optimise their aerodynamic performance.

T Stationary stages feature a welded platform design for highreliability, especially for the HP stages, but that also yieldsbetter aerodynamic optimisation of the end-wall conditions,reducing the secondary losses. This robust design is perfectlyadapted to the large volume flow found in today’s nuclearpower plants.

T All rotating blades, other than the Last Stage Blade (LSB),are designed with integral shrouds to minimise losses. They are manufactured as single pieces, i.e. no loose parts,and assembled through a forked and pinned root fasteningdesign: an extremely robust solution. The sealing ridges aremachined after assembly for optimum performance, and a360° banding ensures consistently good frequency controland reliability.

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Large steam turbines in action in nuclear power plantsAlstom supporting the China nuclear program for more than 20 yearsAlstom has been at the forefrontof designing and installingnuclear turbine islands for thepast 30 years, with all kinds ofnuclear reactors. Our long-standing expertise is unrivalled. The following projects are just afew examples of our impressivetrack record.

Daya Bay1,968 MW nuclear turbine island.Daya Bay was the first nuclear powerplant in China. It started commercialoperation in 1994. Alstom designed,delivered and supervised the erection of the complete integrated turbineisland, based on two 984 MW units.Alstom also delivered the emergencydiesel generators and the safety pumpsfor the nuclear island. The plant wasdesigned to serve both Hong Kong’s400 kV network and China’s new 500 kVsystem, opening up a new era for the Chinese power industry. In additionto being an excellent power generator, it soon demonstrated a solid financialreturn, fostered by the booming Chineseeconomy.

Ling Ao Phase I and II1,980 MW nuclear turbine island.Ling Ao was first commissioned in 2003 –several months ahead of schedule – withtwo 990 MW units. Alstom designed,delivered and supervised the erection ofthe complete integrated turbine island,including the circulating water pumps.Alstom also delivered the emergencydiesel generators and the safety pumpsfor the nuclear island.Ling Ao 3+4 Turbogenerators packagesfor 2160 MW turbine islands were alsoordered in 2005.Featuring ARABELLE™ technology, theunits will deliver starting in 2010 decisivelyhigher output than previous units,. For thisproject, a significant transfer of technologyand manufacturing sharing with our longterm partner DECL has been implemented. Leveraging on this solution, severalsimilar projects are under construction inChina, such as Hongyanhe, Ningde,Fangjiashan, etc.

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A strong footprint in France, the leading country in nuclearAlstom has provided turbine-generator sets to all 58 EDFFrench nuclear power plant.

Civaux3,100 MW nuclear turbine island.The Civaux nuclear power plant startedcommercial operation in 1998. Itincludes two 1,550 MW ARABELLE™steam turbines and their correspondingGigatop 4-pole turbogenerators. Today,this still represents a world outputrecord for an operating turboset. The reactors are of the Areva advanced“N4” type. Under a number of separatecomponent contracts, Alstom designed,delivered and erected the turbine-generators, and supplied the bulk of theturbine island mechanical and electricalauxiliaries, including condensers, mainfeedwater reheaters and pumps, andcondensate extraction and circulatingwater pumps.

Flamanville 32,700 MW nuclear turbine island. Flamanville started commercialoperation in 1985 with two 1,350 MWunits. The reactors are of the four-loopAreva “P4” type. Under a number ofseparate contracts, Alstom designed,delivered and erected the turbine-generators, plus the bulk of the turbineisland mechanical and electricalauxiliaries, including condensers,feedwater reheaters, and condensateextraction and circulating water pumps.A power plant extension is now underconstruction. It will include oneARABELLE™ steam turbine (Unit 3),delivering 1,750 MW from the new

EPR (Evolutionary Pressurized Reactor)from Areva. When commissioned in2012, this will be the highest output in the world from a single turbine-generator set. Alstom will design, deliverand erect the complete turbine island,including the condensate extractionpumps, circulating water pumps andemergency diesel generator sets.

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5-year period 2001-2005Alstom data derived from external EDF data (290 unit years)References for benchmark collected from NERC (508 unit years)

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ARABELLE

Nuclear steam turbines

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Chattanooga’s state-of-the-art manufacturingand engineering facilityAlstom will be shipping its high-technology components directly to itscustomers from Chattanooga andstepping-up its efforts on meeting thespecific requirements of the NorthAmerican power market. The site will serve both new and retrofitequipment markets in North Americaand will have the capacity tomanufacture capital-intensivecomponents with high-technologycontent for nuclear, coal and gas powerplants. The new site will manufacture, assembleand test all products using the most up-to-date high precision machine-tools andother equipment available today. In fact, with Chattanooga, Alstom willbe able to manufacture the largestturbines in the world and test them in

UniStarAlstom is to supply Baltimore-basedUniStar Nuclear Energy, a joint venturebetween Constellation Energy and EDF,with a minimum of four turbinegenerators for a planned fleet ofadvanced-design nuclear power plantsin the United States. The Chattanoogafacility will play a key role inmanufacturing, assembling, anddelivering key components of steamturbine, generator and heat exchangers.The target for completion of the first ofthese nuclear power plants is 2015.

its own rotor balancing facility – alsothe world’s largest. Chattanooga’s situation on the Tennesseeriver gives it great access to an excellentnetwork of road and rail links, and inparticular to the US inland and coastalwaterways system. This allows easier,more efficient shipping of large andheavy products. A special feature is ouron-site barge dock with a lifting capacityof up to 1,000 tons – particularly suitedto shipping large and heavy products.

Alstom gearing up for the nuclear renaissance in the USA

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Expert services to optimise your power plant

Alstom has a complete range of services, from traditional spare parts supply and field service specialists to fullmaintenance of steam turbines for nuclear power plants. As an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) of steamturbines for nuclear power plants, we are ideally placed toprovide continuous plant improvement packages. These wouldinclude: performance and reliability upgrades, lifetime extensionsand consultancy packages developed to meet the changingmarket requirements during a plant’s operational lifetime.Alstom Power’s 200 Local Service Centres, located in 70 countries,are there to provide local facilities and expertise directly to ourcustomers, helping them to optimise their asset.

Long-term service contractsAlstom’s long-term service contracts are flexible in scope ofservices and equipment covered as well as contract duration inorder to meet your unique business requirements. Their modularstructure allows tailor-made packages to be assembled based onthe level of risk mitigation and guarantees required. Our service contracts ensure key requirements (depending uponscope of supply) are met:

T Predictable operation and maintenance costsT Reliability and availabilityT Heat rate and power outputT Environmentally sound productsT 24-hour / 7-day plant supportT Broad OEM experience.

Outage optimisationOutage performance is paramount, since poor performancecan lead to delays and increases the chance of a forced outagein the future. Equally, high-quality outages reduce the risk ofbreakdowns and can bring the plant online earlier. By workingin advance of the outage season, we can plan your outageprogramme for optimal execution.

UpgradesIf the condition of a steam turbine requires majorrefurbishment, an upgrade offers a very economic opportunityto benefit from Alstom’s latest technology. Various upgradepackages have been developed to improve the performance of existing steam turbines manufactured by Alstom and other manufacturers. The upgrade project can be tailored tooptimally meet your requirements. Increase of power outputor thermal efficiency, or improvement of operational flexibilityor reliability are usually the major aims of an upgrade project.

Lifetime extensionAlstom has service packages that use modern techniques to establish the residual life of turbine components. This,coupled with newer design techniques and modern materials,enables Alstom to extend plant life whilst incorporatingperformance and reliability upgrades. This ensures the plantremains competitive over longer periods at optimised costs.

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We aim for the best utilisation of the customers’ investment,the earth’s materials and the fuel used, through efficiency,availability and cost reduction. The increased environmentalconcern applies to all types of power plants, new or existing. For fossil thermal plants, we develop cleaner combustionsystems coupled with more efficient turbines and flue gascleaning systems. CO2-free nuclear power plants also benefitfrom our clean power solutions with, for example, ourcondensers and pumps minimizing auxiliary power and waterconsumption.

Alstom’s engineering and R&D workforce totals 5,500 people, of which 4,000 are in engineering and 1,500 in R&D in 22 R&Dcentres. There are 13 laboratories with dedicated infrastructure,equipment and testing facilities.

Alstom Power R&D policy takes a global approach, which has several benefits. First, it puts the work where the expertiseis located. Second, it helps to nurture close contacts withuniversities and design institutes that can complement our in-house efforts. Third, it enables us to stay in touch with global customers' expectations, anticipate their needs and lead the technology trends.

Alstom Power R&DAlstom Power R&D is decidedly market and customer oriented and focuses on creatinginnovative technologies to be applied at all stages of the products’ life cycles.

Alstom Power works with more than 30 universities worldwide.We establish close, long-term links with institutions andprofessors who are experts in fields that are important tous, for example, with MIT and Stanford Research Institute on CO2, Grenoble and Lausanne universities on hydro turbinesand fluid dynamics, Cologne's DLR on combustion, and OxfordUniversity on heat transfer, as well as with engineering institutesin China, India and Russia.

In the field of international collaboration, Alstom Power hasplayed a leading role in establishing the European technologyplatform for zero emission fossil fuel power generation (ZEP).

or to produce clean electricity from the outset. For example, we deliver new coal-fired power plants with an advancedsupercritical design using proven clean combustion solutionsthat are integrated with state-of-the-art emission controls.Retrofitting plant components or upgrading the whole systemsimilarly improves the thermal and environmental efficiency of existing power plants.

Investing in the future of clean powerAlstom is uniquely placed as a plant integrator and full-service provider to design and manufacture all thecomponents of a clean power plant. Alstom also invests inthe research and development of new environmentallyfriendly power solutions. Together with partners, universitiesand customers, we are working on collaborative projects todevelop solutions for pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture and oxy-firing.Alstom also supports the next nuclear reactors generation (GEN 4) through a continuous improvement of its powerconversion systems.

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A world leader in clean power generation

A world leaderAlstom supplies major equipment for 25% of the world‘s installed base, making us:N°1 in installed turbines and generators

for nuclear power plantsN°1 in turnkey power plantsN°1 in air quality control systemsN°1 in hydro turbines and generatorsN°1 in the number of installed boilers

worldwideN°1 in steam turbine retrofit and integrated

retrofit projects

Alstom is a global leader in power generation and setsthe benchmark for innovative and environmentally friendlytechnologies.

The company designs, manufactures and delivers state-of-the-art products and systems to the power generation nuclear and industrial markets. As a CO2-free energy source, nuclearpower contributes to the clean power solution.Our portfolio covers all plants (both existing and new ones), all energy sources (from fossil fuels like gas and coal to hydro,wind and nuclear), and all emissions (NOx, SOx, Mercury,CO2 and particulate matter).

Our objective is to build the cleanest integrated powersolutions for our customers. Alstom provides the conventionalequipment for nuclear power plants that offers an attractiveCO2-free operation characteristic. For fossil-fueled thermalplants, we supply and integrate all components of a cleanpower system, from clean combustion boilers or gas turbinesto air quality control and energy recovery systems. Alstom notonly has extensive experience in retrofitting, upgrading andmodernising existing power plant equipment, also boastsunrivalled expertise in project management for all types andsizes of power generation systems, including turnkeysolutions.

Alstom’s unique offering brings real value to customers. Withour innovative plant integration concept, we help operators tomaximise their plant performance, while fully complying withenvironmental regulations and obligations.

Expertise in clean power solutionsPlant operators face multiple challenges in their efforts tomake their plants more competitive, while complying with thedifferent environmental regulations. Alstom is delivering cleanpower solutions now. As the uncontested leader in cleanpower generation technologies, we provide the cleanestintegrated power solutions on the market. Alstom offers the complete range of products designed to helppower plants to either reduce pollutant and CO2 emissions

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Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Brown-Boveri Strasse 7 CH-5401 Baden Switzerland Phone +41 56 205 70 58 Fax +41 56 205 28 88

www.alstom.com