Architectural Building Technology

7/27/2019 Architectural Building Technology

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ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 3

APPLIANCES RATINGS

SUBMITTED BY:

PORLAY, MARETSHAM M.

QUIONES, IRENE

BSA-3A


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HOME APPLIANCES

Home appliances are electrical/ mechanical machines which accomplish somehousehold functions, such as cooking or cleaning.

Home appliances can beclassified into:

Major appliances, or

White goodsA major appliance, or

domestic appliance, is

usually defined as a largemachine which

accomplishes some

routine housekeeping

task, which includes

purposes such as cooking,

or food preservation,

whether in a household,

institutional, commercial or

industrial setting. Major

appliances include the

dishwasher, refrigerator,

stove, washing machine,

and dryer.

Small appliances, or Brown goods

Small appliances, Small domestic appliances, or brown goods (from the color of

the wooden and bakelite cases once used) are portable or semi- portable machines,

generally used on table-tops, counter-tops, or other platforms, to accomplish a

household task. Examples of brown goods are: television and wireless sets; microwaveovens; coffee makers; and personal computers.

Consumer electronics, or Shiny goods

Consumer electronics (abbreviated CE) are electronic equipment intended for

everyday use, most often in entertainment, communications and office productivity.

Main products include audio equipment, television sets, MP3 players, video recorders,


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DVD players, digital cameras, camcorders, personal computers, video game consoles,

telephones and mobile phones. Increasingly these products have become based on

digital technologies.

HOUSE HOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Hydro bills are established by finding out how many kilowatt hours of electricity

your household has used in a given time.

1 kWh = kilowatts X time (hours)

1 kWh = 1 000 Watts X 1 hour

1 kWh = 1 000 W X 3 600 secondsReading the Meter always use the smallest number

Thisreading

shouldbe88762

HOUSE HOLD WIRING

The wires coming into a house include a black, a red and a white.

The black and the red wires are hot

The white wire is neutral leading to a ground

The black is rated as being 120 v from the neutral

The red is rated as being 120 v from the neutral


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ELECTRICITY ENTERING YOUR HOUSE

THE SERVICE PANEL

Since the service panel has

black, red, and white wires, the

total voltage is 120 + 120 =

240 volts.

The service panel usually

contains circuit breakers. The

breakers have either a red or a

black wire attached to them.

The service panel provides

electricity for the branchcircuits.


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THE NEUTRAL WIRE (WHITE)

The neutral wire is the ground

Grounds protect us from electrocution

Service Panel has a ground wire 3 prong plug the circular, bottom hole leads to the ground

buried outside.

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Circuit breakers open the circuit when a current in a

house wire exceeds the rated current for that circuit.

The circuit breaker protects people from being

electrocuted to death and protects us from burningdown the house.

Circuit overloads cause the generation of heat.

Ordinary breakers are rated as 15 amps.

There are bigger breakers provided for such circuits that

require 240 volts e.g.. Dryers and water heaters.

Instead of circuit breakers some electrical devices have

fuses. Often electric stoves have fuses.

HOUSE HOLD WIRING House hold circuits are 120 volts and are alternating current. Appliances are

usually connected in parallel.

The circuits are polarized. That is, the black wire is connected in a certain wayand the neutral wire is connected in a certain way.

Polarized plugs reduce the risk of an electrical shock by forcing electricity to flow

in one general direction


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THREE PRONGED PLUG

The round prong is the ground (c)

The longer hole is connected to the white wire(a) (neutral). We need this wire to complete thecircuit.

The shorter hole is connected to the black wire.(hot 120 Volts) (b)

The grounded plug is safer than a two pronged

plug.

FUSES

Fuses are used to limit the current flowing through a circuit or

into an appliance. A fuse will melt when the current flowing through it exceeds the rating

of the fuse. This protects the flex from overheating which could result in a fire. The

circuit is then broken and the flow of current stops.

EARTH WIRE


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The earth wire is a safety feature which prevents the metal casing of an

appliance becoming dangerous to touch when a fault occurs. A large current will

flow through the earth wire and the fuse will melt, protecting the appliance.

DOUBLE INSULATION

Double insulated appliances. If you are fitting a plug to a double insulated

appliance (labelled with the double insulated symbol), you should not have an

earth conductor in your flex.

POWER RATING OF AN APPLIANCE

The power rating of an appliance or a component is defined as the amount of

energy used by the component / appliance in one second

The power rating tells us the rate at which energy is transformed, that is the

energy transformed each second.


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The electric power required by an electric appliance can be estimated as (the

appliance's electric CURRENT) (the VOLTAGE across its terminals). For example if

the current through a household light bulb is 0.5 amperes and the voltage across its

filament is the common 120 volts, then its power is (0.5 amperes) (120 volts) = 60

ampere volts = 60 watts. Note: 1 amp 1 volt is defined to be 1 watt.

Power represents the RATE at which electric energy is being fed to an appliance.

Note that the power is properly zero if the voltage across the appliance is zero which

is true when it is switched OFF. Fortunately, most electric appliances have labels that

give their power ratings, and it is not necessary to know the electric currents flowing

through them to calculate their power requirements. Furthermore, the VOLTAGE

supplied to most household appliances is 120 volts, so Power = (120 volts)

(CURRENT in amps). From this equation, it is clear that higher power appliances

require more amps.

The electric energy, in kilowatt hours (kWh), used by an appliance over a time interval is

.

Many electric appliances operate using one or more of the following three parts:

A. electric motor(e.g., a fan),B. electric current flowing through a conductor that gets hot (e.g., a toaster),C. an electromagnet (e.g., a solenoid valve that quickly opens and closes, controllingwater flow in a washing machine).


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TYPICAL APPLIANCE POWER RATINGS


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TYPICAL APPLIANCE POWER RATINGS AND SIZING BACK-UP SYSTEMS

For a final calculation of your watt*hour usage, we recommend that you look at

each appliance to be powered to find it rated power. We also offer meters (Brand Power

Meter and the Kill a Watt Power Meter) which are specifically designed to measure how

much power an appliance consumes. For detailed specifications on the Brand 1850W

model, or for the Kill a Watt Meter.


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When determining how many Watt x Hours you're appliances will use keep in

mind that many of the appliances that you might use will only be run for an average of a

few minutes per day. For instance a 500W weed eater may be used for 1 hour every

week. That translates to an average of 71Watt*Hours per day (500W / 7 Days).

Also, there are appliances like refrigerators which although appear to be "on" all

day, actually are running between 12 to 15 hours a day (turning off and on as needed).

Air conditioning units run on and off all day depending on the cooling needs of the home

and the outdoor temperature.

Finally, be aware of "ghost loads". These are devices that people commonly

forget to include in their calculations. These devices typically consume a small amount

of energy (

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