Art History-Prehistory to Gothic

ARTS 1110

Paleolithic Era

40,000 years ago to about 15,000 BCE

Last advance and retreat of glaciers:

– End of the Ice Age

Cro-Magnon replaces Neanderthal (hypothesis) about 30,000 BCE

Cro-Magnon: first anatomically modern man

First production of non-utilitarian art

Prehistory DatingRelative dating: Relies on chronological

relationships to other objects or events• BP=Before Present, BC=Before Christ• BCE=Before Common Era, Ca. = circa • La Tene, Old Kingdom

Absolute dating: years of age determined from scientific process

• Radiometric dating (carbon-14• Potassium-argon dating• Thermo-luminescence dating• Elecron spin resonsance

Venus of Willendorf, 25,000 BCE, Paleolithic, Austria

France Austria Russia

Woman from Brassempouy, France,

30,000

Footprints in Tuc d’Audoubert

Bison relief, 15,000 BCE, Paleolithic, France

Relief Sculpture

Cave ArtThe Cave of

Lascaux, Dordogne region,

France,

15,000 BCE

Lamp with Ibex Design, France, 15,000-13,000 BCE

Hall of the Bulls, France, 15,000 BCE,

Spotted Horse, Handprints, France, 22,000 BCE

Why are the handprints represented here?How do you think they were painted on the rock?

The Chinese Horse, France, 15,000 BCE

Rhino, Wounded Man, Bison, 15,000 BCE, France

How does this image differ from the Hall of the Bulls? Why do you think the human figures are not portrayed in a naturalistic

way?

Hunting Scene, Zimbabwe, Africa, 20,000 BCE

Bird, Crab, and Eggs, Queensland, Australia

Petroglyph panel, Nine Mile Canyon, Utah

Human Hand Prints, Argentina, 7,350 BCE

Neolithic Period ca. 8,000-3000 BCE

• Ice Age ends around 10,000 BCE• Climate and geography of the world was much

like it is today• Neolithic: New Stone Age, new uses for stone • New developments in how people lived• Metalwork appears in Europe around 4th

millennium BCE with Copper, Tin and Gold• Bronze Age – from ca. 2300 BCE• Iron Age – from ca. 1000 BCE

Public Shrine at Çatal Höyük, 6700-5700 BCE

Deer Hunt Mural, 5750 BCE, Çatal Höyük

http://www.catalhoyuk.com/

Rise of the City

Human Figure, Ain-Ghazal, Jordan, 7000-

6000 BCE

Human Skull, 6500 BCE, Jericho

Stone Tower, ca. 7500 BCE, Jericho

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZB6a4C0Ca00

Newgrange, 3200 BCE,Co. Meath, Ireland

Roof box, post and lintel, megaliths

Stone Basin in right cove

Corbeled Roof at Newgrange

Stonehenge, Neolithic, 2500 BCE Wiltshire, England

Paleolithic Neolithic

How is life different in the Neolithic Period compared to the Paleolithic

period?

• Provide 3 answers

•Sumer, Akaad, and Syria

•Independent city-states from Turkey to the Persian Gulf

•World’s first religious architecture

•City-states are under patronage of different gods

•Ruler was god’s chosen representative on earth

•Complex government including a ruler and a governing body of nobles

Mesopotamia

Sumerian,White Temple, Uruk (Warka),

3200-3000 BCE

•Sky God, Anu

•Gilgamesh

•Ziggurat

•Bent-axis

•Inanna, Fertility Goddess

Sumerian, Warka Vase

(Uruk Vessel), 3200-3000 BCE

Neo-Sumerian, Temple of Ur, Ur, Iraq, 2100 BCE

•Ziggurat

Sumerian, Worshiper Statues from the Abu

Temple, 2700 BCE

•Votive statues

Sumerian, Standard of Ur, 2600 BCE

Akkadian, Akkadian Ruler, 2250-2200 BCE

Akaadian,Stele of Naram-Sin,

2254-2218 BCE

•Lullubi

Cuneiform

Babylonian, Code of Hammurabi, 1780

BCE

•King Hammurabi •Sun god, Shamash

Assyrian, Lamassu,

from the Citadel of Sargon II,

720-705 BCE

Assyrian, Citadel of Sargon II, Khorsabad, Iraq, 720-705 BCE

Assyrian, Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions, Palace complex of Assurnasirpal II, Kalhu, (Nimrud, Iraq), ca. 850BCE

Babylonian, Ishtar Gate, 575 BCE

Reconstruction of Babylon, ca. 6th

century BCE

Persian, Palace of Darius, Persepolis, Iran, 521-465 BCE

Persian, Palace of Darius, Persepolis, Iran, 518-460 BCE

Persian, Stairway Relief, Palace of Darius,

Persepolis, Iran, 518-460 BCE

Stairway relief detail

Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Stairway Detail of the Palace of Darius,

Persepolis, Iran

How do different Bronze Age cultures attempt to access God(s)?

Ancient Egypt

• Egyptology-Heroditus, Bible, Manetho

• Rosetta stone-Demotic, hieroglyphs, and Greek

• Expanded interest in mathematics and sciences

• Pre-dynastic Egypt: until 2700 BC

• Old Kingdom: ca. 2700-2190 BC

• Middle Kingdom: ca. 2040-1674 BC

• New Kingdom: ca. 1552-1069 BC

Ancient Egypt

3150 BCEthrough30 BCE

The Rosetta Stone, Egypt, ca. 196 BCE

hieroglyphics

Demotic

Greek

Mastaba

Imhotep, Step Pyramid of Zoser,

Egypt, 2630-2611 BCE

Columns at Zoser’s Funerary Complex

Egyptian Columns

Closed and Open Papyrus Capitals

Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt, 2551-2472 BCE

•Fourth Dynasty: Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu

•Sandstone and Limestone casing

2,300,000 BlocksWeighing 2.5 tons each

Great Sphinx, Giza, Egypt, 2520-2494 BCE

Statue of Hatshepsut, Egypt,

1473-1458 BCE

Senmut, Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Egypt, 1473-1458 BCE

Temple of Amun at Karnak,

1294-1212 BCE

•Hypostyle hall•Clerestory•Columns/capital

Temple of Amun at Karnak, 1294-1212 BCE

Statue of Kaphre,

Egypt,

2520-2494 BCE

•Diorite

Akhenaten, Egypt,

1353-1335 BCE

•Amarna period under

pharaoh Akhenaten

(Amenhotep)

Nefertiti, Egypt, ca. 1353-1336 BCE

Akhenaten and His Family, Egypt, ca. 1353-1336 BCE

Death Mask of

Tutankhamen,

Egypt, 1323 BCE

•Nemes headdress