Arthro means jointPoda means foot

“joint-foot”

By: Holly Kwikkel and Brandon Steggall

HabitatCan Live In:• Deserts• Caves• Streams• Inside plants• Inside animals• Seas• Freshwater• On land

Can not live in:• EXTREMELY cold

conditions

SeaDesert

Extremely COLD

conditions

Importance to HumansAssist in:

• Nutrient recycling• Producing silk,

waxes, dyes, and honey

• Pollinate our crops• Eat many harmful

insects

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Uniqueness

• Some types of insects don’t even contain a male species.

• Arthropods make up ¾ of all animal Species.

• They can walk, crawl, climb, hop, fly, glide, swim, skate, and dive. Almost every type

of locomotion imaginable.

How do they support their shape?

• They are surrounded by a segmented body enclosed in a tough, jointed external skeleton called the “exoskeleton.”

• The exoskeleton is made of chitin and sclerotin.• It provides placesfor muscle attatchment

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Advantages & Disadvantages of the Exoskeleton

ADVANTAGES• It supports their

body.• It protects them

against predators.• It is water tight

which keeps arthropods from drying out.

DISADVANTAGES• Since it is hard,

they grow bigger so the shell no longer fits.

• Because of this, they have to go through molting.

How do they breath?• Aquatic species breath through gills• Insects consist of a series of open tubes

called TRACHEAE. • Gases diffuse through the tracheae.• Tracheae run through the body and open

at the surface through holes called spiracles.

SPIRACLES

Reproduction• Some eggs develop

internally and the young are born alive.

• Insect eggs ordinarily develop only if they have been fertilized but some undergo parthenogenesis which means they develop without fertilization.

• Metamorphosis is the process in which they reproduce.

Example: Life cycle of a butterfly

Larva

Pupa

Adult Butterfly

Eggs

The Nervous System• It consists of a ganglion called the brain

located in the head• A pair of connectives pass around the

alimentary canal and a ventral nerve cord• Nerves extend from the brain and nerve

cord to various parts of the body• Organs of taste and smell are located on

the mouth parts, antennae, and feet• Special hairs are sensitive to sound waves

The Circulatory System• They have an open circulatory system• A well developed heart pumps blood

through arteries into small vessels from which it flows into spaces called sinuses.

• The muscles slosh the blood to bathe the body tissue

• Eventually, the blood collects in a large sinus surrounding the heart

• It goes in the heart and starts over again

The Excretory System• Consists of a number of tubes (malpighian

tubules) that empty into the alimentary tract.

• Wastes from the blood enter these tubes and pass into the alimentary track and to the outside by the way of the anus.

• Aquatic arthropods excrete nitrogenous gas wastes by allowing ammonia to diffuse across gill surfaces.

Digestive System• They have a

complete digestive system.

• An insect uses its digestive system to extract nutrients and other substances from the food it consumes.

Click on me to learn more about the Digestive system!!

Examples• Spiders• Scorpions• Centipedes• Lobsters• Crabs• Snow bugs• Shrimp• Millipedes

• Mites• Horse crabs• Bees• Dragonflies• Beetles• Bugs• Grasshoppers• Flies

Classes of Arthropods• Chelicerates

– Spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites

– They have 6 pairs of jointed appendages

• Crustaceans– Lobsters, crabs,

snow bugs, shrimp– They have 10 pairs

of jointed appendages

More Classes• Uniramians

– Centipedes, millipedes

– They have more than 6 jointed appendages

• Insects– Beetles,

grasshoppers, flies– Springtails at

densities as high 100,000,000 per square meter in the ordinary farm soil of Iowa U.S.A.

Imagine millions of these in the ground!!

Works Cited• Arnett, H. Ross. “Insect classification and systematics.”

American Insects. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., 1985. 10-13.

• “Arthropods.” Kidport Reference Library: Science. 1998-2007. Kidport. 31April 2008. www.kidport.com/reflib/science/animals/arthropds.htm

• Borror, J. Donald, and Richard E. White. Insects. Boston, Massachsetts: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1970.

• Carter, J. Stein. “Biology at University of Cincinnati Clermont College.” Clermont College. 9 October 2006. University of Cincinnati. 31 April 2008. www.biology.clc.uc.edu/

• Klots, B. Alexander, and Elsie B. Klots. Living Insects of the World. New York, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1975.

• Levine, Joseph, and Kenneth R. Miller. “Animals: Invertebrates.” Biology the Living Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998. 447-453.

• Rowland-Entwistle. The World You Never See: Insect Life. United States: Rand McNally & Company, 1976.