Asgnmt Applctn Mis

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ASSIGNMENT - III

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Topic: MIS Application in Manufacturing & Service industry

Submitted on: 05-11-2012

Submitted to, Submitted by,

Ms. Bitha.S.Mani MAHIMA ANIL

Faculty 1105525

IMK Varkala MBA III Semester

IMK Varkala


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CONTENTS

Contents Page No.

Introduction

Application of MIS in Manufacturing Industry

Personnel Management Marketing Management Finance Management Production Management Materials Management

Application of MIS in Service Industry

Airlines Hotels Hospitals Banking insurance Utilities & Finance

Conclusion

References

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INTRODUCTION

Management Information Systems is defined as a system which helps the management

to achieve the organizational goals. MIS can be grouped into business function categories;

however, in the real world information systems are typically integrated combinations of

functional information systems. Functional business systems are composed of a variety of

types of information systems (transaction processing, management information, decision

support, etc.) that support the business functions of:

Accounting

Finance

Marketing

Productions/Operations Management Human Resource Management.

There is a strong emphasis in many organizations to develop such composite or cross-

functional information systems that cross the boundaries of traditional business functions in

order to reengineer and improve vital business processes. These organizations view cross-

functional information systems as a strategic way to share information resources and improve

the efficiency and effectiveness of a business, thus helping it attain its strategic objectives.

Business firms are turning to Internet technologies to integrate the flow of information among

their internal business functions and their customers and suppliers. Companies are using the

World Wide Web and their intranets and extranets as the technology platform for their cross-

functional and inter-organizational information systems.

Application of MIS in manufacturing sector is a process of developing an MIS model

application which helps the manufacturing sector for achieving its objectives and goals.

MIS in service industry consists of all the basic applications such as personal, payroll,

inventory etc., plus the important application called mission critical application. This helps

to offer the distinctive service to the customers.

APPLICATION OF MIS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

In a manufacturing concern various functions are to be performed and according to

the functions various departments are formed. MIS fulfills the need of these departments. The

departments are personnel, marketing, accounting and finance, production, materials. Each


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department has its own management functions. As per these management functions, MIS

modules are developed to help the managers.

When these systems are integrated a cross functional information system is formed.

The cross functional system gives the effect of decision in one area of business on the other.

The integrated system provides the necessarydata and information for tactical planning for

middle level management and strategic planning for top level management.

Application of MIS in a manufacturing sector is studied for the following functional areas.

1. Personnel management

2. Marketing management

3. Finance management4. Production management

5. Materials management

1. MIS for Personnel Management:

Personnel management has the primary objective of providing suitable manpower in

number and with certain ability, skills and knowledge, as the business organization demands

from time to time. Its goal is to control personnel cost through continuous increase in

manpower productivity resorting to the following techniques:

a) Motivation through Leadership and Job Enrichment

b) Grievance Handling

c) Structuring the Organization

d) Promotion and Rewards through Performance Appraisal

e) HRM through Training and Upgrading the Skills

The information and scope of personnel function have resulted in greater complexity in field.

There is need to cope with incredible volume of information and maintaining it. There is need

to classify, reclassify and cross this information. This can be achieved by computerized

personnel system which enables personnel management to manage more efficiently and

effectively and to provide more positive services to the organization.

Input for Personnel Development: The following documents serve as the input in personnel

information system:

o Productivity Data on the Job

o Industry Data on Manpower, Skills, Qualificationo Bio-Data of Self and Family


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o Personnel Application Form

o Attendance and Leave Record

o Appraisal Form

o Appointment Letter

o Wage/ Agreement

o Record Sources of Manpower, University, Institutes, and Companies

Components of Personnel Information:

A computer based personnel information system is designed to support the operational,

managerial and decision making functions of the personnel division in an organization.

Following are the components of the personnel management information system:

i) Establishment Records: Establishment relates to the setting up of budgets for appropriate

staff levels and grades throughout the organization. The system should encompass these

budgeted posts and report on variations between actual staff numbers and the budget

numbers.

ii) Recruitment Records: Details of all vacancies and applicants should be held by the

system. These should show the status of each vacancy and of each applicant and should

perform as much as possible of the administrative process. This will generally mean that the

system should interface with a word processing system.

iii) Personnel Records: These relate to identification data, current and historical salary and

allowances data and various employees attributes such as grades and key dates.

iv) Pensions Records: The system maintains all details of service entitlements of employees,

contribution by both the employee and the organization to pension scheme, details of

dependents, spouse and children, data required for actuarial purpose to verify the availability

of the scheme and details and entitlements of employees who have become pensioners.

v) Training Records: These include data relating to each employees qualification, skills and

experience. The system would also hold details of internal and external training courses and

its relevant details.

vi) Absence records : The system should allow for the recording of various absence types

like sick leave, special leave etc. Input of this sub-system should be automatically reflected in

the establishment sub-system.

vii) Industrial relations records : The system should hold data to assist management in

negotiations and planning for alternative strategies. Much of this would be held for normal

administrative purpose. It is the facility to extract the data in meaningful terms, to able to

project forward and to test the impact of applying various rules and scenarios.


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2. MIS for Marketing Management:

In order to pursue market opportunities as well as anticipate marketing problem,

manager need to collect comprehensive and reliable information. Managers cannot carry out

marketing analysis, planning, implementation and control without monitoring and

researching customers, competitors, dealers and their sales and cost data. Every firm has

many information flows of interest to marketing management. Many companies are studying

their executives information needs and design information system for marketing to meet

these needs. Instead of plethora of unrelated data, an MIS combines various inputs and

present integrated reports.

Definition: Marketing Information System is a continuing and interacting structure of people,

equipments and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute pertinent, timely

and accurate information for use by marketing decision makers to improve their marketing

planning, implementation and control activities.

Components of Marketing Information System: As shown in figure below, the box on the

left shows components of the marketing environment that manager must monitor. Trends in

the marketing environment are picked up and analyzed through four subsystems making up

the marketing information system- Internal Accounting System, Marketing Intelligence

System, Marketing Research System and Analytical Marketing System.

Internal Accounting System is the most basic information system used by marketing

executives. It is the system that reports orders, sales inventory levels, receivable, and payable.

By analyzing the information, marketing managers can spot important opportunities and

problems.

The Order Shipping Cycle: Sales representatives, dealers and customers dispatchorders to the firm. The order department prepares multi-copy invoice and sends them

to various departments. Out of stock items are back ordered.


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Shipped items are accompanied and sent to various departments. The company wants

to carry out these steps quickly and accurately. The computer is harnessed to expedite

the order shipping billing cycle.

Improving the Timeliness or Sales Reports: Marketing executives receive salesreports some times, after the sales have taken place. Many companies complain that

sales are not reported fast enough in their company. Marketing information system

can improve these things rapidly.

Designing a User Oriented Report System: In designing an advanced salesinformation system, the company should avoid certain pitfalls.

The marketing information system should represent a cross between what managers think

they need, what managers really need and what is economically feasible. Management

information system should provide the reports for all marketing departments.

Information system can delete the unwanted system from the survey and from other

departments and prepare reports which are required by different persons of marketing

department.

3. MIS for Financial Management :

Financial management function has a primary objective of meeting the financial needs of the

business. The second objective of FM is to meet the statutory compliance by way of declaring

the auditing financial result, submitting reports and returns to the govt. and Tax authorities

and fulfil the obligations to the shareholders. FM uses variety of tools and techniques like

Break Even Analysis, ABC Analysis, Ratio Analysis, Management Accounting and Cost

Analysis.

Input Documents :

o Receipts from customers, authorities, employees, shareholders, financial institution and

others.o Payment to suppliers, authorities, share holders, financial institutions and others.

o Data from stock exchange on the shares prices consolidated financial results of the other

companies etc.

Transactions are payments and receipts and they are documented through journal vouchers,

bills, debit notes, credit notes, receipts and transfer documents.

Application of Financial Management Information System : The major application of

financial management information system includes financial accounting system, which

accounts for the financial transactions of the company and produces financial results for the


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company. It produces balance sheet for the company where the performance of the company

is published in standard format prescribed by the govt. The system is made so comprehensive

that it not only collects financial data but also collects data on different matters such as job,

department, and division and so on. It forms a basis for certain reports which are required by

the top level management. The users of the financial data base are finance managers, cost

controller, auditors, material managers, marketing managers, company secretaries and the top

management.

4. MIS for Production Management :

The objective of production management function is to provide manufacturing

services to the organization. This involves the manufacturing of products of a certain

specified quality and within certain costs in a stipulated time, fulfilling the promises given to

the customer.

The production management function is supported by other functions like production,

planning and control, industrial engineering, maintenance and quality control. It has a very

strong interface with materials management function. The organization of production

management differs according to the types of production i.e. job shop or continuous. It also

varies with the production policy of the organization, like whether the production is initiated

against a customer order or for stock.

The system methodology differs with respect to the manufacturing technology the

organization has adopted. The goals of the production management are fuller utilization of

the manufacturing capacity, minimal rejection, maximum uptime of plans and equipments

meeting the delivery promises. The function is of key importance when business strength is

in technology and manufacturing, and the market for product and services exist. The function

is pegged with the responsibility of managing high investment in plant, equipment and

machinery. It also has to control the large labour force at its disposal.

Inputs of Production Management Information System : The production management is

conducted through innumerable transaction. They relate to planning, issuing and controlling

the various task involved in the course of production.

i) Process Planning Sheet

ii) Quality Assurance Rating Form

iii) Production Schedule

iv) Process Planning Sheet

v) Job Cards

vi) Finished Goods Advice


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vii) Material Requisition

viii) Customer Order

ix) Breakdown Advice

x) Material requirement

xi) Production Programme

The production management also uses standards and norms extensively developed

over a period of time as input in the system. These are generally known as production rate

available capacity, labour components, material usage standards, rejection norms etc.

Documents mentioned above are indicative and may be more or less different,

depending upon the type of production and nature of production of industry. The input data in

each transaction would also vary from industry to industry as would the production

methodology adopted by the organization. The system and procedures used by the

organization in performing the production function also vary respectively.

Components of Production Management Information System :

The components of production management information system include:

a) Sales department to find out what the customer wants and to compare this with what the

firm can provide.

b) Design department to design new requirements and make modifications in established

items either to bring them up to date or to make them meet a specific requirement of the

customer.

c) Purchasing department buys the material required at the best possible price and on the

most reliable delivery to make the various items either on one off basis for individual job or

replenish material held in the stores on maximum and minimum levels

d) Manufacturing process sees that the parts are produced as economically as possible for

delivery at the time required by the customer and to meet the standards set by the design

department.

5. MIS for Materials Management :

Objectives:

To provide material for production, maintenance and service at economicalprices in an appropriate quantity and quality

Material procurement, stocking and inventory management Searching new substitutes to reduce the cost of materials Reduction of inventory Issue of materials Inspection & quality control.


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These subsystems are used to fulfill the functional needs of accounting & query, analysis,

decision making and control

(1) Accounting:

Material management account for several entities as

a. Purchase quantity

b. Issue quantity

c. Present stock

d. Rejections

e. Consumption

f. Cost of purchase.

From above entities valuable data for preparing different reports may be collected hence

accounting is one of the important functions of materials management system.

(ii) Query:

In materials management queries concerns with supplier, pricing, stock level, payments and

purchase prices.

(iii)Decision Analysis:

Decision analysis mainly concerns with the price of an item. The price of the same item may

vary from supplier to supplier. Price is influenced by reliability & quality of material. Hence

various aspects are to be considered while deciding the price.

Stocking of item is the other major issue for decision. Stocking decision means whether it is

necessary to stock the material, what should be the inventory level, reordering quantity, etc.

The third major decision of materials management is controlling of item. The systems of

control are:

-Fixed Order Quantity (FOQ)

-Reorder Level (ROL)-Varying Order Quantity.

Different methods of analyzing inventory are available to decide inventory control

policy.

(iv) Control:

The control function in materials management is exercised on:

- Capital blocked in the inventory.

- Stock affecting the production activity.


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- Reliability and dependability of suppliers.

- Cost of purchase.

The capital blocked in the inventory is compared with budgeted amount- The delivery

promise and material quality is rated to arrive at performance index at supplier and compared

with the norm.

Analyzing above results helps in finding substitute item or other dealer. Also instead of

importing, indigenous supply is economical. Thus control application is useful in making

these decisions.

(v) Reports:

In materials management systems most reports are based on accounting applications and

decision analysis systems. Reports can also be displayed on screen also are developed to

answer adhoc queries on price stock, specifications supplier etc. Reports are produced on

regular intervals.

APPLICATION OF MIS IN SERVICE INDUSTRY

Service Sector is dealing with different types of services to the customer, like

manufacturing sector it does not have physical goods to manufacture. The main objective of

service sector is to provide most satisfying service to the customer.

In service sector certain services must be carefully managed to provide efficient and

effective service to the customer. Unique services can make organization to create an

identity, growth and remains ahead of competition. Hence a sensitive market research is

necessary to identify the customer market segment to be served.


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The service industry consists of some of the major applications which need to be

controlled in a very good way for getting the best stuff out of them. By these applications, the

service organization becomes efficient in the nature and then is able to provide with the best

type of the services to the customer. In the todays world, there occurs a tremendous

competition between the companies in order to achieve the maximum profit and this

competition also exists a lot in the marketing world, one company directly or indirectly

always tries to show the other company inferior to it. So in this competitive scenario, one of

the major needs of the industry is to get a service distinction, in order to create a position and

a particular identity and growth to remain ahead of the various other industries.

In the service sector, the identification of the segment to be served can be obtained by

the sensitive market and also with the help of the consumer research. The service demands

are very dynamic in the nature and as a result of all this, for the upgradation of the service

facilities, it is very much necessary to conduct a research on the requirements, expectations

and the perceptions.

Principle of Distinct Service

1. Listen, understand and respond to the customers.

2. Establish service strategy.

3. Set standards and measure performance select, train the employees to work.

4. Recognize and reward the accomplishments.

MIS Applications in Service Industry

Nowadays MIS is useful in almost all service industries. Every service industry wants to

provide distinctive services to the customer. Typical service industries where MIS is used are

1. Airlines2. Hotels

3. Hospitals

4. Banking insurance

5. Utilities & Finance

1. Airlines

The objective of airlines is to move people and goods from one location to other safely on

time. Good services in airlines are:


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Convenience time. Reasonable Rates. Travel Comfort Meal Quality Customer Treatment Staff Services Facilities at airport.

Distinctive Services can be:- Assistance in Travel Managements

- Hotel Accommodation

- Surface Transport Facility

- Solving Passengers Problems without hassle

For managing services to the customers / passengers. Following information isnecessary for managerial decisions:

1. Passenger Information

2. Information on the aviation industry.

1. Passenger Information

Passengers Personal information is collected to enable the management to provide

personalized services. Personal information includes:

(i)Purpose at travel (tourist / non tourist).

(ii) Socio-economic class.

(iii) Duration & destination.

(iv) Eating Habits.

(v) LanguageCommunication.

(vi) Expectations from Service.

The information collected is the input to the MIS, this helps to offer suitablepackages to the customer for maximum satisfaction, e.g. passengers can be tourist,

non-tourists, domestic, international traveler, family or single. Each category of

customer has different expectations of services form airline industry. Therefore it is

necessary to provide suitable service package as per the need.

Depending on the type and class of passenger different fare category can be offered

which passenger can be offered. Also different fares can be offered for off season,

family, tourists etc. The package may include pre-travel and post-travel services.

2.Information on Aviation Industry

Even though best service package is designed it is of no use if is not implemented properly.


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Also when safety, security and availability of lanes is doubtful the best package is failed.

Therefore MIS is designed by considering following factors:

- Infrastructure Facilities.

- Conditions of Planes

- Critical Spares

- Skilled Staff.

MIS helps in planning and control management strategy. MIS is also important in strategy

formulation and implementation of distinct services.

2. Hotel Management

Hotel is aplace of convenience where people can stay. Now a day the concept of hotelhas

been changed, people look for distinctive services as different people are using hotel. Hotels

are designed for individuals, business executive, families, tourist groups etc. To fulfill the

needs of different customer segments star hotels have emerged to service as per their budgets.

Hotel Management likes to provide better services to all the customers. Hotel management

always look for high hotel occupancy with satisfied customer.

The role of MIS in hotel management is to provide information support to assess the

customer expectations, their perceptions and to satisfy them. The use of MIS for hotel

management is as under:

1. Keep track of customer profile

2. Monitoring occupancy status.

3. Projecting Future needs.

4. Monitoring expectations.

5. Monitoring communication needs.

6. Customer Database.

1. Keep track of Customer Profile:

Customer profile is prepared to anticipate the expectations. It also helps in anticipating

customer perceptions about their services and process of offering the services. Hotel

management can use this data for decisions on infrastructure amenities investments like

shopping mall, swimming pool, casino, different restaurants, recreation centre, transport, etc.

2. Monitoring Occupancy Status:

Higher occupancy is desirable; MIS provide the present occupancy status. It also provides the

reason why the occupancy is less. This helps management to revise tariff, oiler different

tariffs according to seasons, discounts, personalized services. All these factors may improve


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the occupancy level and hence the revenue.

3. Projecting Future Needs:

MIS is used for projecting future needs of the customers. Considering the future needs hotel

management makes suitable changes to attract customers e.g. now hotels can be used as place

for business meetings, conferences exhibitions, marriage, receptions and other entertainment

purposes. Hotel management modifies infrastructure suitably to cater the needs of customers.

4.Monitoring Expectations:

Customerexpectations on service differ from each other, Customer expectations may be on

following criteria:

a. Fast and slow service.

b. Manner of offering service.

c. Process of offering service.

d. Effective service.

Efficient and effective service results from training, understanding and knowledge of

manpower. Speed of process resulting from strength and competence ofmanpower. MIS

monitors the expectations and manpower needs.

5. Monitoring Communication Needs:

For interacting with customer communication is required, hence all hotel staffs must

upgrade the knowledge and skill of communication. Hotel staff must learn to greet different

customers in different way, give necessary information about facilities or amenities.

MIS monitors such communication needs. MIS identifies need of training to employees to

provide quality services to customers.

6. Customer Database:

Hotel management maintains a database ofcustomers which keeps record of personal

information i.e. name, address, room choice, food choice special interests and contact

numbers. The record is used by hotel management to build strong personal relationship so

that a sense ofcare and concern may be developed.

MIS manages front and back office systems. Front end system is used for customer

handling and back end system is used how commercial use such as billing, accounting,

correspondence, etc.

3. Hospitals Management

Hospitals have changed their views towards customers, instead of medical and clinical


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assistance now hospitals provide total healthcare with a concern for the people who need it.

Hospitals are like business organization with a mission ci best health care for people. The

scope and service offered by hospitals include & health care guidance, preventive care, posts

clinical attention, advice etc.

MIS plays a vital role in managing hospital resources like operation theatre, xr ay,

pathological labs, medical diagnostic equipments, hospital beds, medicines, blood banks,

surgeon, anesthetist, and physician and nursing staff. Resources planning also include

emergency requirements of patients which cannot be predicted. The MIS applications in

hospital management can be divided into two categories.

I. Front End Applications:

(I) Patient database.

(ii) Medical Server Database.

(iii) Resource Planning and Control.

(iv) Medical Case history database.

2. Back Office Applications:

(i) Core Application

(ii) Critical Control Applications

Front End Applications

Front end applications include primary information about the patients. Front end

applications are mainly supported by

(i) Patient Database

Patient database is used to handle the queries on existing patients. The queries may be from

a doctor or any staff member of hospital.

(ii)Medical Server Database

Medical Server database contains name and address of important service centers fromwhere services can be obtained in case of emergency. The database includes list of clinical

laboratories, blood banks and diagnostic centers.

Medical Server database also includes details of medical support staff e.g. doctor, nurses,

pathologists, radiologists, and anesthetist and Lab technicians. The details of each staff like

time, address, emergency Contact number, working hours, holidays etc.

(iii) Resource Planning and control:

Resource planning and control Is used for deploying the resources efficiently and

effectively. The resource capabilities are identified and they can be put in proper use.

Resource planning and control also involves answering queries on availabilities of

resources, scheduling and rescheduling of resources.

(iv) Medical History Database:

Medical history database is used for


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- guidance and research

- diagnosis purpose

- deciding health care strategy

- Judgment of side effects.

- Determining patients response.Back Office Applications

Back Office applications include care applications and critical control applications.

(1) CareApplications:

Care applications at MIS is helpful for

Manpowerplanning

- Hospital billing and its recovery

Planning and control function.

- Financial accounting

- Capital budgeting

- Maintenance of resources.

(ii) Critical Control Applications:

Critical Control applications provide the basic standards for control. The exception reports

obtained can beused by management in planning and control. It keeps track of in planning

and control. It keeps track of:

Patients waiting time.

Patient service time.

Non use of critical resources.

Expiry date ofcritical drugs,

- Statistical data about patient visiting.

Periodical review of revenue generation. Analysis of delay in serving patient.

Details of patients cannot be serviced due to i.1r.itructurr or

Thus MIS supports almost all functions of hospital management. Fig. summarizes

applications of MIS in hospital management.

4. Banking & Insurance

Banking is a place where the financial services are offered, viz. checking, saving and

providing credit to customers. Customer choose the banks on-


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The ease of doing business The quality of personnel and service The range of the financial services.

Information systems are important to design MIS for banking systems

-Customer Database

-Service

-To the customer

-For business promotions

MIS for Insurance MIS handles three major areas of insurance company:

The development of new policies.

The settlement of claims.

Administrations and Management of policies.

Information for New Policy Development- Finding out the risk incidence cost of risk management, identifying the conditions for giving

the insurance offer

- Assessment of insurance premium.

- It is focused on the trend in the business and industry.

- They must identify the risk possibilities and covering then by appropriate insurance policy

The Settlement of Claims This is very critical application in the MIS and it needs effective design, so that managers

can take easy decisions. Reports generated by MIS should bring out exception reports on the claim pending, their

disputes, not settled and rejected claims due to certain reasons.

Administrations and Management of Policies Many a times you forgot to pay the premium in time. This results in laps of policy.

You need to renew a policy in that case if you want yourself to be benefited from the policy.

This is a critical application in the insurance business, which manages the existing policies

of the policy holders.

Management of policy includes, renewal of the policy and revision of the policy.

MIS must help in generating automatic reminder service and generating letters to that

respect.

5. Utilities & Finance

MIS is used for various business utilities e.g. electricity board, telephone, gas, licensing,

water supply, credit cards etc. All such applications have large number of inputs as large

number of beneficiaries of the services.

Input to such systems are name, addresses, code of measuring unit i.e. meter number

telephone number, policy number, license number and quantity of supply i.e. meter units,


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telephone calls, quantity consumed and period for which data is recorded. The output is a bill,

notice or claim.

Because of MIS, utilities billing process has become now fast and the cost of service is

reduced as overheads are reduced. Also the paper work has reduced considerably.

Fund Raising Application

For any business operation funds are to be raised from various sources: The source is

selected based on eligibility, cost and profitability of the source. Major available sources are

shares, fixed deposits and bonds Some parameters are to be monitored as governed the laws,

rules and regulations. Parameterized software application is developed to monitor these

regulations.

Details From fund raising applications are to be recorded e.g. applicants name, address,

name of bank, branch, cheques details,brokers name, amount, Signature etc. All the details

are input data for the system Then the administration and execution of public issue is done by

the broker & banker. A fund raising application has three stepsapplication processing,

scheme accounting, warrant reminders printing as shown in fig.

MIS: Service Industry

MIS in service business is supported by three factors i.e. people, process and technology. In

other words it can be said that there are three dimensions of MIS in service industry as shown

in fig.


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MIS should be focus on the service needs of the people. The needs should be continuously

monitored and evaluated in order to revise the service strategy.

Once the strategy is fixed, the second factor is service process. The MIS should evaluate the

process efficiency and effectiveness for the decided operating standards.

The third important factor is service technology. Service technology decides the efficiency

and effectiveness of process. The service technology involves data communication,

information search, real time decision. When all these parameters are handled effectively,

system efficiency improves significantly. The management in service industry may rely if

appropriate technology is chosen.

There is significant difference in service quality when an appropriate technology is chosen.

The three important factors of service industry and MIS focus is summarized.

1. People Understand the need of people.

2. Process Evaluate & control process output.

3. Technology Technology Decisions.


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CONCLUSION

Application of MIS in manufacturing sector is a process of developing an MIS model

application which helps the manufacturing sector for achieving its objectives and goals. The

basic needs for this development are1. Transaction processing system concept2. Database management system concept (DBMS)

In the manufacturing sector, physical goods are to be manufactured for the customer,

but this is not the case in the service sector. Unlike the manufacturing sector, the service

sector does not involve any manufacturing of the physical goods for the customer. So

now it can be said that the Management Information Systems that are generally used in

the manufacturing and the selling organization cannot be used in the service sector.

Payroll, accounting, inventory etc form a very important part of the data processing

applications and are used in the service sector only sometimes but an important point to

be kept in mind here is that these applications are not that much critical for the service

sector. The main mission in this service sector is to provide service to the customer that

ultimately satisfies him but this is not the case in the manufacturing sector as here this

concept varies from industry to industry and from organization to organization.


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REFERENCES

1. Jawedakar.S.Waman, (2007), Management Information Systems: Text and Cases,Tata McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Barbara.C. McNurlin; Ralph.H.Sprague,Jr., (2007), Information SystemsManagement, Pearson Education Inc.

3. Singh.S.R, (2007), Information Systems Management, A P H PublishingCorporation

4. Davis.B.Gordon; Olson.H.Margrethe, (2008), Management Information Systems:Coneptual Foundations, Structure and Development, Tata McGraw Hill Companies,

Inc.