Arabistan (ba`th propaganda publication)

8/21/2019 Arabistan (ba`th propaganda publication)

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Ministry of InformationPirectorate General of Information


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u cyMinistry of Information

Directorate General of Information

inSTORY OF ARABISTANAND THE STATUS QUO IN IRAN

Information Series13

Al-Hurriyah Printing HouseAl-Jamhurriya Press


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INHtODUClIONThese are varied chapters and different inves-

tigations, where the reader shall find, in the firstpart, a historical and geographical review on theEmirate of Arabistan located in the south-east ofIran. This part deals also with the political, socialand economic situations of the Arab populationin this Emirate; it deals with the fierce conflictwrich went off between the Government of Iranrepresented by Ridha Khan and Sheikh Khaz'alEl-Ka'bi El-A'miri the Emir and the Governor ofArabistan at that time, and the role of theBritish imperialistic policy in this conflict as wellas the serious consequences issued from it Itexposes the plan of the British policy to eliminatethe independence of the Arab Emirate and the


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detention of Sheikh Khaz'al thereafter then van-q3sS the nationalistic hopes which looked for-ward to maintain the independence of theSrate of Arabistan as it is the biggest ArabEm rate located on Shatt-al-Arab river and theSfan Gulf, besides, it is characterized, in themeantime by'its abundant wealth, its bi popula-tion and its wide area.

As regards the second part of these chaptersand investigations, it treats the status quo in IranIrom differlnt points and aspects some of whichDoint to the Zionist domination that is penetrat-fns in the economic and political services of Iran,while sor^e chapters deal with the Baha'ean Move-ment and review its life, its role m devastatingthe country, and its exposed association with tneWorld Imperialism, namely U.3 Imperiahsm, mparticular.

There is also in this part what explains thereal purposes standing behind the abolition, bythe Government of Iran, of the Frontier Treatysigned -between- Iraq and Iran in 1937 ; and theinert causes behind instigating the conflict m thisissue in such critical situations Iraq and the AraDNation are experiendng at the present

time.It is recently that I have had the opportunity

to publish most of these chapters and investiga-tions in the weekly newspaper (Al-Anba ) whenI found that the audience read these articles withzest and that I received repeated requests to pub-lish the more of them, so I have been emboldenedto compile those articles and compose this bookletwhich will provide those interested m these sub-jects with the opportunity to consider and utilizethem.

And for -the sake of this, I found myselfbound to revise these published ^hap^^^^ ,^^^res^rches to add to them some new informationI have found out lately, or that which shpped outof my mind when I wrote them; however thiswill not relieve them from many repetitions ofsome facts and afEairs because of the fact thatthSe Sides were published in different times;thSefore I found myself bound to emphasizethose facts and afEairs by refferrmg to themrepeatedly, as the nature of journalism imposes.But these subjects were submitted mainly asquick press articles, the first purpose of them isto project and expose the abhorent life and itsoppressive courses in Iran in general and m theEmirate of Araoistan in particular, It is a lite noless abhorent and dark than the life of the peopleof Palestine, if the cries of the Arab citizen mArabistan have found the attending ear and havereached the progressive world properly.

I have travelled to Iran many times, in eachtime I stayed for some months wandering m allthe country over and watching the various aspectsof life, while acquainted myself with the Arab,Persian, Kurdish and Turkoman classes of thepeople of Iran. These consecutive visits have pro-vided me with a sole opportunity and enabled meto investigate the facts and then consider theposture of affairs there practically and withoutimagination or assumption.

Most of the informtions written down in thisbook especially those referring to Arabistan inparticular are derived from their original sources.While the writer of this book has a relation withthe population of Arabistan, besides the consecu-tive visits he made to it about ten times he is on


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good terms with many Arab sects there, namelythe leaders of the National Movement and thechieftains of Arab tribes as well as other differentArab citizens. Yet the writer does not want toproclaim his name for the sake of the many tieswhich bind him with the citizens of Arabistanand Iran as well; and because of his fear of what-ever harm they may experience conducted tothem by the clients of the Shah and his treacherousofficials.

The heartrendering circumstances, the Arabpopulation in Arabistan and the oppressed classesof people in Iran are experiencing, have dictatedto me to write these investigations. The hope isgreat in the day of liberation when Arabistan andIran liberated together from the yoke of imperia-lism and the heads of treason and clients who areseizing the power of government there.

The hope is that the day of liberation is notyet so far.

Part OneTHE EMIRATE OF ARABISTAN

1. Geographical and Historical Review.2. Political, Social and Economic Situations.3. Arab Tribes in Arabistan.4. The Intrigue Which Eliminated The Indepen-dence of The Emirate of Arabistan.Location And Boundaries of The Emirate:

The Emirate of Arabistan is located* in thesouth-east boundaries of Iraq and in the south-west boundaries of Iran. It is separated from Iran

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by the lofty range of the Bukhtiearean Bashtiquomountains in the east, and Louristan mountainsin the north east. These mountains constitute aphysical and geographical traverse which sepa-rates Arabistan from Iran and divides them intotwo territories different in their geographical andtopographical features.The Emirate is bounded In the west by thetwo Iraqi Governorates of Basrah and Amarahand Kurdustan mountains, by Louristan moun-tains in the north, and by the Arabian Gulf inthe south.Area and Population:

As regards the area of the Emirate, it amountsto (160j000) square kilometers; its population ex-ceeds slightly (2,500,000) souls most of them areArabs, while there is a small colony of Pursian,Kurdish and Indian nationalities which formulatea number not exceeding (300,000) souls. Howeverthese nationalities, namely the Pursians. migra-ted to Ai'abistan of late when the Government ofIran promoted immigration to the cities of theEmirate and the Iranian Petroleum Companyinstigated the Iranian workers to work in theEmirate.

(*) Al-Anba' newspaper wrote the following intro-duction to the research when published:*'This newspaper has contaced one of her friends, awell-known writer, and requested him to write this report,as Al-Anba' entrusts him for his knowledge of Arabistanand his consecutive visits he made to it during which hewas in close contact with the population and investigatedthe political and social situations of the Province. Ourfriend has submitted to us the following report, whichinstigates every soul by the amazing and the bitter datainvolved in it about this Province which is distressed bythe puppet regime of Iran and its wily, imperialistic andracial-discriminatory policy.


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The Rivers:The Emirate of Arabistan is lamed tor its

wide rivers and abundant water, which have noStical in all Iran over. ^^^^ ^d^. T^.î^^tanthe abundant water made the land oi/^'âpistanone of the most fertile lands ot agriculture m theworld. It is a land most characterized ol agncul-Tme in the world. It is a land most characterizedbv its wealthy plantation and various plants aswell as the hiih quality of its wheat which trans-cends the most excellent kinds of the world swheat.

The most important rivers of Arabistan are:(1) Al-Karoun (2) M-Huwayzah (3) Al-

Jarrahi (4) Al-Karkha (5) Al-Hindejan (6) Al-Diz(7) Masbour (8) Qabban.

Besides there are also more than one hundredother rivers and tributaries flowing m theEmirate.Important Cities:

In Arabistan there are big cities and smalltowns, of which Al-Ahwaz city, the capital ofthe Emirate, stands first. There are also the citiesof:

Abadan Al-Muhammarah, Dasboul, Wetester(Shashter), Al-Faiahyah, Al-Huwayzah, Al^Qabban and Bandar-Shahbour.

As regards the .^mall towns, there are thetowns of: Al-Salhyah, Al^Hamedyah, Ramiz (Ram-Hurmiz), Bandar-Ma'shour, Shabour, Al-Khal-fyah (Khalaf Abad>, Lali. Bar'abah, Mulla-Bazyan, Beebi-Kakimah, Al-Manscurah. Al-Hm-dljan, Mousyan, Al-Khaz'alyah, Al-Gusstaah,Weiss, MuUa-Thani, Al-Khisrawaniyah, Karkar,Al-Fayliyah-Al-Kharaj and Al-Khaffajyah.

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There are also cities known as areas of pet-roleum wells; they were constructed in the lastfour decades, like the cities of Masked Sulayman,Agha Girri, Hifit-kil and others, because of theexistence of petroleum Establishments there, andthe residences of the workers and officials m theseareas.Why Khouzistan?

Before reviewing the historical epochs theEmirate of Arabistan developed through m orderto demonstrate the Arab character the Êmirateenjoys, we want to argue the exposed fallacy theregime of Iran persists to propagar:dize for, andsome writers and historians concede with an-awares or deliberately.

The policy of Iran has proceeded to disfigurethe character of this Emirate using all meansavailable in her hand. The first step in this coursewas supplanting the name of Arabistan by thename ''Khouzistan for obliterating the name ofthe Arab character, whereas Khouzistan^' con-stitutes a small part of the wide Arabistan whichembraces Khouzistan and other regions.

The ancient historians headed by Al-Maqrizicalled the name Khouzistan on the area locatedbeyond Al-Ahwaz, like Askar-Mukarram, Jin-daysabour, Al-Sous and the neighbouring lands,because they cited the existence of Al-Khouz inthis area. Al-Khouz is the name of an Areantribe several thousands years ago as the persiansand the Madians immigrated to Iran severalthousands years as the Pursians and theMadians immigrated to Iran too. Al-Khouzdied out immemorial time ago and fusedwith the Persians gradually until they have no


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existance at the present time while their certainorigin is not known yet; but the Arab atribute tothem some dispraised traits. There are severallegends, which have no room for mention here,about their life and their anthropological origin.

As for the term Arabistan it means thewhole area of Al-Ahwaz and the neighbouringArab areas which stretch from Al-HuwayzahMarsh in the west to Bashtiquo mountains m theeast and from Al-Lir mountains in the north tothe banks of Shatt-al-Arab Kiver in the southBut no historian cited that the people of Al-Khouz dwelled in Al-Ahwaz or Al-Muhammarahor Abadan or Al-Falahyah or Al-Huwayzah or many other Arab cities which this region or provinceembraces.And Why Khurumshahr and Shadkan?The regime of Iran has also supplanted the name

of ''Al-Muhammarah city by the name Khurum-shahr (The Populous City), whereas Al-Muham-marah was established by the Arab tribe Ka'ab'in the inception of the nineteenth century whenit was assumed a trade port vis-a-vis Basrah Port,and a haven for the Arab fleet of Ka'ab chiefiain-ship. Al-Muhammarah is located exactly at thejunction of Al-Karoun and Shatt-al-Arab rivers.Then from where has this Persian name beenattributed to it?

Iran has done likewise to Al-Falahyah city,so its name was supplanted by Shadkan whichmeans in Persian 'The two happinesses . Thiscity was first established as the residence of theMashyakhate of Ka'ab tribe before colonizingAl-Muhammarah. A tributary from MazbourRiver runs through it.The Persistence of the regime of Iran to sup-

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plant the name of Arabistan by Khouzistan andto obliterate the names of Arab cities and townsby supplanting them by Persian names; this actdraws the conspiratorial plan the policy of thesuccessive regimes of Iran persists to adopt namelythe regime of the present Shah and his fore-runner, this policy which is characterized by itsracial bigotry and Sha'ubite venom conducted notonly against Arab population, but also againstother nationalist groups like the Kurds and theTurks too.The Arab Character of The Emirate:

The Emirate of Arabistan formulates a con-stitutional part of the land of Iraq and is a phy-sical expansion of it. The traveller from Basrahto Al-Muhammarah shall not find any physicaltraverse on the way, or the traveller from thedirection of Al-Amarah to Al-Huwayzah and Al-Falahyah as well.

The American Historian Dr. Donald Wilbrarycited that the lands of Arabistan are a physicalexpansion to the low plain in Iraq, Al-HuwayzahMarsh is divided between the land of Al-Amarahin Iraq and the land of Al-Huwayzah in Arabistan.The Emirate of Arabistan was, for immemo-rial time, tributary to Iraq, administrativelyjsocially and economically, especially during theAbbaside Era when the whole areas of Al-Ahwazand Iraq formulated one tribute region.

Moreover, Al-Ahwaz was considered, throughall the ancient Islamic Eras, a physical expansionto Al-Sawad lands (=Iraq); therefore and even-tually it is a part of Al-Basrah areaas Al-AsmaT'cited. And Al-Astakhri describes Al-Ahwaz as if itwere the land of Iraq, moreover a complementarypart to the plains of Tigris and Euphrates on the

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, v,^ delta ol Arabistan was

S Tigris xwers dog^;t^^^-S or Middle-bouring area ol Ai tidEuphrate area too.ABABAN, The 'raai (^^r- jeoaiapha

TV,e great Moslem M^Sfof Ms Se'in'the

^'e'SelUugs oJAâd and T- anj^ ^^^ ^^^^^

all the tribes o^ ^^^^tIv'% Iraq (= The Bedia ) ^ ^^^^^^^Then, in the ^^^'^^^.f *fter Nassar Khas-the Persian Migratory and wr^^^^, .^^buterou, visited Abadan and he fojnd ^^^^ ^j Basrah,levied had been sen to the J^^ ^^^ ^^^^,,besides Nassar Khasrou ae^ g r^tiiSe-rî^y ^for the trade oi J^f'Xn Abadan was con- |before a long tirne wf :''f Iraq for it bearssidered the farthest ^^11/6^.^^;^?. populationnot so much importance, but aL n^ citv severalwere Arab, while ^^f^^ fêSt^ct Monarchyears after the ônstitu on of t^^^ ^^^ ^y RidhaLgime in Iraq, ^f^^l 'l^^^'^^^^^^^ SheikhKhan Pahlavi in 19^^ atter ^ ^ . ^ ^ê lastKhazâl This year marked the ci^ê upifbelon^^^ ''

' '^

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Abadan, when the government of Iran swallowedthis area thoroughly.Iraq and Iran In The Abbaside Era

Iraq and Iran were, during the AbbasideCaliphate Hule, two regions, each region main-tains its own constitutions and conventions as wellas its own physical boundaries, but Arabistanwas; therefore, integrated with the region ofIraq.Although the Abbasides were bounteous inassigning the eastern and northern boundaries ofIran, they deemed that some of its populationwere constituted from Turkish-speaking tribes,who dwelled beyond Jayhoun. In this opinion ofthem they were following the predominant viewwhich was defined by the scholar, Abu Al-HassanAl-Mawardi, who lived in the eleventh centuryin his volume (The Sultanite Rules), this viewwhich said that the relation between the Arabswas constituted on blood ties, while the relationbetween the non-Arabs was constituted on therelationship by the nation and nationality inte-rest; therefore the eastern boundaries of Iraqremained asigned by the decisive and differen-tiation physical zone of the ranges of Zaghrousmountains which is a decisive point between thehigh Mount of Iran and the low plains of Iraq.In The Ottoman Era:

After occupying Iraq by Sulayman Al-Kanouniin 1534 and annexing it to the Ottoman domina-tion under the name of Baghdad State, this stateinvolved all the physical areas of Iraq where allthe lands of Al-Sawad (= Iraq), the Peninsulathe Desert and the Mountains were under its po-wer. While, the Emirates of Ardalan, Minor Al-Lir(Bashtiquo), Al-Huwayzah and the territories of

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Al-Katif, Al-Ahsa^ Al-Bahrain, Kuwait and Najd,proclaimed their patronage to it.Although the Turks formulated local govern-ments in these areas, these governments had notthe sufficient power to dominate the general sit-uations entirely, so Arabistan was the prey of aconflict between the Safawide and the Attomaninfluences.The Kajarian State in Iran was succeeded bythe former Safawide State, while the conflict wasstill standing between the Iranian and the Turkishinfluence not only in Arabistan, but also in Iraq,namely in the south part of Iraq, until an agree-ment was settled between the two parties andArdharoom Convention was signed in 31 March1847 by which the domination was partitioned bet-ween the two states: the area of Kurdustan wasannexed to the Ottoman domination whereasArabistan was annexed to the Kajarian dominationexactly at the time when the Arab Emirate wasstill in power in Arabistan; therefore this Emiratedid not approve or recognize the convention signedbetween these two states.The Emirates in Arabistan:

The Emirate of Arabistan was, for a long timebefore and after concluding this convention, en-joying more than the neighbouring areas self-independence, while no neighbouring power-ful state seized any domination on it. The govern-ment of the Emirate was entrusted to the chief-tains of the big Arab tribes headed by Al-Nassarand Al-Muheisin both of which descending fromKa'ab tribe. Then the common leadership even-tually went to the family of Mardau from whomHaj abir and his two sons Miz'el and Khaz'al des-cended. Miz'el was murdered in 1897 when his

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brother, Sheikh Khaz'al was entrusted the Emi-rate whose independence was settled by him.And in the days of Sheikh Sulayman IbnNassar Al-Ka'bi, 1747, the Arab masses under hiscommand marched to Al-Dawraq. which wasunder the occupation of the Zindian Iraniangovernment, and drove out Al-Afsbar groups, thesoldiers of Nadir-Shah. The Emirate of SheikhSulayman developed in power and he establi-shed such a warlike and commercial fleet sailingin Shatt-al-Arab river and the shores of the Gulfthat foreign fleets exercising activity in this terri-tory, stood in awe of it. This Sheikh was not pay-ing any taxes to the two powerful States at thattime, the Ottoman and the Zindian.There was also Al-Mathkur family who werefrom the chieftains of Beni Tamim tribes dwel-ling in the neighbouring area of the gulf shores. Itstretches from Bu-Shahr in Arabistan land to Al-Bahrain Island. All this area constituted an in-dependent Emirate in the eighteenth century; theEnglish government concluded with one of itsEmirs, Sa'adoun Ibn Nassar Al-Mathkur, a poli-tical convention in the second half of the eight-eenth century.The Musha'shi'eans and The Foreigrn Influence:While the vanguards of Portuguese imperial-ism proceeded, ,in the inception of the Renaissance,to storm the shores of the Arabian Gulf, the Por-tuguese Migratory, Biedrue Taskaira visited Shatt-al-Arab territory as the opening of the seventeenthcentury (1604) and described the area located eastof Shatt al-Arab; he- cited that this area was con-stituting an Arab Emirate independent from theTurks and the Persians and ruled by a man calledMubarak Ibn Abdul Muttalib, one of theMusha'shi*ean Sayuds. Then negotiations wereheld between this Musha'shi'ean Emir and the Por-

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tugues State and ended in concluding a militaryally between the two parties. ^ 1 001When the Frontier Treaty was signed m 18^1between the Persians and the Turks, the two part-ies recognized Arab sovereignty on Shatt al-Arab,and Shatt al-Arab territory was left entirely tothe Arab Iraq.

As regards the Italian Migratory, BiatroadYalafaly Faila, he visited Al-Karoun delta in 1625and he pointed to the existence of an Arab Emirateled by Mansour Ibn Muttalib who was a partisanMusha'sha'i and he held an entire domination onAl-Karoun delta till its fall in Shatt al-Arab; heproclaimed himself king of these plains resistingby this way the power of the Safawide Shah Ab-bass The First, who was attempting to expand hisinflunece to that point; likewise was the FrenchMigratory, Tafrenieit who visited Arabistan in1620, i.e. in the same period his Italian friend madehis visit. This Migratory verified that all the citiesof Al-Huwayzah, Al-Dawraq, Shashter, Dasboul,Al-Khalfyah and Ramiz were districts of Basrah.While citing the Musha'shi'eans, we want topoint to their Emirate being established in Arab-istan several hundred years ago, when they wereon a continuous conflict with the Persian Safawidswides and Kajarians, and the Turk Ottomans; theyresisted the attempts of these who aimed at do-minating the Arab Emirate in Arabistan, so theyencountered a fierce resistance.The Emirate of The Musha'shi'eans:

The Emirate of the Musha'shi'eans was estab-lished in the fifteenth century while the TaymourMongol Age was declining. This Emirate assumedAl-Huwayzah city the base of its rule. Few yearsafter its establishment it laid domination on the

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whole territory involving Arabistan and Leristanprovinces, annexed to them Basrah city and itsdistricts, moreover its influence expanded fartheruntil some of this Emirate governors accomplishedthe conquest of the south cities of Iraq and arrivedat the walls of Baghdad. The money was coinedby their name several times and in many places.Right after the emergence of the SafawideState in Iran and the developing power it had, itdisputed the Musha'shi'eans on Arabistan, and thefight was fierce between the two states, but theSafawide Shahs failed every time to put theMusha'shi'eans under their thorough dominationor to conquer their homeland. But the Emirate ofthe Musha'shi'eans deteriorated and surrenderredpolitically to the Safawides and they paid taxesto them.

The Musha'shi'eans had the same experiencewith the Kajarian State whose rule was establishedin Iran on the debris of the Safawide State. ThisKajarian State failed to have any domination onthe Musha'ishite Emirate, except nominally.

Thus, these Arab Emirates survived in Arab-istan throughout five centuries until they deter-iorated in the close of the nineteenth century whenthey were vanquished by Al-Kasib Emirate fromKa'ab, this Emirate which disputed the minorMashyakhates {= tribes) extant in Arabistan,mainly the Ka'ab Emirate of Al-Nassar which sur-vived more than two centuries when it was thepolestar of those dwellings.Then the rule of Arabistan ended entirely inthe hands of the Ka'ab Emirate of Al-Kasib headedby Sheikh Khaz'aLIn The Sixteenth Century:

The American writer, Lunkriek, who wrote17


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the history of the last four centuries of the Age ofModern Iraq, says:Arab Tribes, from rice planters and buffaloherders in ArabistaHj imposed taxes on river com-munications in the inception of the sixteenth cen-tury and pastured their herds along tht boundarieswithout facing any diapprobation until they even-tually provoked the great powers in the world. Thegovernor of these people was Al-Huwayzah rulerwhose power expanded to Kourna and Shatt al-Arab in the west; his poyer developed graduallybecause of his tactful oscillation between the Por-tuguese, the Persians and the Arabs of Basrah,while he maintained his power by the roughnessand poverty of his country .Between Afrasyab and Al-Huwayzah Governor:

In the first half of the seventeenth century,Afrasyab, the governor of Basrah, was able to es-tablish the foundations of his regime in Basrahand its districts, until it involved Al-Qabban andAl-Dawraq areas and some locations in Shatt al-Arab and its islands. The collaboration then ex-panded between Afrasyab and Al-Huwayzah go-vernor for the emancipation from the Persiandomination exercised by the Shah of Iran in Al-Huwayzah.The Emirate's Independence in Sheikh Khaz'aFsBute:

It is recently when Arabistan was, in SheikhKhaz'al's rule, such an independent Emirate thatRidha Khan Pahlavi recognized in his memoir (p.38) that Sheikh Khaz'al was not paying any tax tothe central government in Tehran, that he was liv-ing as an independent Emir within his boundaries,and that Tehran government did not maintain anydomination on him, yet he was sending some per-

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sonal presents to the Shah.The Ties between Iraq's and Arabistan s Popula-

'**'' Thus we have seen, geographically and histor-ically that the originality of the Arab character ofSfetan is an indulitable question which cannotbe reSate^^ for the historical and the geogra-^SduS a^^^ very clear and manifest as we haveseen formerly and there is no room for delusion,for equivocation and for falsification.

The adherence of the government of Iran tothis province is but a type of tyramcal imperialismanlabhored exploitation the --f^^-^^l'^^^^^client governments in Iran proceeded

to adopt,fhese governments which disapprove the freedomof the peoples and do not recognize self-determma-tion.

There are great numbers of Arabistans popu-lation who swarm Basrah and its orchards to workas date collectors or operating m date _ pressesn Snrest season and return later to their dwel-ings. Besides, there are great numbers of Basrahpopulation who travel to Karoun and Shatt al-Arabeast bank where they cultivate wheat and barley0? they operate in treadling and loadmg, and re-turn afterwards to their homes.

These social and economic ties developed with-out restrictions; without control and without hind-rence. , . j

It is true that Arabistan was a self-indepen-dent Emirate, yet it was, at the meantime integ-rated economically, socially and spntually withthe state of Basrah and the Emirates SheikhKhaz'al had an estate and some orchards m Bas-rah; his properties exceeded one quarter of theorchards of Basrah.

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Mr. Talib Muhammed Al-Kubaisi, a citizenfrom Basrah wrote once:''Our citizens who visit Arabistan will not find anydifference Between Basrah and Arabistan, be-sides they find more pure Arab character and athorough consohdation. Although the Englishhanded the Arab Emirate and its Emir to Iran andthe boundaries were assigned and movement wasrestricted, these ties did not extinguish and the sit-uation in this Emirate did not change, except os-tensibly .

Mr. Al-Kubasi said also:Anyone who travels to Arabistan shall find

the same customs and feelings which he finds inSouth Iraq. He will notice the resemblance betweenthe planters on the banks of Al-Karoun river andthose on the banks of Iraq's rivers. You will nothear but Arabian talks, and.you will not drmk butArabian coffee in the diwans and hair-made tentsspreading there . The writer concluded:

'The historical, economic and spiritual rela-tions which tie the population of Basrah to Al-Ahwaz population resemble so far the relationsbetween the population of Al-Zubair town and thepopulation of the Emirate of Kuwait, or the rela-tions between the population of Rawa and A'na,the two Iraqi cities, and the population of the Syr-ian city, Dair Al-Zour.

This manifests that the relation between theArabs of Basrah and their brothern, the popula-tion of Arabistan, is a pure nationalist relationfounded mainly on uterine, economic relations aswell as the joint fate that ties them together. Theserelations are not confined to Arabistan but they in-volve all the Emirates of the Arabian Gulf.

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Political, Social and Economic SituationsIn Arabistan

X Terrifying and Amazing Data About The Ge-neral Situation in ArabistanX Arab Population Experience The Ugliest Op-pression And IntimidationX Arab Struggle And The Revolts of Tribes mThe Face of Pahlavi RegimeX Cylinders Built on Arab Revolutionists whileAlive ^ . , . ,X Why Agriculture Not Flourish In ArabistanIn the agony of the bloody circumstanceswhich have swept Iran recently and the suppressed

revolt burning within the hearts of different na-tionalities and peoples dwelling in this monarchywe in Iraq, should remember that we have Iraqi-Arab brethern living in Arabistan province, southIran, that these Arab citizens are exposed to theworst types of agression, deprivation and all kindsof terrorism, torture and extortion waged to themby the puppets of the treacherous Shah and theclients of Iran.

The situation of Arab people in this provinceis very tragic and heartrendering. If you happenedto review the condition of toiling masses there,and all the Arabs are toilers there, you would besmitten by their exposition to starvation, miseryand affliction. But, let us tell you the story of thistragedy:Thei Collaboration of Ridha Khan With The Bri-tish:

The Imperialistic interest wanted the Britishimperialism to collaborate with Ridha Khan in thedechne of the decayed Kaqarian rule, and align

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themselves against Sheikh Khaz'al. So Ridha Khancame to Arabistan and led Sheikh Khaz'al detainedto Tehran by intrigue, after he failed militarity todominate Arabistan, because he was opposed bythe Arab army there who was enjoying high forceand abundant weapon and ammunition.

Then the Arab Emirate in this province col-lapsed in 1925, when the clients of Ridha Khan andliis Fifth Column stationing in this province pro-ceeded to arrange for the Persian rule for a longtime. The central government of Iran in Tehranproceeded to stabilize its influence in Arabistanafter ensuring the British imperialistic interest andthe conclusion of the petroleum convention bywhich the British possessed the petroleum wells inArabistan.

Thus Ridha Khan was, by collaborating withthe British, able to eliminate Sheikh Khaz'al andto obliterate, eventually, The Arab Emirate inArabistan and every Arab trait characterizing thepopulation of this province.The Arabs Formulate The Preponderance of Po-pulation:

It is well known that the Arab population inthis province formulated in the past up to the ruleof Sheikh Khaz'al about 99% of the popiilation. Butthe Arabs formulate at the present time 90% of thepopulation. As regards the 10% most of them area Persian colony^ because Ridha Khan infused theimmigration to this region continuously, and theBritish Petroleum Company favoured the Iranianworkers, besides, the Arabs abstained from operat-ing in the company because of their adherence tothe lands they cultivate and to the trible they ren-der their respect to and they rejected to quit it.

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Disarming The Arabs:Ridha Khan proceeded to disarm the Arabsfrom their weapons gradually by imposing fines on

the tribles by receiving great supplies of arms andammunition. . , ^i n xi_Ten years after the rule of the Shah, the regionand the Arab tribes dewelling in it, were clearedup of any type of arms.Beni Taraf's Revolt:When the tribes of Beni Taraf rose, in revolt,against the regime of the Shah in 1936 ( Hidha Khanseized this opportunity to liquidate the Arab spintutterly and directed a big army to the revoltmgregion in Al-Khafajyah city and the neighbouringareas.Cylinders Built on Arabs while Alive:

Several months of wild fighting passed beforeHidha Khan was able to eliminate this revolt byhis notorious client Zahidi who was at that timethe governor of Arabistan province, and who ledthe coup d'etat movement against Dr. Mussaddaq'snational government.

This Zahidi was a homicidal man, and he waswell branded among the Arabs of his e^^tremecruelty and his barbarian acts. He resorted to mur-der and hanging for any token of objection hefoimd.After Zahidi obliterated Beni Taraf's revolt,he detained sixteen chieftains of these tribes, andhe built on everyone while alive, a cylinder, toassume them an example and a lesson to thepeople,Arab Costumes Are Prohibited By Terrorism:

Then, the oppressive Shah of Iran imposed onthe Arab population in this doomed province that

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they should abandon their Arab costume and rep-lace it by European costume. For applying this, heresorted to all means of intimidation, terrorism andoppression. So members of the Iranian police, so-called by the Arabs there ''Imnayeh , raided Arabvillages every day and raped everything they hap-pened to find, like catties and household imple-ments in addition to the whips which they burnedthe Arabs' backs with for any slight token of pro-test and often without any reason. It is but an actinfussed by venom and tryany which instigatedthe police and degnerated them to adopt theseatrocities.Arbitrary Measures:

As regards arbitrary measures, they transcen-ded any reasonable limitation; every member ofthe police or the army was allowed to murder anyArab individual, or to keep him under detentionfor long months, while no one asked about him andno official attended to his complaint,A Sad Story:

I cite the following story which is one of thenumberless examples of terrorism every day andevery hour:

A man, named (Ali Al-Badr), belonging tothe Arabs of Rashid of Al-Bawayah tribe. He wasvery old and died few years ago at the age ;ofninety. This old man was dwelling in Arab Rashidvillage located in the junction of Al-Ahwaz Ramiz or Al-Khalfyah road. The village had a po-lice post whose members received the patronageand the hospitality of this man. While a policemanfrom this post was playing with his cane beforethis man's diwan, he found an empty cartridge clipeaten by rust, but the Iranian policeman found ofit a means for blackmail and corrupt.

24

But the man assured that the cartridge hadbeen buried in the earth since Sheikh Khaz'aVsrule before twenty years and that he had not car-ried arms since the government of Iran prohibitedcarrying arms; therefore he rejected paying thebribe, but he was led to the post then he was de-tained in the police prisons in Al-Ahwaz and allhis protests went with the wind. This man spentnearly eight months in such state while no officialattended to his supplications or protests until hewas released in a miracle like way.This Story Has Parallels:

This story has too many parallels you heareverywhere in Arabistan. If we happened to recordsome of them we would write great volumes whichare but a brand marking the venmous Sha'ubitismadopted by all successive governments of Iran,namely the big Shah, Ridha Khan, and his suc-cessor the small Shah, Muhammad Ridha whomthe British promoted to the throne after the banish-ment of his father during the Second War. Thelatter was, more than the former, adhering to worldimperialism and executing the devices and plansof the imperialistic policy by opposing liberationmovements and oppressing the Persian, Kurdish,.and Arab peoples of Iran.Arabs Struggle And The Armed Revolts;

The Arabs in Arabistan have not stopped thestruggle for the sake of their dignity and for re-gaining their freedom. Because of the awkwardpolicy which was characterized by severity, ens-lavement and racial-discrimination emerging froma venomous sh'ubite spirit, the inert volcanos shall,certainly, go off one day; they really went off inthe form of armed revolts, first of which was ThePages Revolt , several months after the detention

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of Sheikh Khaz'al, Al-Huwayzah Revolt m 1928,The Tribe of Ka'ab^s Revolts in 1940, 1943, 1944,and evetnually The Sweeping which broke out atthe end of the Second World War, namely in 1945,then its sparks spread to the Arab tribes dwellingin Al-Khafajyah and Al-Huwayzah regions, es-pecially the tribes of, Beni Taraf , Beni Saleh, BernLam, Al-Sharfah, Al-Muheisin.

These revolting tribes occupied all villages,posts and cities spreading in these areas and therevolt lasted several months, so the regime of Iranconducted to them a big army mobilised from manymihtary brigades spread in the provinces of Iran.The Iranian army faced great difficulties totrespass the revolting area, because of the revolts*fortifications and the nature of the land whichswarms with rivers, marshes and date-palm or-chards where military machines were paralyzed.But the regime sent, at the meantime, its fighterplanes to bombard the revolting villages and thegathering tribes, and burn houses and obliterateplantation, until it was a terrifying massacre,thousands of innocent children and women and oldmen were its victim, in addition to a great numberof fighters. There was, indeed, no equality betweenthe two parties, which enabled the Iranian Armyto cause great losses in the souls of Arab revolu-tionists and their properties.Malignity Conducted Against The Captives:

After this Arab armbd revolt had been elimin-ated, the Iranian army arrested (600) persons,from revolutionist leaders, with their families andchildren, and drove them, in front, marching toTehran, the capital; driving them through rangesof lofty and rough mountains as well as deep val-leys and rivers. Anyone who was exhausted by this

26

toiling march would be run over by armoured ve-hicles, or be left a prey to wild animals or dieof thrist and starvation.

After the arrival of this distressed caravan toTehran, (eighty) persons survived only from thecaravan whose members had exceeded (3500) per-sons. These eighty persons were lodged in a villagejiear Tehran.

I happened to meet some of these Arab revolu-tionists in Tehran in 1951; they were old men ex-hausted by disasters and stifferings. They describedto me what sufferings they underwent and whattheye were undergoing, that it is difficult to put itin words.The Economic Situation:

As regards the economic situation in Arabistanit is not less worse than the political and social sit-uations, but it is more severe and depressing andthe Arabs there are experiencing the worst degreeof poverty and starvation, while few of them, andscarcely, work in trade, because trade was mono-polized by the Iranians, and the regime does notfoster Arabs work in trade.

Although there are among Arabs from city^dwellers some Arabs pursuing the regime of Iran,and serving its interest in the best way, these actsare not deemed by the regime a justifiable reasonto promote these Arabs or to provide them witha scope to work in trade and markets.Wliy Agrriculture Not Flourish;

If we review agriculture, being the basis ofthe economic life of the Arabs in Arabistan, weshall find it still confined in its primitive strangemethods. Arab peasants cultivate grains by rainfall, despite the fact that they dweU on the banks

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of wide rivers, we have reviewed in a previouschapter, because the regime of Iran decreed tyran-nical laws and imposed heavy taxes on installingagricultural water-pumping machines to suppress,by this way, the prosperity of the economic situa-tion there, and suppress, eventually, the prosperityof the Arab people. It is in the view of the de^spoticsway of Iran that having this people undergo star-vation and poverty will make them more obedientand humiliated.

The regime of Iran imposes on whoever installsa waterpumping machine on Arabistan's rivers topay, beforehand and one time in each four years,financial taxes for the land watered by the ma-

[\ \ chine.I This heavy tax therefore stood in the way of

installing machines and the progress of agricul-1 ture. Thus, agriculture was confined to middle ages

[ji methods. ii| When, the regime of Iran planned irrigation

projects in Arabistan, they aimed taut to opposeArab peasants, and obliterate plantation of theirlands. One example of these projects is the damconstructed on Al-Karkha river so-called DizPahlavi'* dam. This dam brought forth the sub-merging of most Arab lands located in Al-Dawraqand Al-Falahyah where cultivating the lands theredepend on Al-Karkha water, so most of Arab po-pulation quitted this area.

The Zionist agricultural experts, fetched bythe regime of Iran, submitted a strange report inwhich they said that the lands there were not be-fitting for agriculture in general This report stoodin the way of any agricultural progress, while itis conceded unanimously, and because of the highoutput of different types of grains and farm plan-

28

tation given by this blessed land, that the land ofArabistan is one of the most excellent lands mthe world proper for agriculture... Then you canconsider this contradiction and don't wonder, be-cause the regime of Iran does not seek the prosper-ity of Arab country people in this province, be-sides, it strives to impede any development andprogress.Sha'ubitism And Racial Discrimination:

The regime of Iran, since its occupation toArabistan province in 1925, has persisted in assum-ing a tyrannical and terrorizing policy wagedagainst Arab population, and proclaimed racial-discrimination boisterously and disrespectfully.Besides, it went farther and enlivened racial bigot-ries, further it infused villians, clients and ignor-ants from among Iranians to pursue this exposedcourse, thus the Arab individual underwent bit-terly this maltreatment he faced in offices, mark-ets, streets and elsewhere.

I have made some careful investigations in allthe province areas during my continuous visits toArabistan from 1949 to 1957, and it was manifestto me that the total number of Arabs, filling postsin state, does not exceed few individuals, of whomis a clerk in the Personal Status Office in Al-Muhammarah, because he knows Persian morethan any other Persian. I know also some Arabindividuals who were enrolled in the police service,but the regime employed them in the interior postsand made of them interpreters between the go-vrnment and the Arab population.Anti-Arabic Campaign:

' The regime of Iran prevented Arab populationfrom learning their mother language. It wagescampaigns against this language using all means29


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available in its hand, further, all country and desertArab population and most of city Arab population,do not learn reading and writing. Those whalearned writing in Arabic, they learned it through,and by Al-Mallali (= religions teachers), wheresome chieftains were interested in having theirsons taught reading and writing by religious tutors-and religious men who visited them.

The percentage of illiteracy among Arab po-pulation there is about 97%. This percentage maywell be the highest percentage known in the world-Arab Schools in Arabistan:

Although the Government of Iraq has estab-lished three elementary schools in Al-Ahwaz, Aba-dan and Al-Muhammarah, and an intermediateschool in Al-Muhammarah also, this school ex-panded and was promoted to a secondary school,these schools, however, do not cover, at length, thezeal of the big Arab masses to study Arab cultureand science.

But these Iraqi schools and their staffs andpupils have undergone and suffered much of therestrictions of the regime and clients of Iran. I-remember, in this connection, how the yellowjournalism of Iran received opening the intermed-iate school in Al-Muhammarah in 1954, when itwrote, warning of the Arab conquest ( ) to this-region; it also warned of the serious consequenceswhich lie waiting Iran because of the spread ofArab culture. ''Khwandniha newspaper demanded,at that time, closing the intermediate school, whileother newspapers, headed by Ittila'at Haftikithe well-known newspaper, demanded the dismis-sal of Iraqi teachers who were struggling for thespread of education among Arabs there. The regime-of Iran went on practising exposed pressure on this.

30

intermediate school, so it did not consent the pro-motion of the school into a secondary school, untilten years passed after its opening.

Then Has not the time come for the darknessof misery to clear up? Has not the time come forthe brilliant dawn of happiness to rise, when Arabstandards shall flaunt on the province of Arabistanwhere Arabs shall regain their raped freedom andtheir usurped will, so that Arabistan will return,as it was, part from Arab Iraq?...

Arab Tribes In ArabistanX Geographical Distribution of Arab TribesDwellings.X Tribes Undergo Poverty and Bitter Depriva-

tion.X Arabs Dwell Near The Rivers and CultivateTheir Lands By Rain-FalLX Non-existence of Health and Cultural Estab-lishments in Tribal Areas.X When Shall The Land Of Arabistan Be Liber-

ated From The Iranian Extortionates?X Beni Handhalah were the first tribe inhabitedArabistan, in the time of the Sassanide King,

Saboor Thi Al-Aktaf. This tribe survived un-til the birth of Islam when the Caliph, AbuBakr Al-Siddiq, provided them with arms andmoney, and supported them to banish the Sas-sanide rule from there dwelUngs, Beni Han-dhalah are still inhabiting, at the present, Al-Ahwa2, and so-called there Al-Hanatishah ,while their dwellings are located now southDasboul city, where they occupy the left bankof Al-Diz river.

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X Shortly after the birth of Islam and colonizingBasrah, Arab tribes immigrated to that area,especially Beni Al-Am tribes whose kinshipdescends from Tamim and Mahk.X Then there was a succussive immigration ofArab tribes during the rule of the Amawideand the Abbaside states, until this province be-came entirely pure Arab.X The biggest Arab tribe inhabiting the provinceis the celebrated tribe of Ka'ab in the eight-eenth century. Its dwellings stretch, at thepresent, along Shatt al-Arab from Khasrou-Abad, near Abadan upto Al-Gusbah in the be-ginning of the Arabian Gulf vis-a-ivs the Iraqicity, Fao. They also inhabit the banks of Ba-hamshire river which starts from Al-Muham-marah upto east Abadan, As regards the rest,they inhabit several areas of Al-Muhammarah,Al-Falahyah in Al-Dawraq. Their dwellingsstretch to Dasboul and Shashter cities.

X Of the big tribes in Arabistan is Beni Taraftribe. The preponderance of it inhabit Al-Khafajyah city and its districts, while somebranches of Beni Taraf dwell in Al-Muham-marah city and its outskirts. Beni Taraf arefamed, among Al-Ahwaz tribes, for their mightand their valliant spirit in war, this is why theregime of Iran stands in awe of their might,and mobilizes all means to chase and torturethem more than other Arab tribes.

X Al-Sharfah, Al-Swari, Saki, Nies, Kuwait cite-zens, tribes inhabit Al-Huwayzah region.

X Al-Sherayfat, Beni Khalid, Al-Hamid, Al-Hayadir, tribes inhabit the banks of Al-Jarrahiriver.X Al-Bawayah tribes, one of the biggest tribes,

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dwell on the west bank of Al-Karoun river,while a minority of them inhabits the area lo-cated in the middle of Al-Ahwaz Ramizroad and Al-Ahwaz Al-Khalfyah road.

X Beni Malik tribes and all their branches in-habit Al Karoun river.

X As for Albu Sayud Ni'ma Tribes, they inhabitUm Tumayir. They formulate a mixture of var-ous tribes, and they are neighboured by Al-Hardan powerful tribes.

X The big Al-Muheisin tribes, who constitute abranch from Ka'ab, inhabit Al-Muhammarahcity, while part of them dwell in Salboukh, anisland in Shatt al-Arab, whose name was sup-planted by the regime of Iran by Minu . Al-Hililat is their biggest branch; they dwell onAl-Karoun banks and in Bahamshir, in parti-cular.

X All tribes of Beni Tamim inhabit the banks ofHashim river, while the chieftainship resid-ence dwelled in Bu-Shabr port where theyruled the city in the eighteenth century, andformulated an independent Emirate whichsigned a political convention with the BritishGovernment, at that time.

X The celebrated tribes of Beni Lam inhabit theborders of Arabistan from Al-Amarah direct-tion. Most of their members are herders wan-dering with their catties between the lands ofIraq and Arabistan for pastures and grass.Beni Lam played a serious role in the firstworld war, and fought the English forces fora long time, which exposed them to malignityand obliteration, until they were supressed bystarvation and poverty, and you hear but noth-ing about them at the present.

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X Part of the tribe of Beni Salih dwell in Al-Tinah, while the other part dwells near thebanks of Al-Khafajyah river and the bordersof Al-Huwaizah marsh where other tribes sharewith them this area,

X As regards Al-Gati' and Al-A'chrash tribes,they inhabit the desert (= the Bediate) locatedbeyond Al-Ahwaz.X Big groups of Arab tribes inhabit the expand-

ing area located between Al-Diz and Al-Kar-khah rivers, near Dasboul. Of these tribes, AbidKhan (from Beni Lam), Al-Mazra'ah, Al^Bom-wayah and branches of Ka'ab and Al-Khazraj tribes, are eminent. There dwell alsothe Al-Av/ide tribes of Al-Ja'adilah, Al-Jaza'ir-eans and Al-Faowadhil.

X The tribe of the Emirate was, essentially, apowerful family of Beni Tamim. This familywere able to establish an Emirate in Al-Dawraqarea through the seventeenth and the eight-eenth centuries. When Beni Ka'ab immigratedfrom Basrah to Al-Ahwaz in the middle of theeighteenth century, they vanquished this Em-irate and obliterated it. The vanquished im-migrated to Al-Hindijan and Al-Jarrahi riversand occupied the neighbouring agriculturalarea, supported by the tribes allied with themand under their domination like the tribes of,Al-Hayadir, Al-Sharayfat, Al-Hamid and BeniKhalid. These tribes are still dwelling in thisarea, but when the Pahlavi regime was estab-lished it made a finish of the remaining partof the Emirate, so only few poor individualssurvived, and they fused in Al-Suwayrah, Al-Khalfyah and Al-Hindijan cities.

X All these Arab tribes are undergoing poverty34

and bitter deprivation, besides they are ruledby despotic Iranian officials, while their mem-bers are exposed to humiliation, venom, andtyrannical laws, accompained by terrorism andmass assassination, are decred against them,

X Many of the national members of Arab tribeslive as refugeees, in Iraq and the Arabian Gulrcities, because of all types of harm and malig-nity they undergo waged to them by the pup-pets of the client sway of Iran, and the despoticsentences awaiting them in Iran.

X It is a comic scene, and tragic in the meantime,to see an Arab peasant, from these Arab tribeswho inhabit the banks of wide rivers, culti-vates his land by rain-fall, because the regimeof Iran prevented them from all means ofwatering.

X There is no existence, in these areas dwelt bythese Arab tribes, of any health establish-ments. There is no existence of any dispensaryor doctor. There is no sign of any interest inthe health of citizens, therefore different typesof diseases raged awefully in the area.

X These tribes are deprived from educationalschools which will promote their education.Few elementary schools were opened duringthe rise of the national movement in the secondworld war, but they met with failure and wereclosed in the same year, because Arab childrendid not know Persian through which the cur-riculums were taught in these schools.

X The day, when the land of Arabistan is liber-ted, shall come, when Arabistan will return,a pure Arab, to the Arab nation... The dayshall come when the client Shah of Iran and

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his puppets, the villians and the venomoussha^ubites and the slaves of imperialism shallpay for their crimes to the Arab people.

XXX

JThe Intrigue Which EliminatedThe Independence of Arabistan

The Story of The Bloody Conflict BetweenRidha Khan and Sheikh Khaz'aLWhy The British Abanadoned Sheikh Khaz'alIn The Last Moment.Ridha Khan Seeks Dictatorship And The De-terioration Of Islam.The Petroleum Interests Decided The Fate OfSheikh Khaz'aLIn the end of the nineteenth century and thebeginning of the twentieth century, the political,

social and economic situation degenerated to deter-ioration and decay, especially when Ahmed ShahKajar was entrusted the power. He was still ayoung boy whose age did not exceed thirteen years.The courtiers and the big fuedal landlords as wellas the Khans proceeded to corrupt the country andspread anarchy all Iran over. These were headedby the very members of the Kajarian family sup-ported by others from the powerful family of Ki-wan Al-Melik, along with the Khans who wereruling the Turkoman and Bukhtiarean tribes.The Intervention of Foreign States:

Every party of the above-mentioned group wasdevising conspiracies, coup d'etats and intriguesagainst the other party, which created an abnor-mal situation consumed the masses of the peopleof Iran and brought forth the intervention of

36

foreign states in the interior affirs of the country,namely the intervention of Czarist Russia, Britain,America and Germany,Every state was striving for more conventionsand treaties which will enable these states to

de-vour spoils and gain profits in this ignited region.Britain Monopolizes Iran:

After the collapse of the Czarist rtde in Russiaand the establishing of the Soviet Socialist regime,Britain occupied the supreme power in Iran andenjoyed illimitable influence and penetration, es-pecially when (Darsi) possessed the petroleum con-cession. The British then concluded, with the Go-vernment of Iran in 1919, a new convention bywhich Iran consented the employment of Britishconsultants in all government offices.

Britain commenced to plan carefully for es-tablishing a powerful central government, whichmight help bring stability of the country, whereBritain would be able to exploit the petroleumwealth properly; therefore Britain nominated, forthis task the lofty rising person who appeared onthe stage of policy in Iran in 1920, Ridha Khan, whoexalted in that year as War Minister, for the firsttime.

Ridha Khan was, indeed, marked by his firmperson, his powerful will and his perfect effectivedomination of the army under his command.The British Select Ridha Khan:

Thus, the British Embassy selected him to playthe part arranged by it, being the most powerfulman in Iran and the person who can direct thecountry to peace and stability, while the Britishwould operate for exploiting the wealthy petrol-eum fields in Arabistan,

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Ridha Khan, then, maintained his position asWar Minister throughout four consecutive cabinetsruled Iran within two years, despite the differenceexisting in the views of these cabinets as well astheir representation to different groups and in-terest. When the year 1922 commenced, the Britishpromoted him to a Premier and supported him inorganizing the army and promulgating security inall the country over... the stable and peaceful sit-uation alone is the warrant for ensuring the Britishinterests as well as the continuance of all petrol-eum survey operations.

The British managed, at that time, to polarizearound Ridha Khan, big groups of powerful poli-ticians as well as wealthy persons, like TaymurTash, Kiwam Al-Saltana, Dhia'ldin Al-Tabataba'i,sirdar Ass'ad and others.Ridha Khan The King:

By April 5, 1925, the British had arranged forall befitting circumstances and conditions whichbrought about the ascension of Ridha Khan to thethrone of Iran, as well as the reception of the Em-perial Crown offered to him as a sincere present.They inspired him to rule the country strongly andmaintain all state establishments under his domin-ation, when his second cabinet was established andhe occupied each of Interior and War Ministries in1923.The Soviet Union Relinquishes The Concessions ofThe Czarist Regime:

After the Soviet Power had been establishedin Russia, the Soviet Union recognized the inde-pendence of Iran and relinquished all estates p.os-sessed by the Czarist Regime, as well as all debtsRussia had on Iran. Besides, Iran was permitted,

38

in the meantime, to establish a fleet in the CaspianSea. The Soviet Union stipulated, in return forexecuting these questions, that any foreign in-fluence should be banished from Iran.

But did the regime of Iran maintain this noblecondition stipuplated by the Soviet Union?ALl clues have demonstrated the expansion of

the British Influence, along with the penetrationof the imperialistic octopus in all life services inIran, until The Shah, himself, and his partners be-came accustomed to receive the orders from theBritish Ambassador and pursue them in every step.The British Friendsliip To Sheikh Khaz'al:

The British felt, at this point, assured of thefriendship of Sheikh Khaz'al Al-Ka'bi Al-Amiri,the Emir of Arabistan, where petroleum fields lo-cated in his lands. They provided him with abun-dant sums of money and submerged him with biggifts, right before the appearance of Ridha Khanon the stage of policy in Tehran. British consult-ants scarcely abandoned Sheikh Khaz'al, besides,Sheikh Khaz'al did not sign any warrant unless heenjoyed the advice of the British or won their ap-proval on it.

Sir Percy Cox, the well versed expert in theArabian Gulf affairs, and the well-known Britishliason officer, was a close partisan to Sheikh Khaz'al as it was put by Arnold Wilson, the manager ofthe Iranian Petroleum Company. Sheikh Khaz'althen complied with the British interests and ad-vice; therefore they promised him, in return for hissupport to them, that the date-palm orchards,which he owned in Shatt al-Arab, shall be regis-tered pure property for him and for his bequea-thers, provided thai: they shall be excempted fromtaxes... Wilson says in comment on this Question:

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*The aid offered by Sheikh Khaz'al to Britain,both militarily and politically, was a great aidThis is why Percy Cox promised that Britain wouldrecognize Sheikh Khaz'al an independent Emir onArabistan.Sheikh Khaz^al was supporting the politicalfront which patronized the Kajarian ruling tamily.

As Ridha Khan was opposing this family andwas striving to overthrow their throne, SheikhKhaz'al eventually opposed Ridha Khan, andstrove, with all his power and property, to opposeRidha Khan's ambitions:Kidha Khan Secures The British Interests:

Britain was, at the beginning, supportingSheikh Khaz'al against Ridha Khan, deeming thatSheikh Khaz'al could secure its petroleum interestsin Arabistan.When Ridha Khan flourished in Iran, theBritish favoured him; therefore he preponderated.They showed him their admiration especially whenRidha Khan undertook to ensure and guaranteethe maintainance of their petroleum interests.

Ridha Khan cited in his memoir-the Arabicimpression p. 84 his speech which he deliveredbefore the British Consul in Arabistan. He said,Your Excellency The Consul: As regards the pet-roleum pipes, I commit myself of their safety. I,personally, bear and abide by, besides, undertakebearing any harm done to the petroleum pipes be-cause of my military maneuvers. I also take uponmyself to pay any reimbursement for any loss af-fecting the company .

Then what else the Britain were striving for?The petroleum pipes are safe, and their petroleuminterests are spared from any harm.

40

Khaz'al Cables To The Parliament ReprobatingRidha Khan^s Acts:In order to provide the reader with a notion

about that conflict which broke out between RidhaKhan and Sheikh Khaz'al, we cite here what

RidhaKhan wrote in his memoir (PP^ 45-47) the versionof the elaborate telegram, Sheikh Khaz'al cabledto the parliament in Iran, condemning the tyran-nical acts of Ridha Khan and his violation to thesovereignty of the constitution, when he was apremier in 1923.

Despite whatever support, the telegram cited,shown to the decayed Kajarian regime and theKajarian collapsing Shah, the telegram demon-strated the despotic situation, Iran was experienc-ing right at the time Ridha Khan was seizing thepower and directing the affairs arbitrarily.Ridha Khan Violates The Sovereignty Of TheConstitution:We write down here what was cited in thetelegarm of Sheikh Khaz'al describing RidhaKhan:

Then his violation to the sovereign consti-tution', which brought forth the breach among theMoslems, and the Iranian Islamic Association. Aswe are from among people who respect the consti-tution, and struggle for its maintainance alongwith Moslem sanctities. We also strive for the re-lease of freedom, namely freedom of speech andfreedom of political ideas, whether in writing or inspeech especially the dismissal of misunderstand-ing between the person who seizes the power otgovernment in Iran (he means Ridha Khan) andour liberal party, so-called Al-Sa'adah Party,which was established right after The Blessed Is-lamic Renaissance for the sake of maintaining our

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independence, and the protection of the sacred re-ligion as well as the Ja'fari sect, along with secur-ing the individual's freedom, and the stability ofsecurity, and respecting the constitution as v/ell asthe maintaince of the aims of, freedom, justice andequality... etc. .Eidha Khan Seeks Dictatorship And The Deter-ioration of Islam:

The Telegarm involved also the saying ofSheikh Khaz'al:''... We have come to operate for the welfare

of the kingdom, to put an end to personal ambi-tions dreamt by some people, to maintain therights, and to rescue the country from what thisman is devising for We shall put up withall difficulties and we shall not feel disgraced ifwe receive orders from the Central Government.We shall not hesitate in expending money andsouls and whatever cheap or expensive as wellas any available services. But we do not know,fortunately or unfortunately, that since a year theimmutable truth has become manifest; the U] v^llof this man, and his partners and suite, has be-come clear; his intentions b 3 been exposed, hisambitions have been revealea; while we know hispurposes. He strives to posses the wealth, to mono-polize the rule and to obliterate this throne whichwas established long centuries ago, besides heseeks the proclamation of Autocracy and event-ually the deterioration of the supremacy of thesacred Islam as well as violating the constitution.We, vis-a-vis these questions, were vexed aboutthe deterioration of the situation and the threatsencircling religion and the fate of people; it hasbecome clear to us that the person of sirdar RidhaKhan, the enemy of Islam and the usurper of the

42

rule in Iran, the man who violated the rights ofthe nation... etc.Ridha Khan attempts to eliminate Sheikh Khaz'al

Thus, Sheikh Khaz'al proceeded tooppose

Ridha Khan and expose his bad intentions andambitions besides, he instigated the enarged poli-tical forces who opposed him.

After Ridha Khan had liquidated most of hispowerfiU oponents, from politicians and the bigKhans in Iran, he did not escape eliminatingSheikh Khaz'al by any price... He began to feelthat his rule could not survive, that he could notrealize his dreams by ascending the Shahmshahithrone unless he elminated Sheikh Khazal andobliterated the independence he was enjoying mthe Emirate of Arabistan.Ridha Khan Marches On to Arabistan:

Ridha Khan mobilized a great army and he,himself, commanded it. He marched on crossingthe valleys and mountains of Iran until he arrivedthe district of Arabistan; he stationed with hisarmy there, enquiring about the truth of the situa-tion in Arabistan. He was simtten by the bittertruth he faced in Arabistan. He, himself, reviewedthe great military force in Arabistan, and foundthat all Arab tribes were fully armed and wereperfectly aligned to confront the Iranian armyand defeat it. Ridha Khan then was in a critic^position and found himself unable to vanquishSheikh Khaz'al by force.

Thus, Ridha Khan attempted for the last timeto ensure the side of the British Governmentwhich was supporting Sheikh Khaz'al. For this,he contacted the British representatives in Arabis-tan and he offered them his services, in return for


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their complete abandon to the friendship of SheikhKhaz'al and their support to him. The British ap-proved this compromise, inevitably, because oftheir satisfaction in the increasing weakness ofSheikh Khaz'al vis-a-vis the increasing power ofRidha Khan. Sir Arnold Wilson played an effectivepart in the negotiations between Ridha Khan andthe British. We know that Sir Arnold Wilson wasthe deputy of The British High Commissioner inIraq, in the break of 'The Twenties Revolution ,he was transferred to fill the post of the managerof the Iranian Petroleum Companyjafter he hadfailed to extinguish this Glorious Revolution. Thisman, Wilson, was characterized by spasmodic tem-per, besides, he was irresolute and mutable.Sheikh Khaz'al Meets Ridha Khan:When Ridha Khan was assured that the Bri-tish shared with him the same view, he found outthat intrigue and device alone would enable themall to eliminate Sheikh Khaz'al. Proclamation ofwar and military confrontation would not avail,besides they woiild not bring forth promising re-sults.Sheikh Khaz'al felt, in the meantime, that theBritish withdrew and abandoned him. He inevi-tably resorted to courtesy and condiscension; hefound that opposing Ridha Khan, who was encircl-ing Arabistan with his army, would not avail. Inthe meeting held between Sheikh Khaz'al and SirWilson, the manager of the Iranian Petrol-eum Company, Sheikh Khaz'al agreed to meetRidha Khan, and to relinquish many of his powersto the Central Government, but he, in the mean-time, confronted Sir Wilson violently, and rep-roved him strongly for the vaccillation of the Bri-tish to support him and their sell-out of Arabistan.

Thus the meeting was held between Ridha44

Khan and Sheikh Khaz'al; they reconciled or as-sumed reconciliation. Then Ridha Khan went toBasrah, where he went on his visit to Iraq. Hevisited The Sacred Shrines in Baghdad, Karbalaand Najaf accompained by Abdul Karim, the sonof Sheikh Khaz'al, as a hostage.The Flight of Sheikh Khaz'al to Basrah:

Sheikh Khaz'al felt the threat of both the Bri-tish and Ridha Khan*s Government lie in waitfor him, thus, he seized every oportunity to re-scue his properties and luggage and send them tohis palace, in Al-Rabat quarter in Basrah Fortydays after his meeting with Ridha Khan, SheiknKhaz'al ascended his private yacht Khaz'alyahin the pretext of making a trip for hunting, but hewent to Basrah where he settled in his palacethere, away from the threat which was encirclinghim in Arabistan.

The flight of Sheikh Khaz'al brought forth anew situation which put the British Governmentand the Monarch Regime in Iraq on the verge of ahazardous point. The British Government, by nomeans, would not approve the hostile stands ofSheikh Khaz'al against their sincere friend, RidhaKhan Moreover, the Monarch Regime in Iraqwould not forget that Sheikh Khaz'al once claimedlor the throne of Iraq, and that he had, from am-ong the Iraqis, many partisans.

Thus the efEorts of the British and the IraqiGovernments were mobilized to banish SheikhKhaz'al from his refuge. Negotiations commencedbetween him and the Government of Iraq on onehand, and between him and the representativesof the British Government on the other, until theywere eventually convinced by concluding a per-manent reconciliation between him and the Go-

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vernment of Tehran, by holding a reception partyin honour of the Iranian Governor in Arablstan,who was assigned by Ridha Khan^ and transferredat this time to another post.How Sheikh Khaz'al Was Detained:

Again, Sheikh Khaz'al was beguiled by theBritish promise to him so he left his residence inBasrah, and settled in his palace, in Al-Faylyahestate, near Al-Muhammarah, where the final re-conciliation was signed between him and the Go-vernment of Iran. After Sheikh Khaz'al held bigbanquets for this occassion, the British proposedthat he would hold a night party on his privateyacht Khaz'alyah'', while the Iranian Governor,Sheikh Khaz'al and some British officials wouldattend the party. Sheikh Khaz'al complied withthis proposal. After all the guests ascended thissplendid yacht, and moved through the rver, somemilitary Iranian boats besieged the yacht and en-circled it from all directions. Then, officers fromthe Iranian army, accompained by the BritishConsul's representative, ascended the yacht, de-tained Sheikh Khaz'al and led him to the Iranianmilitary camp, where he was sent to Tehran.For satisfying the feelings of the Arab popula-tion, as well as for overcoming emergencies, RidhaKhan approved that Sheikh Abdulla would rep-lace his father, Sheikh Khaz'al, in ruling the Emi-rate of Arabistan. But Ridha Khan turned turtleagainst this Sheikh Abdullah, and he was banishedfrom Arabistan after a short time.The Decline of the Emirate:

Thus, the independence of the Arab Emiratedeclined in Arabistan, right when the tyrannicalautocracy of Ridha Khan overruled, and his des-potic acts which opposed the human spirit and

46

nationalistic feelings burning within the souls ofArab population, spread everywhere. All theseacts of Ridha Khan emerged from a sha ubitevenomous spirit which ignores any mercy towardsvanquished nations and which rejected any kmd-ness and compassion tworads the Arabs,

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PART TWOThe Status Quo in Iran

The Real Purposes Behind The Question ofSahtt al-Arab.Iran, The Citadel of Zionism.Size of Trade Between Iran and Israel is inConstant Expansion.The Baha'ean Movement and its DevastatingPart in Iran.

The Real Purposes Behind The Question Of Shattal-ArabXWhy the Shah Abolished the Frontier Treaty

between Iraq and Iran, along with the organi-zation of Navigation in Shatt al-Arab.X The Regime of the Shah strives for filling thealleged vacuum in the Arabian Gulf.X National Forces in Iran remonstrate the Shahand his Imperialistic and Zionist Sires.X Dark Fate Lies in wait for the rule of theclient Shah.In April 27, 1969, the client regime of Iran

proclaimed, execlusively, its non-recognition ofthe.Frontier Treaty, signed between Iran and Iraqin 1937. The purpose of its conclusion at that timewas to lay of final settlement to problem and dis-putes, rising between the two States as well asterminating the Iranian continuous violation onIraqi lands along land frontiers, as well as theagreement on joint rivers' water, the rivers flow-ing from Iran and falling in Iraq.

Although Iraq has respected, on his side, thestipulations of this treaty and attempted execut-

48

Ing it by good faith, the Government of the trea-cherous Shah in Iran was always assuming pre-judiced and illegal stands, and attempted, by allmeans, expansion by plunder, and waged agres-sion on Iraqi lands, alleging that it has a right toioin in administrating navigation m bhatt al-Arab; whereas Shatt al-Arab as known byanyone who has the simplest knowledge mGeography, is an Iraqi national river for-mulated from the junction of Tigris and Euphraterivers As regard the run of the river, it isalso an Iraqi land besides it is a part of the re-gion of Iraq and subject to the sovereignty of Iraq,as it was stipulated by Article One of The FrontierDemarcation Protocol signed in Constatmople m1913 and verified in the minutes of the Commissionof Ottoman Iranian Frontiers Demarcation m1914, Besides, the Iraqi Iranian Treaty con-cluded in 1937 referred to the above-mentionedProtocol as well as the minutes and recognizedthem as legal documents binding both Iraq andIran, in accordance with Article One of this Treaty;moreover Iraq maintains the right to the de-factofrontiers between the two countries in Shatt al-Arab, because they are the legal frontiers assignedby treaties and conventions for more than one-hundred and twenty years, namely since Ardha-run Treaty of 1847 which was concluded betwenThe Ottoman and the Iranian states. Therefore theallegation of the Iranian authorities, that theFrontier Treaty of 1937 is exceptional and contra-dicting International Conventions, is untrue andillegal, as well as it is incompatible with the situa-tion of each of Iraq and Iran; besides it does notagree with Iraq's irrevocable rights in Shatt al-Arab, being a pure Iraqi river since creation.

The prejudiced position of the Government of49


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Iran viS-a-vis Iraq for so long years, and its non-abiding by the stipulation of concluded treatiesand conventions with Iraq in relation to jointfrontiers as well as its continued hostilities wagedagainst Iraq along with the constant violation ofIraqi lands met at the meantime by Iraq'ssilence and tolerance; all this verifies that self-command and reason policy pursued by Iraq vis-a-vis Iran is not met with the necessary considera-tion from the side of the Iranian hostile autho-rities, .. Undoubtedly Iraq, government and people,stands strongly against the riding client class inIran, and shall teach this class an unforgetablelesson.

The ambitions of the client regime of Iran arenot confined only to Iraq; they exceed it to theArabian Gulf region. The story of Iran's claim forBahrain is quite clear, despite the false allegationsemployed for this claim.

In addition to Bahrain Emirate, The ArabianGulf Emirates are exposed to the devices of theclient regime of Iran inspired by the plans ofWorld Imperialism, The continuous Persian im-migration to these Emirates is well known. Thisimmigration is made for the creation of large num-bers of Persian colonies by which Iran could passits devices as well as creating a base for arrangingexpansionist plans in this Arab region, thus ex-ploiting the conditions of these backward Emiratesas well as the British domination on them, so thatIran could, afterwards, settle in the place of thisImperialistic power, and eventually dominatetheir political and economic potentialities.

The national and nationalistic task decidesthat Progressive Arab States, along with theirliberated peoples, should align themselves and be

50

vigilant vis-a-vis this great imperialistic threat, be-Sdes they should be vigilant and watchful vis-a-vi.the sreedy ambitions disclosed openly by Iranianauthorities, without shame and without eqmvoca-tion.

^ J TThe frontier dispute, the government of Iranprovoked recently, is not a new ^^^sî^JJ; .^Jîs ^^^^^pute has been existing for long years but the go-vernments of Iran provoked it from time to time,when neo-imperialistic policy in the Near East re-quired its provocation, for the sake of executmga devi-e or just for creating a new dispute to preoc-cupy the Arab and the Persian peoples.Why then has the recent situation emergedbetween Iraq and Iran...?

What are the real reasons behind them?And that hidden hand which incites the re-gime of Iran from the backstage, what does it rep-resent and what does it strive for?

Despite the claim of the reactionary regime inIran to defend the alleged right of Iran m Sâttal-Arab waters, this question is nothing but a U^.device to eliminate the armed struggle of thePalestinean people, besides it is, in the meantimea suppression of the revolutionary movement otthe Iranian people, namely the Arab people m thesouth.What are then the external and the internalpurposes and reasons which made the Shah playthe part of the leading chessman in the chess gameplanned by Neo-imperialism?

The Middle East countries have changed, inthe present time, to be one of important bases otrevolutionary movements, in which great massesof people play the most serious and importantparts. The oppressed and exploited peoples of this

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region rose up, after they realized that freedomcould not be acquired unless by armed struggle;this struggle is the only course leading them to ob-tain victory against their enemies, the oppressors,and the robbers of their sustenance. The armedstruggle of the valiant Palestinean people for-mulates the throbbing heart of this wide liberationrevolution.

The development of armed struggle of revolu-tionary masses and peoples in the Middle East, hasgreatly terrified imperialists and reactionaries inthe region. Therefore these went on devising con-secutive conspiracies against Middle East peoples.From among these big chessmen moved by imper-ialistic powers to execute their devices is Moham-mad Ridha Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. He and hisimperialistic sires recognized in the revolutionarymovement developing among Arab people, a threatlying in wait to obliterate and eliminate their in-fluence.

Shah Iran attempts to mobilize all war instru-ments of load reactionary regimes against all mo-vements of Arab people liberation. In the con-ference convened by Foreign Ministers of countrymembers of CENTO Pact, the Shah exerted allefforts by the British support and U.S. incita-tion ' to make from the CENTO a more vital in-strument employed against Arab people liberationmovement.

The government of the Shah is one of the mostimportant bases of imperialism in the region; be-sides the Shah strives to fill the untrue vacuum,which he alleges it will exist after the Britishforces withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf, wherehe will be the entrusted guard of the interests ofinternational petroleum monopolies, and then he

52

will supress the developing wide liberation move-ment in these areas.In the light of the imperialistic policy of plun-.

der which opposes the progressive revolution ofArab people, we can know the real aims behmdinstigating the question of Shaft al-Arab:1. The people of Iran sympathizes with, andmaintains the deepest feelings towards the op-

pressed Arab Palestinean people. The nationalforces in Iran always strongly reprobatedZionsts' and imperialists' agressions againstthe rights of the Palestinean people, besidesthey supported and support the developingstruggle of this valiant people.The recent aggressions provoked by the Shahand his imperialistic sires are meant to insti-gate hostile feelings, towards the Arabs, amongthe Iranian people, for debilitating the consoli-dation between the Iranian people and thePalestinean liberation Movement; they arealso meant to preocuppy Iraq and divert itfrom playing its part in the fate battle withIsrael; therefore the Iraqi public opinion shallbe preocuppied by Iran and its provocations,as they will not show more concern to the bat-tle with Zionism. By this way the stru^^le ofArab people shall be debilitated in both Iraqand Palestine.

2. The frontier disputes were provoked right be-fore the convention of the conference ofCENTO Pact Foreign Ministers in Tehran. Thepurpose was to attract Pakistan and Turkey,members of the pact, to the arena against theArab people, because the threat which awaitsIran, as the Shah alleges, is the threat comingfrom the south; it is the threat of liberation re-

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volutionary movements of the boiling massesin Iraq.

3. The Shah is the most befitting chessman whocan be the constable of the Gulf after Britains'withdrawal. The Shah has been qualifyinghimslef for, a long time to perform this partfor the sake of his American sires, the enemiesof all peoples. This provoking operation, fab-ricated by the Shah against Iraq, is but a clueby which he demonstrates, to his imperialistsires, his competency and subjection to themas well as his readiness to execute their devicesand conspiracies on every level.The treatment of the recent disputes on theIranian-Iraqi frontiers, has an interior con-cern. The regime of the Shah is undergoing,from interior, an intense financial crists; be-sides all his reforms are groundless and void oftruth, while living necessities of the people,especially the toilers, is in continuous deterior-ation, it is much more worse than before. Theworkers are undergoing poverty, and they de-mand an increase in their wages, while thepeasants are struggling against paying instal-ment sums of lands as well as against reim-bursements imposed on suspending settleddebts. Those who have not got lands are alsostruggling for the sake of getting these lands.All this has created conditions unbefitting therule of the Shah, interiorly.And for the sake of this, the Shah attempts

to divert the minds by creating an exterior enemy,whereas this game is an old fashioned device,but the Shah and his sires, members of the U.S.Intelligence Agency, resort to this device, when-ever the client rule is powerless to settle interiorproblems, and whenever the regime is threatened

54

by the approach of the revolution. The way theyalways pursue is to preoccupy the people by povok-ing the negative sides of the people's feelings aswell as by spreading of chauvinism against theArabs, and by provoking a fabricated fuss aboutthe departure of the Iranians from Iraq.All reactionaries resort to these fallaciousmeans to prolong their rule; however all their en-deavours shall not remain unrevealed.Moreover, the incitation of chauvinst feelingsagainst the Arabs among the masses of people inIran is a high treason committed by the Shah ag-ainst both Arabs and Persians.

The Shah has, by creating an exterior enemy,other purposes, first of which is to creat war in allareas of Iranian-Iraqi frontiers, and send millitaryforces to these areas; second is to oppose the deve-loping national movement of the Arab people inArabistan, south Iran. By mliitary concentrationsand by maneuvers he established military domin-ation in Arabistan, putting it under a war state forthe sake of intensifying the domination as well asfor eliminating the struggling Arab people in thisarea and for suppressing whatever arouses nation-al feelings among Arab population. The Shah didlikewise to the Kurdish region, where he imposedon the Kurdish people strict restrictions, becausehe feared their revolt.

Everyone knows that the public indignationin Iran is in increase day after day, as well as itintensifies the affinity of the toiling classes and dif-ferent national elements; while the affinity of theseclasses arouses the fear of the rulers, especially thecourt of the Shah.

Besideds, the revolution in Iraq as well as theblack fate lying in wait for the ruling reactionaryclass in Iran, has increased the fear of the sire of

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the ShaMnshahi courtj which made him seek se-curity in the laps of his U.S. sires.The people of Iran believe now that a fate likethe fate of King Faisal's II court is awaiting theShah's court, and that the collapse of the monarchyregime and the establishment of the republic inthe near future is an inevitable question.

Iran has opened the fight front with Iraq sur-prisingly, by proclaiming that the abiding by theFrontier Treaty of 1937 is terminated. It is wellknown that some quick Iranian impulses lie in thisconduct. Iran is favoured by U.S. and British sup-port in its plan which warrants a strategic victoryfor the CENTO Pact, on one hand.Whereas the vitality of its challenges profitsfrom the preoccupation of Iraqi military forces inthe battle of Jordan, besides the support of theIsraeli side on an international scale, on the otherhand. Tihrdly Iran wants to employ the remaining,time, to fill the vacuum brought forth by the Bri-tish withdrawal from the Gulf region.

Observers recognize that Iran aims, by itschallenges to Iraq, to pull down the biggest traverseimpeding the execution of its ambitions. If Iraqremained silent vis-a-vis the abolishment of 1937Treaty, it would throw the torn Arabian Gulf Emi-rates in the laps of Iran, because Iraq is the mostpowerful Arab state in the area, while Iraq's com-liance with the Iranian decsiion means the com-plete absence of the Arab oponent in the conflicton the Gulf. This would make the Emirs and chaif-tains of the Emirates and Mashyakhates, who arepowerless, recognize the de facto position Iraqwould have already recognized.The occurrence of such a situation is a repeti-tion to an identical situation in Palestine in 1949,which is the proclamation of armistice with Israel

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i

which concentrated, by this way, its occupation tothe Arab land. , , ^ . .i i +The conflict on Shalt al-Arab is not the lastSim of Iraq, but it is one of the links of the Iraniandevice, for, since the First World War Iran hasbeen speaking about some rights m the Gult landsas well as in its waters which are wealthy of petrol-eum.

This conflict then enters as a part of the WestReturn Operation to the area, this operation whichassumed a new form after June 1967, and whichaims at the return of the West Influence to the-region from the window after it has left out formthe door. , . ^. ^ . .

It is possible to consider this conflict simply a rather late application of a link from theCENTO Pact programme, and the programme ofBaghdad old Pact, this programme which hasfound the befitting opportunity.The smell of 1948 which diffused in such daysbefore (22) years on the shores of the Mediterran-ean Sea, is deffusing now nearly with the somedegree on the Arabian Gulf shore.Then the mistake commences, and eventually

the defeat, when we analyse the nature of what.is going on partial grounds which shall not leadus to a real comprehensive judgement of the sit-uation... because what is going on now is not. amere dispute on demarcating frontiers which wereapproved through the 1937 Treaty between Bagh-dad and Tehran; it is also not a mere contradictionm construing the articles of navigation convention.

Since that time, the pillage operation has beengoing on in the area. It has been going on sincethe partition decision, and the question of Pales-tine, followed by the question of Arabistan whichIran annexed, and now to Shatt al-Arab which:

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Iran wants to make an entrance for the dominationof the Gulf.

Therefore and if we want to know what isgoing on now in that sole confrontation existing onShatt al-Arab between Iraq and Iran, we have toreturn to the beginning of the story, to Arabistan,where we have explained its ambiguities in thefirst chapter of this book.

Nevertheless, instigating the frontiers' que-tion between Iraq and Iran by the regime of thehired Shah, is taut an imperialistic conspiractyaiming at debilitating liberation struggle of theArab people, namely the valiant people of Pales-tine, and impeding the development of the revolu-tionary movement of the peoples of Iran, especiallythe Arab people and the Kurdish people. The strug-gle of the peoples of Iran shall not be diverted byfabricating an exterior enemy. The struggle of theArab people along with the struggle of the peoplesof Iran shall certainly triumph in a time not sofar.

Iran, The Citadel of ZionismXThe Story of The Israeli Agency In The Centre

of The Moslem Capital.X How Israeli Agents exercise Activity InsideIran and on Iraq's Frontiers.X Israel Capitals Penetrate In A Number OfImportant Iranian Companies.X Who Is The Honorary Consul Of Tel AvivGovernment In Tehran?X Why Zionist Activity Concentrates In Arabis-

tan Province?The Association between Zionism and Imper-ialism is not occasional, but it lies in the very na-

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ture of the Zionist movement, being the represta-tion of Jewish bourgeois class interest. On thisground Zionism has been associated since itsInception in the close of the nineteenth centurywith World Imperialism; it was established by im-perialism, was favoured by its support, and putitself under its domination.For this reason it was necessary for Zionism,since the incpeion of its creation, to become a taillo imperialistic bourgeoisie and pursue the courseof world imperialism, for realizing its class in-terest.

Since the rulers of Iran were well brandedof their perfect subjection to imperialism, theyfound in the Zionist movement a back for themto survive their reactionary rule. Therefore theywent on supporting Israel and aiding it extremelyin every time and in every occasion. Besides, theywent on, in the meantime, opposing liberationmovements and progressive

Documents

Arabistan (ba`th propaganda publication)