Asif Shuja Khan - PAK EPA.ppt

7/28/2019 Asif Shuja Khan - PAK EPA.ppt

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Presenter:

Asif S. Khan

DG (Pak-EPA)

(Ministry of Environment)


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Air Quality


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AIRNitrogen (78.084%)+ Oxygen (20.946%)+ Carbon Dioxide (0.033%)

Vehicles

Brick Kilns

Natural Dust

Stone

Crushers Industry

Transboundary

Pollution

Domestic

Burning

Bio-mass Burning

Garbage

Burning

COHC

NO NO2

N2OO3HC PM10

SPM

PM2.5

N2O

PM10

SPM

PM2.5PM10

SO2


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Pollution by Steel Furnaces


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Level of Suspended Particulate Matters

PM10

Source: EPD/SUPARCO/NWFP EPA/PAK-EPA

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

834

520

709

895 870

1030

230

Safe Limit

WHO Guidelines:120 g/m3Japanese Standards:200 g/m3


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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Islamabad Lahore Karachi Peshawer Quetta

20072008

2009

Particulate matter in Air

PM2.5(micro gram per cubic meter)

Safe Limit 35 ug/m3


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

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Air Quality

Islamabad

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

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July 2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

August 2009

September 2009


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0

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80

100

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October 2009

0

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250

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November 2009

0

50

100

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200

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December 2009


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0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

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0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

January 2010

February 2010

March 2010


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

April 2010

May 2010


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Lahore 20-10-2009Air Quality Index (AQI)

Good Moderate Unhealthy Severe Hazardous

0 - 25 26 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200 201 - 300

204.5

Particulate Matter ug/m3

Bad > 35

PM 2.5186.1


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Islamabad

Air Quality Index (AQI)


0 - 25 26 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200 201 - 300

70.4

Particulate Matter

Bad > 35

PM 2.555.1


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Karachi 20-10-2009

Air Quality Index (AQI)


0 - 25 26 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200 201 - 300

133.6

Particulate matter ug/m3

Bad > 35

PM2.5

95.2


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PM2.5: 17 g/m3PM2.5: 134 g/m3

Showing visible impact of High Particulate Matter


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Pre-mature deaths: 21,791 people/year

Respiratory diseases: 706,808,732 cases/year

(4.2 episodes/person/year)

Chronic bronchitis: 7,825 cases

Health Impacts


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Health End-Points Attributed Total Cases

Premature mortality adults 21,791

Mortality children under 5yrs 658

Chronic Bronchitis 7,825

Hospital Admissions 81,312

Emergency room visits/ outpatient

hospital visits

1,595,080

Restricted activity days 81,541,893

Lower respiratory illness in children 4,924,148

Respiratory symptoms 706,808,732

(Avg. 4.2 episode/person/year)

Total

Annual Costs of Health Impacts of Ambient Air

Pollution

Source: Pakistan Strategic country Environmental Assessment Report by World Bank, 2006.


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Other Effects of Air Pollution

Haze/smog (fades out colors)

Respiratory Diseases (Caught, irritation of throat very common)

Increased pre-matured deaths due to Heart Attack

High suspended particulates facilitate spreading of air

born bacteria and viruses High suspendedparticulates facilitate formation of fog causing

cancellation of flights and suspension highways

Less agricultural yield

Less Blue Sky Days

Deposition of dust on surfaces


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Vehicles on Road

1980 0.682

1985 1.288

1990 1.990

1995 3.000

2000 4.471

2005 7.084

2007 8.878

2008 9.413

2015 13.127

(Projected)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2015


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Announced National Environment Policy

Established emission standards

Installed 7 fixed and 3 mobile continuous air quality monitoring system in

federal and provincial capitals and up-gradation of EPAs laboratories

Introduced unleaded gasoline

Reduced Sulphur contents in diesel from 1% to 0.6%

Conversion of 2 million vehicles to CNG Punjab Government Initiated Green Rickshaw program in Lahore

Setup 30 model car tune up stations and set up a revolving fun to promote

energy efficiency in road transport

Establish Ambient Air Quality Standards

Adaptation of EURO-II standards by vehicle manufacturers for petrol vehicles by1st July 2009 and diesel vehicles by 2012ir Program

Approved Pakistan Clean Air Program in the 11th Meeting of the Council

MAJOR STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT


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Policy to Control Vehicular Pollution

Covered in the National Environmental Policy 2005

3.2 Air Quality and Noise

(e) Regulate vehicular emission

(f) Establish Standards for vehicles at manufacturing stage

(g) Update and enforce fuel specifications

(h) Make use of catalytic convertors in new and in-use vehicles mandatory

(i) Phase out sulphur from diesel and furnace oil

(j) Promote cleaner production technology

(k) Phase out two stroke vehicles

(l) Encourage cost effective inter-city mass transit in major cities(m) promote non-motorized means of travel such as cycling and walking

through provision of adequate walkways and cycle lanes in cities

(n) Establish and enforce standards for ambient noise

(o) Establish emission standards to control noise at source


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Pakistan Clean Air Program

PCAP Establishment of Air Quality Monitoring system Improved Quality of Conventional Fuels

Modern vehicle technology through adoption of Eurostandards

Alternate Clean Fuels LPG, CNG, dual fuel Enforcement of NEQS

Vehicle Emission testing Program Roadside inspection

Fixed Stations

Phasing out 2 stroke vehicles by 2014 Replacement of diesel buses with CNG

Urban plantation

Stopping Garbage burning


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Existing National Environmental Quality

Standards

S.No Parameter Standards (maximum

permissible limit)

Measuring method

1 Smoke 40% or 2 on the RinglemannScale during engine

acceleration mode.

To be compared withRinglemann Chart at a distance of 6

meters or more.

2 Carbon

Monoxide.

Emission Standards :

New Vehicles. Used

Vehicles.

4.5 % 6 %

Under idling conditions: Non-dispersive

infrared detection through gas analyzer.

3 Noise. 85 db (A). Sound-meter at 7.5 meters from thesource.


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Country 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

EuropeanUnion

Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5

HongKong,China

Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4

Indiaa Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro

3

Indiab Euro

1Euro 2 Euro 3

Malaysia Euro 1 Euro 2

Nepal Euro 1Philippines

Euro 1

PRC Euro 1 Euro 2Singapore Euro 1 Euro 2

Sri Lanka Euro 1

Taipei,China

US Tier 1 US Tier 2 for dieselc

Thailand Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4

Viet Namd Euro 1 Euro 4

(under consideration)Viet Nam

e Euro 1 Euro 2 Eur

o 3Euro4

ADOPTION OF EURO STANDARDS BY DIFFERENT COUNTRIES


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Required Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Quality

Gasoline DieselStandard

Lead Sulfur (ppm) Sulfur (ppm)

Euro 1 0 NA NA

Euro 2 0 500 500Euro 3 0 150 350

Euro 4 0 50a 50a

Euro 5b NA NA 50a

a : 10 PPM is in the late stages of Adoption by theEuropean Union

b : Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Only


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Agreed Standards & Time Frame

Vehicle

Categories 1st July 2009 1st July 2012*

All petrol driven Euro II -

vehicles

All diesel driven - Euro II

vehicles

*Subject to availability of required quality of fuel by the Ministry

of Petroleum and Natural Resources


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Roadside Checking of Smoke Emitting Vehicles


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A TYPICAL MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION SYSTEM

L ANE 1

L ANE 2

L ANE 3

L ANE 4

Computer Test

Report

Computer Test

Report

Computer Test

Report

SLIENCER

TEST

EMMISSION

TEST

LIGHT

TEST

WEEL

TEST

SLIP

TEST

Motor Registration Office

Motor Vehicle Examiner


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Documents

Asif Shuja Khan - PAK EPA.ppt