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Artists, Writers and Scientists of the Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
• Italian painter, sculptor, inventor, engineer, scientist and mathematician.
• The classic “Renaissance Man”.
• Best known works include “Mona Lisa” and “Vitruvian Man”.
Leonardo’s works
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)
• Italian painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer.
• Most famous works include “David” and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Michelangelo’s “David”
Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)
• Italian painter who lived in Florence.
• His best known works include “The Birth of Venus” and “Primavera”.
“The Birth of Venus”, 1486
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)
• Italian architect and engineer.
• Best known for designing the dome of the Florence cathedral.
The Florence Cathedral
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1652)
• Italian painter born in Rome.
• She was the first female painter to become a member of the Accademia di Arte del Disegno in Florence.
• Famous works include “Judith Beheading Holofernes”.
Some of her works
Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374)
• Italian scholar, poet, and early Renaissance humanist.
• Modelled his work after Latin poets like Cicero, Virgil and Seneca.
• His sonnets were admired throughout Europe.
Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375)
• Italian poet, author, and Renaissance humanist.
• He was a friend and student of Petrarch.
• His best known works include the “Decameron” and “On Famous Women”.
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
• Italian political philosopher, humanist diplomat and writer who lived in Florence.
• Wrote “The Prince”, a guide to rulers on how to maintain their power.
Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)
• Spanish novelist, poet and playwright.
• His masterpiece, Don Quixote, is considered to be the first modern novel, and a classic of Western literature.
Jan van Eyck (1395-1441)
• Flemish painter, considered one of the best Northern European painters of the 15th Century.
• Best known for portraits and religious scenes.
Some of his works
Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516)
• Early Dutch Renaissance painter.
• Used fantastic imagery to illustrate moral and religious concepts.
• Best known work is “The Garden of Earthly Delights”.
“The Garden of Earthly Delights”
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
• German painter, printmaker and mathematician.
• Known for his religious works, portraits and landscapes.
• Used mathematical principles such as proportion and perspective.
Dürer’s “Rhinoceros”
Pieter Bruegel (1525-1569)
• Flemish Renaissance painter and printmaker.
• His work was influenced by Bosch.
• Best known for his landscapes and peasant scenes.
The Tower of Babel (1563)
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)
• Dutch painter, printmaker and etcher.
• Considered one of the greatest European artists of all time.
• Best known for his portraits and biblical scenes.
“Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp”
Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468)
• German goldsmith, printer and publisher who invented modern book printing
• His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution, one of the most important events in the modern world.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
• Polish astronomer, mathematician and physician.
• The first person to come up with the theory that the earth was not the centre of the universe.
• Believed that the sun was the centre of the universe.
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
• German mathematician, astronomer and scientist.
• Best known for Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, which laid the foundation for Isaac Newton’s theory of universal gravitation.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
• Italian physicist, mathematician, physician and astronomer.
• His invention of the telescope has led to him being called the “father of modern astronomy”.
• Also discovered that falling objects accelerate at a uniform rate.Used his study of tides to prove that the earth moved.
Galileo and the Inquisition• Galileo supported Copernicus’ ideas that the earth was
not the centre of the universe.
• He believed that the earth moved, which he tried to prove using his study of tides.
• He published his “Dialogue Concerning Two World Systems” in 1632, defending Copernicus’ ideas against the idea that the earth was the centre of the universe.
• After it was published, he was tried by the Roman inquisition, which found him guilty of heresy.
• He was forced to deny his beliefs and spent the rest of his life under house arrest.
Galileo Facing the Roman Inquisition