Arabic Grammar Revision Booklet

www.arabicadventures.com

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Arabic Grammar Revision Booklet

http://www.arabicadventures.com/

Asalamualikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu. All praise is due to Allah who blessed me with the ability to publish this free resource. I send salutations on our beloved Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings on him. Welcome to the Arabic Grammar Revision Booklet designed to be used with the Al Barakah School Advanced Qur’anic Arabic curriculum. It is my hope that this revision booklet will also be useful to those teaching or learning Qur’anic Arabic. Jazakallah kheiran!

Hiba Mohamad




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Possessive Pronouns Detached Pronouns English

He هو +ـه

She هي +ـها

They هم + ـهم

You (m) ا ن ت +ـك

You (f) ا ن ت + ـك

You all ا ن تم +ـكم

I ا ن +ـي

نن +ـنا We

Definite Article الم التعريف English:

Indefinte nouns: “a” book

Definite nouns: “the” book/ Book

Arabic:

Indefinite nouns: carries

tanween e.g. كتاب

Definite Nouns: add ا ل to

the beginning of the

indefinite noun. E.g.

the الـ

the book الـكتاب

Golden rule! When “al” comes

the tanween goes.


3 questions to find the correct demonstrative to

use: 1. Is the noun masculine or feminine?

2. Is the noun plural or singular?

3. Is the noun near or far?

كتابالهذا

This book

كتاب هذا

This is a book

Rule: Possessive Pronouns are added to

the end of a noun.

(my house) بيت+ ي = بيتي


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Arabic Verb Roots All Arabic verbs are created from 3 base

roots. The basic pattern is:

ل ع ف Notes: - The basic pattern above can be replaced with 3

Arabic letters to create a root.

- The order of the letters will always remain the same.

- Each root sequence is connected to a meaning.

Example: Using the root sequence د ج س (to prostrate), we can make nouns such as:

(Mosque) مسجد (prostration) سجدة

Sound Plurals of nouns and Adjectives

There are 2 types of sound plurals: Masculine and

Feminine.

Masculine Sound Plurals: Add ون / ين to the end of a

singular noun. E.g.

مسلمين/مسلمون مسلم (muslim) + ون / ين =


من

from

ب

with

الى

to

معwith

في

In

فوقAbove

وراءBehind

تحتBelow

علىOn

Past Tense

For each subject pronoun we add specific letters to the end of verb roots

Verb Root =

He did

She did

They did

I did

We did

You all -

did

You (m)

did

You (f)

did

Prepositions


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Negating the Past tense

Past tense + ما One way to negate

the Past tense is:

Past tense verb + ما

Emphasis

Particles

noun/ verb + ل

قد لقد

Tamyeez

Emphasising a point by placing

verbs and nouns together in a

certain way.

“They love the dunya with an intense kind of love”

(Verb) (Noun)


For each subject pronoun we add specific letters to the

beginning and end of verb roots.

Verb Root =

He does/ He is

doing

She

does/

she is

doing

You (f)

do/ you

are

doing

I do/I am

doing

We

do/we

are doing

They

do/they

are

doing

You (m)

do/ you

are

doing

You all

do/ you

all are

doing

Note:

Arabic sentences begin with

verbs most of the times. When

a verb starts a sentence, it will

always be in the singular form.

If it comes after the subject,

it will be in plural form.

Present Tense


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Prepositions

The grammatical

case endings

(damma/ dammatain)

(fatha/fathatain) of

nouns and adjectives

change after

prepositional words

to (kasra/

kasratain).

The grammar rule for prepositions is:

Example:

Notice: after the prepositions: من and ب The noun carries kasra.


http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=2&verse=8#(2:8:1)

Example:

We have used because the sentence

begins with لهم which is not a verb.

What do we mean by

“non-verbal sentence”?

Simply, a sentence which

does not begin with a

verb.

ليس

To negate a non-

verbal sentence we

use:

Use the correct form of the unusual verb ليس depending on the subject pronoun:

(he/it is not) ليس (she/it is not) ليست (they are not) ليسوا

(you (m) are not) لست (you (f) are not) لست (you all are not) لستم (we are not) لسنا (I am not) لست

Negating non-verbal sentences using ليس


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What is a

superlative? It is a noun that refers

to the highest degree

of a quality

e.g. fastest, bravest.

What pattern does a

Superlative take?

أفعل

How do I turn the adjective كريم (noble) into a

superlative noun ( أفعل form)?

Using the root letters that was used to make

the adjective كريم (noble)

The root letters are: م ر ك

م ر ك in the أفعل form

=

أكرم

Superlatives


At this stage, you just need

to remember that when

,and its sister appear إن they:

a) emphasise a point

b) the case endings of

the subject of the

sentence change from

“dammatain/damma” to

“fathatain/fatha”

indeed إن

that أن

but لكن

because ألن

as if كأن

perhaps لعل

Uses of إن (inna):

1. Follows قال to mean "to say that"

Negation of Present Tense

and its sisters إن


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Present tense + لم Example:

Future Tense

Present tense + س-/سوف

Example:

Negation of Past tense


Conditional Sentences

The conditional particle you need to know for now!

IF = إذاThere are many conditional

particles in Arabic. If you place

them in front of a sentence, it

would put the sentence into a “If

this, then this” formula.

Verbs 101

The derived forms (forms that are created from the 3 root letters by adding

additional letters) are referred to by Arabists as Form 1/Form 2….

It is important to remember that although letters are added to the base 3 letters

to create new forms, the prefixes and endings which show the subject of the verb

remains the same.

One way to think about these derived forms is by considering them as different

phases of the moon. The 3 root letters are the moon itself and always appear in

that order, but that they (the moon) appear in different forms (phases).

Verb Forms –Phases of the moon

Arabic words are created using Verb forms. The 3 letters are the full moon.

As the moon changes you see different phases. It is the same with Arabic

verbs.

As letters are added to the 3 base letters, you see the same verbs in

different forms.


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Each form gives a different but related meaning.

At this stage, you need to know that there are 10 verb forms that are used regularly

– form 9 is used for very specific things.

Arabic words follow the patterns of one of these forms and so it is easy to predict

what nouns and adjectives will look like.


“The student wrote the lesson” (ACTIVE Voice)

“The lesson was written” (PASSIVE Voice)

فعل ف عل

الطالبالدر س الدر س ك ت ب كتب

Passive

The Imperative

is the command

form of the

verb.

To create “direct commands” (you) you

need to follow these 3 steps

Step 1: Conjugate the verb in its 2nd person present tense form.

ت فع ل ت فع لين

Step 2: Remove the ت from the beginning = لين فع ل فع

Imperative فعل األمر


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Step 2 (contd.): Add Hamzatul Wasl at the front. If the 2nd root

letter of the verb carries:

Fatha/kasra then the Hamza (ا) will carry a kasra

Damma then the Hamza (ا) will also carry a damma.

Step 3: Add a sukoon to the end. If the new word ends in ن

then it will be dropped for the imperative command.

End Result: افع ل افع لي

End result:

احلمد هلل الذى بنعمته تتم الصاحلات All praise and thanks are due to Allah alone, the One who,

by His blessing and favour, good works are accomplished.


Documents

Arabic Grammar Revision Booklet