Architecture Contemporary

Contemporary ArchitectureChapter I

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Architecture Contemporary

The main idea of contemporary architecture lies mainly in rejecting historical styles. Facing classic trends of the last third of the nineteenth century, contemporary architecture comes with a totally different proposition to what already existed.


The Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution brought about a radical change in architecture with the manufacture of new building materials and cheaper mass production.

THE CRYSTAL PALACE / JOSEPH PAXTON 1851


Moreover, provided a more stark vision, generated by the ideological changes that led to the formation of democracies in the world and led the architects to eliminate the luxuries of the buildings.THE HOUSE OF BLACK MOTHER OF GOD/

JOSEF GOCÁR CITY OF PRAGUE/ CZECH REPUBLIC 1911


The neoclassical style was introduced in the design of buildings seeking purity of lines, so the discovery of the ruins of Pompeii and other archaeological treasures Greco Romans was adapted to the new times.

IT WAS AN ECLECTIC ARCHITECTURE IN WHICH MANY STYLES ARE MIXED


The main features in construction are:-Cornices and friezes with metopes and triglyphs.-Grecas-Garlands vegetables: flowers, fruits...-Palms y laurels


And constructions more used :-Columns commemorative -Temples-Triumphal arches -Propylaea

The Great Arc de Triumph was the tribute of Napoleon Bonaparte to his invincible army, but the Emperor was deposed and died without seeing the colossal work completed.


The iron, steel, zinc and glass were becoming part of a new design concept, closer to engineering that the architectural design.

Since 1872 GustaveEiffel obtainedcontracts abroad, in 1877 is built a bridge over the Douro River in Portugal, a steel single arc of 160 meters. In 1884 its factory was alreadyfamous in the world. He melted the StatueOf Liberty in 1886, later worked in the Tower that bears his name, and that was his biggest project.


The engineering began to have a greater role, the economy of means, the clean lines, the shortest time to its construction, the easy technical and the lack of ornate ornaments that gave the new materials. The world governments preferred to invest in engineering projects for real estate development plans and works, rather than architectural.

BROOKLYN BRIDGEArchitects: John Augustus Roebling 1883 height: 83 metros length: 1,834 metros


They develop great discussions addressing architecture, first the Modernist architects, descendants of Romanticism and Symbolism. On the other hand the Rationalism that raises two clearly defined movements: Constructivism and Deconstructivism.


Modernism developed in Europe and receives different names. In Spain, better known as Catalan Modernism are develops mainly in Barcelona. In France and Belgium is known as Art Nouveau, Modern Style in England and in Germany as Jugendstil.

Modernism1880 to 1902


The Vienna Secession in Austria is the movement that leads to Modernism, that although this already had been developing for some time, is the year 1897 when a group of artists from different disciplines and led by Gustave Klimt who pose open criticism of industrialization and rescue craft of the work of the craftsman.

JOSEF MARIA OLBRICH 1898-99


The most representative Spanish architects are:

Antoní Gaudí

Víctor Beltrí y RoquetaLluís Domènech i

Montaner


Víctor Beltrí y RoquetaBorn in the city of Tortosa(Catalonia) on April 16, 1862 and died in Cartagena on February 4,1935.

Aguirre Palace, 1898 Grand Hotel, 1916

Watch detailTarraga House


Lluís Domènech i Montaner (December 21, 1850 - December 27, 1923) Born in Barcelona, he studied architecture, was chair professor in the School of Architecture of Barcelona. From that position influenced the Catalan modernist architecture.

Holy Cross and Saint Paul Hospital.

World Heritage.UNESCO, 1930

Facade of the Palau

of Catalan music,1908


Antoní Gaudí Catalan artist born in Reus on June 25, 1852 and died in Barcelona on June 10, 1926, is the greatest exponent of Catalan modernist architecture and even the whole modernist architecture, fundamentally so prolific in his work, absolutely inspired by nature and rigorous application of geometry and mathematical calculation, physical in each of its buildings.

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Art NouveauArchitectural style is developed in Belgium and France.


Its main representatives were:Victor Horta (1861 Ghent-Brussels 1947), Belgian architect, pioneer of Modernism.American House

Architect House


Hector Guimard (París 1867 - Nueva York 1942) is the main representative of Art Nouveau in France.

Castel Beranger


Glasgow School of Art

In the Modern Style mainly stands: Charles Rennie Mackintosh (June 7, 1868 –December 10, 1928) was an architect, designer and watercolorist Scot, who was of fundamental importance in the Arts and Crafts movement and also was the leading exponent of Art Nouveau in Scotland.

Jugendstil es el movimiento que marca la pauta en Alemania, Austria y en los países bajos, destacándose particularmente la obra de Josef Maria Olbrich.


Wagner Apartment in Viena

Amstel House, Berlín

Jugendstil movement is the pacesetter in Germany, Austria and Netherlands, highlighting in particular the work of Josef María Olbrich.

Joseph Maria Olbrich (1867-1908) Architect and industrial designer born in Opava, Czech Republic.


He was part of the rebel movement in Vienna, along with Josef Hoffmann (1870-1956). In the beginning of this modernism appears Otto Wagner (1841-1918), father of this movement. Wagner will also have a type of architecture that reacts against historicism, far from the traditional guidelines. Although attempts to infuse his work of rationalism,continue to rely on the ornamental.

Otto Wagner Born: Penzig (Austria), 1841 Deep: Viena (Austria), 1918


Wien-Hietzing Station (1898)

Karlsplatz Station (1898)

The Austrian Post Office Savings Bank

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Architecture Contemporary