Arthakranti Hindi Book

8/4/2019 Arthakranti Hindi Book

1/37

:

. 22731()

:

: 2010

:

( )

, 46 (.), - 400 028: 9821087115,

9869201258

, 721/1/9, , , - 411 030: 9881151161,

9850572580

,5/5/66,

, , - 431 005

: 0240-2343601,

8087882741


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1) 2)

) ) ) (credit expansion)

) ) 1) 2)

3) )

) ) )

4) ) /

) ) ) ) - )

5) 6)

- , ,

, ; :

, /

, ,

,

,


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,

,

: , -- ? , , , --,

, , ,

,

, ,

,

, ,

- ,

, , , , , , ,

,

, , - , , , , , , :

... , ,

,


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( ?) - , , - ,

/ ... - ,

....

, ,

,

: (Flawed Taxation System)

2 ] : -

/

/ / ,

, , 2 ) (Transaction Money) :1) (Currency Money) :

(. 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000) ( (WPI), , .) /

(High Powered Money)


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2) (Credit/Bank Money):

(Credit History) PlasticMoney - Credit/Debit Card

(Credit Expansion)

2 - (Credit Expansion): (Credit Expansion)

2000 10% (Cash Reserve Ratio) 200 1800 (Derivative

Deposit) (Excess Reserves) (Loan /Advance)

, 1800 (Cheque) ` 1800 ` 1800 (CashReserve Ratio) 1620

(Primary Deposit ) 1800 (Derivative Deposite ) (Credit Expansion) (Capital formation)

: (Multiple Expansion of Credit through Banking System )

/(Primary Deposits/ (Cash Reserve (Loan /derivative

Liabilities ) @ 10% Deposits )

2000* 200 1800 1800** 180 1620 1620 162 1458 1458 145 1313 1313 131 1182: : : :

20,000 2000 18000**** ( Primary Deposit)** (Original Primary Deposit)***

(Capital Formation Through Credit Expansion)

(Cash Reserve Ratio) (CreditMultiplier)

:

(Credit Multiplier :

, :

Volume of Derivative DepositsOriginal Excess Reserves

180001800 =10

)


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2008-2009 [Currency Money] = 6, 04,000 [Bank/Creadit Money] = 4,96,000 *

[Bank/Creadit Money] [Currency Money]

/ [CreditExpansion] ()

[Affordability]

, , , [PurchasingPower] [Credit Expansion] , , [ 60 14 1969 100 500, 1000, 5000 10000

4,000

18,000

22

,000

4.50

3,00,000

12,30,000

15

,30,000

4.10

60,000

3,20,000

3,80,000

5.3

3

5.3

3

77

421

49

8

5.4

7

5,6

70

24,400

30

,070

4.30

300

2,200

2,500

7.3

3

3,10,000

7,90,000

11

,00,000

2.5

5

1,800

5,700

7,500

3.1

7

4,400

94,800

99

,200

21.5

5

76,000

60,600

1,36,600

0.80

6,00,000

5,00,000

11

,00,000

0.8

3

[

]

[Bank/creditmoney]

[T

otalNarrow

Money]

(M1)

/


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- 100 ]

/ , , /

[Audit]

[11 2001 - , 13 2001 ] 11 -

,

,

[ 95 %] 13 2008 26/11 - [ 80%]

,

/(Credit) , , NPA(Non Performing Assets)

: -1] 2]

() () () ( / )

40,000 100 400

20,000 50 400

40,00,000 10,000 400

33,000 1000 33

.2 .5 .10 .20 .50 .100 .500 .1000

1999-2000 4592 512 1152 13282 1010 33230 85831 57250 0

2000-2001 5358 457 1016 123361012 32818 108141 52947 3719

2004-2005 7351 462 2086 6770 3876 29941 123282 152728 420822007-2008 125 636 2111 9333 4108 26508 134575 263108 141219

91% 100, 500 1000 .

[2007] 78 % . 20 .

www.rbi.org.in


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30

[ ] , ,

/ , [ ]


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:1] 2] 1] (Direct Tax):

,

[ , - ] - (ParallelEconomy)

2] (Indirect Tax):

(Customs/ImportDuties), (Excise Duty), (Sales Tax), (ServiceTax), (Octroi)

, [ , , / ] / /

, /

: , , , () (Canon of Equity):

, ( ) ( )

:

(Direct Tax & Indirect Tax) 34:66 ( 2007-2008) ,

1960-61 16% , 1999-2000 25%

: , (Raw Material) , (Spare Parts) (FinishedGoods)

() (Canon of Productivity): (Revenue)


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: :

(Non-agriculturist), (Non-agriculturist Income),

,

: , ) (Canon of Simplicity):

: ,

(Octroi), ( ): (White Money) (Black Money) (ParallelEconomy) 30,00,000 ) (Canon of Certainty):

,


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:

, , , , , , , ,

, (Octroi) : (Budget) (Provisions) , : ) (Canon of Elasticity):

( , , ) , :

, : , :

: ) (Canon of Economy):

(Government Treasuries) (TaxCollection) :

:

: ,

1] (Reliance on Indirect Taxes):

,

, [ 2007-08 /

66% 34% ]


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2] (Arbitrary and Irrational Nature) : - 3] (Instability/Uncertainly) : -

4] (Scope For Tax Evasion) :

5] (Narrow base) :

6] (Inelastic Nature) : , ,

[, , ]

7] (Complex Nature Taxes ) : , 8] (Multiplicity of Taxes):

[, , ]


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.. 1998

65 70 % 13.5 % 30 35 %

8 % :1] 2] 3] ,

, 4] , ,

: / 5] ,

6]

7] ,

, , 8] , 9] 10]

11] 12]

13] , [. ]14] [ ,

, , , ]

,

-

, -

, ,

, :


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:1) *: , (Custom & Excise duty)

* ,

2) (Bank Transaction Tax) (Single Point Deduction) (, 2% ) 2% , , (, 2% 70 % ,0.60 % , 0.35% , 0.35 % )3) .50 .1000,500,100 4) ( . 2000 )

5) (Bank Transaction Tax)

4 - :1] Transaction Point

2] [Clearing Houses] 24 [ 6 4

]3] : 4] [] 0.35 %

[ Credit CardDebit Card ]4 - : -1]

2]

4 - :1] 2] 3] ,

4]

[2% ] 5]

4 - - / -

= + */

* TransactionMoney = Currency Money + Bank Money/ Demand Deposit

(Narrow Money) M1 *Money Withdrawable by Cheque

11,00, 000 = 6, 04, 000 + 4,96, 000

2008 ., : www. rbi.org.in

- 1


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2007-08 8,550 . [36,85,400 . ] / [0.035% ]

36,85,400 . 0.035% = 13,000 .

2007-2008 8,74,120/- . 0.93% / ,

2008-09 5,07,150 . [0.7% ]

R = , [M1]

R*

20%5,62,000

+

30%8,43,000

+

40%11,24,000

+

50%14,05,000

+

60%16,87,00

+

* .

,

2008-09 5,09,927 . [0.6% ]

R = , [M1]

R

*

20%

4,82,000

30%

7,23,000

40%

9,64,000

50%

12,05,000

60%

14,46,000

* .

- 2

: - (GDP)

(GDP)

50 70

110 20 ()

, = 20 [] =

[GDP]2007-08 GDP = 47,00,000 .

= 20 x 47,00,000= 9,40,00,000 . /

= x 100

(%) = x 100

= 8,74,120 . x 100

9,40,00,000 .= 0.93%


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4 - : -1] ,

2] (FiscalDeficit)

3] , 4] , ,

/ 5]

6]

[ , ]7] 8] ,,

/ 9] /

10] [- ,

2% 2.5 % 0.5% ]11]

12]

13] [ (Manufacturing) (Trading)

- ]14]

15] 0.7% 16]

17] :

18]

19] [ , ] ,

- [

] 20] Floating Money

[ 30, 60, 90 Payment terms

(Immediate Payment) ] 21]

- ,


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/ 22] ,,

1] ?

. 50 2] ?

(Golden Handshake)

3] ?

.50

2000 /-

4] / ? (Tax Net)

[ + + + = + = ] /

/ / / 5]

?

6] ?

[ 0.0175% ]7] (Barter) ?

/

(CreaditExpansion)


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8] ?

9] ?

, 10] ?

(Voluntury Disclosure of IncomeScheme)

[ , ]11] ?

[ , ,

, ]

,

90 [ ] - ` `

-

[] - [High Powered]

:1] : 2]

,

/ - 1] - [ ] [ -. 100 , , 110 110 .100 = 11,000 . 5 2200 . ] (Nominate) , 60%11,000 . 60/100 = 6,600 . 6,600 . -


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2] : : 10 x 100 = .1000 5 [ ]3] :

: 10 x 100 = .10 5 [ ]

[ ]

[] , ,

; . 10 , .5 . 1 , , . 50 .10 ,

+ : 785

x.10

x12

= . 942

: .5 50

[. ]

+ : 336

x

.5 x12

= .219

: .50

[. ]

: 100x.1

x12

= .12

.250

6,600 30 % = .1,980

6,600 25 % = .1,650

6,600 20 % = .1,320

6,600 15 % = .990

6,600 10 % = .660

30 %

25 %

20 %

15 %

10 %5 %


20/37

, :1]

/ (Talent) (Career) [ : : 11,000 .25,000/- [ ]: 350 . ]2] / [votes]

3]

4] : 5]

6]

12] / ?

, 1]

, , 2] [ /- / ]3] , ,

4] , /

[ / www.arthakranti.org ]

5]


21/37

:

, )

.1, 7 :1) ( ) (Income Tax )2) (Corporation Tax )3) (Customs Duties )4) / ( ) (Excise duty)5) ( )6) ( )7) ( ) (Stamp Duties)8) (Stock Exchange )

9) - 10) 11) (,,

) (Terminal Tax )12) (Sale/Purchase Tax)

) 2 11

:1) (Land Revenue)2) 3)

4) 5) 6) (Excise Duty)7) 8) ( )9) 10) , 11) (Stamp Duty)12) , -

13) , , 14) (Tolls)15) , 16) (Tax on Capital)17)

) : (Octroi),


22/37

:http://www.r

ba.go

v.au/Statistics/tabel_

3_

281108.xls

:http://www.p

bc.gov.cn/english/diaochatongji/tongjishuju/gofile.asp?file=2007So7.htm

:http://www.ec

b.int/press/pdf/md/md0705.p

df

:http://www.boj.or.jp/en/type/stat/dlong/fin_

stat/mon

ey/cdab0085.csv

:http://www.bok.or.kr/contents_

admin/info_

admin/eng/home/press/pressre/info/2008

04monetarystatistics1.p

df

:http://www.r

bnz.g

ovt.nz/statistics/monfin/c1/data.htm

:http://www.c

br.ru/eng/statistics/credit_

statistics/mon_

supply_

07_

e.htm

:http://www.mas.gov.sg/data_room/msb/Highlights_

of_Monetary_

and_

Financial_

Developments.h

tml

:http://www.bankofengland.co.u

k/statistics/ms/2008/Aug/taba2.3.x

ls

:http://www.federa

lreserve.gov/pubs/supplement/2008/11/table1_

21.h

tm

:http://rbidocs.r

bi.org.in/rdocs/PressRelease/PDFs/85273.p

df

:

- 9822959263 - 9423456220 - 9823447787

- 9821087115 - 9869201258 - 9850000313 - 9822058051 - 9890947640 - 9422112720 - 9373106435

- 9422964600 - 9890100984 - 9822092417 - 9422400797

- 9423261841 - - 9011886060 - 9822759519 - 9970188038 - 9373901035 - 9422065656

. - 9423974675 - 9372111193

- 9373155551 - 9881150862 . - 9420038796


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...

. 50/- !

!

,

,

: :

/ .:- :

: /

/ !!

/

()


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Arthakranti Hindi Book