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Assessing Prolonged Exposures.The DRL Approach
Assessing Prolonged Exposures.The DRL Approach
National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Life- and Environmental Physics
Bogdan Vamanu, MScValentin Acasandrei, MScDan Vamanu, PhD
8th Meeting of the EMRAS Tritium & C-14 Working GroupMay 30 - June 1, 2007 - Bucharest, Romania
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
routine (tehnologically-normal) environmental releases resulting in prolonged exposures of the radiation workers (onsite) and the
population (outside)
SITINGSITING
SITINGAUTHORIZATION
SITINGMONITORING
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
The DRL is defined as the radioactive release over a year that would exposemembers of the critical group to the regulatory dose limit. In general, nuclear power plants set their operating targets for releases of each radionuclide below 1% of the DRL.
Technical Reports Series No. 42IManagement of Waste Containing Tritium and Carbon-14 - IAEA
radioactive release over a yearcritical group
releases of each radionuclide below 1% of the DRLregulatory dose limit
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Derived Release Limit (DRL): A limit imposed by the AECB on the release of a radioactive substance from a licensed nuclear facility such that compliance with the DRL gives reasonable assurance that the regulatory dose limit is not exceeded.
Radioactive Release Data from Canadian Nuclear Generating Stations 1990 to 1999. INFO-0210/REV. 10
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, October 2000
A limit imposedlicensed nuclear facility
reasonable assurance
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
From 2002 to 2004, the annual public dose was calculated using emissions to air and emissions to sewer in a worst case scenario model (i.e., a person living at the fence line 24 hours per day, 365 days per year breathing perimeter air and drinking sewer water at ICRP “reference man” recommended rates).
Information and Recommendations from Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission Staff In the Matter of
Zircatec Precision Industries Inc.
emissions to airemissions to sewer
fence line perimeter
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
When it approved the DRLs for each nuclear generating station, the AECB considered the environmental pathways through which radioactive material could reach the most exposed members of the public after being released from the facility. The most exposed members of the public are called the “critical group.”They are defined as those individuals who are expected to receive the highest dose of radiation because of such considerations as their age, diet, lifestyle and location.
Radioactive Release Data from Canadian Nuclear Generating Stations 1990 to 1999. INFO-0210/REV. 10
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, October 2000
environmental pathways
locationage, diet, lifestyle
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Radioactive release over a year
Critical group
Regulatory dose limit
Releases of each radionuclide below 1% of the DRL
A limit imposed
Licensed nuclear facility
Reasonable assurance
Emissions to air
Emissions to sewer
Fence line
Perimeter
Environmental pathways
Age, diet, lifestyle
Location
What is…
… that…
… is allowed to…
… so that the total dose aquired by an individual from the …
… selected based on …
… would not exceed ( ) the…
… , via all…
?
Problem StatementProblem Statement
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Radioactive release over a year
Critical group
Regulatory dose limit
Releases of each radionuclide below 1% of the DRL
A limit imposed
Licensed nuclear facility
Reasonable assurance
Emissions to air Emissions to sewer
Fence linePerimeter
Environmental pathways
Age, diet, lifestyle Location
What is…
… that…
… is allowed to…
… so that the total dose aquired by an individual from the …
… selected based on …
… would not exceed ( ) the…
… , via all…
?
What is the radioactive release over a year (Bq/year) that a nuclear facility is allowed to emit to environment (air, surface water, sewer) so that the total dose acquired by an individual (total effective dose equivalent – TEDE) from the critical group would not exceed (within reasonable assurance) the regulatory dose limit?
DRL
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Ensure that the facility IS operated so that
Taking into account All the individual installations, All the nuclides released to environment, All exposure pathways,
The TOTAL EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT – TEDE,POTENTIALLY acquired by an individual from the CRITICAL GROUPbe less or equal to A FRACTION, P, NEGOCIABLE,of the regulatory dose limit.
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
(…) procedure for application to radioactive discharges and is addressed to the national regulatory bodies and technical and administrative personnel responsible for performing environmental impact analyses.
(…) provides a practical generic methodology for assessing the impact of radionuclide discharges in terms of the resulting individual and collective radiation doses.
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Special cases: 3H, 14CSpecific Activity Models…
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
3H 3H2OAIRWATER
the dose rate (Sv/a) for 3H to the body of a representative member of the critical group;
the steady state concentration of 3H in atmospheric water vapour (Bq/L) at location x1 resulting from airborne releases,
the fraction of the total water intake that is derived from atmospheric water vapour at location x1
steady state concentration of 3H in water at location x2 resulting fromreleases to the aquatic environment (Bq/L)
the fraction of the total water intake of the potentially exposed person that is derived from water at location x2 that has been contaminated with aquatic discharges of tritiated water
the dose rate conversion factor (Sv/a per Bq/L of human body water content).
the concentration of 3H in air at location x1 (Bq/m3)
the absolute humidity of the atmosphere
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION,Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides, Part 5,
Compilation of Ingestion and Inhalation Dose Coefficients, ICRP Publication No. 72,Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York (1996).
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
14C 14CO2
the effective dose rate (Sv/a)
the specific activity (Bq 14C per gram of C) to which food products at location x will be chronically exposed
the fraction of total dietary carbon derived from location x by the representative member of the critical group
the effective dose rate factor that relates the annual dose rate (Sv/a) to the concentration of 14C per gram of carbon in people (Bq/g).
the concentration of 14C in air at location x (Bq/m3)
the concentration of airborne carbon, assumed to be 1.8 × 10–1 g/m3,corresponding to an average atmospheric CO2 concentration of 330 ppm
KILLOUGH, G.G., ROHWER, P.S., A new look at the dosimetry of 14C released to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, Health Phys. 34 (1978) 141–159.
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
1 Pre-AssessmentBuild the Situation Map
Acquire image maps;Geo-reference the maps;Build source pattern;Build receptor pattern. 2 Assessment
3 Wrapping-up
DRL{g; r, p, s, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
- g: critical group identifier;
- r: receptor identifier;
- p: pathway identifier;
- s: source identifier;
- n: nuclide
The Conformity criterion*
- L(p,s,n): current emission level (Bq/s);- g: critical group identifier;- r: receptor identifier;- p: pathway identifier;- s: source identifier;- n: nuclide
1,,,;
,,
,
nsprgDRL
nspL
rgC p s n
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Illustrative ExamplesIllustrative Examples
Example 1 One Source, One Receptor, One Nuclide
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
The cases are purely fictitious; the assessment is performed in a ‘blind run’ philosophy, using model’s default input values.
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
No. of Sources: 1No. of Receptors: 1Released Nuclide(s): 3HRelease Pathway: air
Example 1 One Source, One Receptor, One Nuclide
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Site Map Description: Northern Latitude (deg): 44.3592277Western Longitude (deg): 26.0336333Latitude Span (deg): 0.0185129Longitude Span (deg): 0.0311861
1 Pre-AssessmentBuild the Situation Map
Acquire image maps;Geo-reference the maps;Build source pattern;Build receptor pattern.
Example 1 One Source, One Receptor, One Nuclide
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
Source #1Latitude (deg.): 44.3514298Longitude (deg.): 26.0473757
1 Pre-AssessmentBuild the Situation Map
Acquire image maps;Geo-reference the maps;Build source pattern;Build receptor pattern.
Example 1 One Source, One Receptor, One Nuclide
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
RECEPTOR #1Latitude (deg): 44.3565349Longitude (deg): 26.0428868
1 Pre-AssessmentBuild the Situation Map
Acquire image maps;Geo-reference the maps;Build source pattern;Build receptor pattern.
Example 1 One Source, One Receptor, One Nuclide
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, p, s, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
Source: Source #1Receptor: Receptor #1Source to Receptor Distance (km): 0.67131475Receptor Sector No. (1 to 12): 12Nuclide: H-3Release to AIR
DOSE CRITERIA
Maximum Admissible Dose from Source, to population, (Sv in 1a): 0.00001Maximum Admissible Dose from Source, to workers (Sv in 1a): 0.00005========================D.40. The DERIVED RELEASE LIMIT based on Infant Dose (Bq/s): 923077.477D.41. The DERIVED RELEASE LIMIT based on Adult Dose (Bq/s): 923077.477D.42. The DERIVED RELEASE LIMIT based on Workers Dose (Bq/s): 4615387.38========================
C O N C L U S I O N
D.43. THE RECOMMENDED DERIVED RELEASE LIMIT FOR THE......ANNUAL AVERAGE DISCHARGE RATE TO ATMOSPHERE of H-3, Qi (Bq/s), is: 923077.477......The consequent admissible Total Annual Discharge to Atmosphere..... of H-3 is: 2.91101713e13 Bq, i.e 786.761387 Ci.......DERIVED RELEASE LIMIT FACTOR, Infants, DRLFi (1/Sv): 9.23077477e10......DERIVED RELEASE LIMIT FACTOR, Adults, DRLFa (1/Sv): 9.23077477e10
Example 1 One Source, One Receptor, One Nuclide
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
3 Wrapping-upThe Conformity criterion*
1,,,;
,,
,
nsprgDRL
nspL
rgC p s n
1
10*2.91101713
,,1
,,1,12,;1
,,1
,,,;
,,13
3
3
3
HaL
HaDRL
HaL
npsrgDRL
npsL
p n
Example 1 One Source, One Receptor, One Nuclide
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
AUTHORIZATION OPERATION
110*2.91101713
,,11,1
13
3
HaL
C
Estimated Release Quantity of 3H
3.5 * 1013 [Bq per a]
C[1,1] = 1.2023288
REJECTED
What is it good for…What is it good for…
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
AUTHORIZATION OPERATION
110*2.91101713
,,11,1
13
3
HaL
C
Estimated Release Quantity of 3H
3.5 * 1013 [Bq per a] 2.3 * 1013 [Bq per a]
C[1,1] = 1.2023288 C[1,1] = 0.7901018
REJECTED
APP
RO
VED
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
AUTHORIZATION OPERATION
110*2.91101713
,,11,1
13
3
HaL
C
Current Release Status of 3H2.51546 * 1013 [Bq]
0.5 * 1013 [Bq]
C[1,1] = 1.0358784
3.01546 * 1013 REJECTED
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
AUTHORIZATION OPERATION
110*2.91101713
,,11,1
13
3
HaL
C
Current Release Status of 3H2.51546 * 1013 [Bq]
0.5 * 1013 [Bq]
C[1,1] = 1.0357842.81546 * 1013
REJECTED
0.3 * 1013 [Bq]
C[1,1] = 0.9671739
APP
RO
VED
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
No. of Sources: 2No. of Receptors: 3Released Nuclide(s):
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Source Nuclide Pathway
Source #1 I-125I-131Cs-134
AirAirAir
Source #2 I-131Sr-90
AirAir
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
1 Pre-AssessmentBuild the Situation Map
Acquire image maps;Geo-reference the maps;Build source pattern;Build receptor pattern.
Source #1Latitude (deg.): 44.3514298Longitude (deg.): 26.0473757
Source #2Latitude (deg.): 44.3507566Longitude (deg.): 26.0489113
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
1 Pre-AssessmentBuild the Situation Map
Acquire image maps;Geo-reference the maps;Build source pattern;Build receptor pattern.
Source #1Latitude (deg.): 44.3514298Longitude (deg.): 26.0473757
Source #2Latitude (deg.): 44.3507566Longitude (deg.): 26.0489113
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
RECEPTOR #1Latitude (deg): 44.3565349Longitude (deg): 26.0428868
1 Pre-AssessmentBuild the Situation Map
Acquire image maps;Geo-reference the maps;Build source pattern;Build receptor pattern.
RECEPTOR #3Latitude (deg): 44.3432393Longitude (deg): 26.051077
RECEPTOR #2Latitude (deg): 44.3528043Longitude (deg): 26.0392247
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
1 Pre-AssessmentBuild the Situation Map
Acquire image maps;Geo-reference the maps;Build source pattern;Build receptor pattern.
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
DRL(g;12,1,a,n)
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
DRL(g;12,1,a,n)DRL(g;10,1,a,n)
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
DRL(g;12,1,a,n)DRL(g;10,1,a,n)DRL(g;6,1,a,n)
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
DRL(g;12,1,a,n)DRL(g;10,1,a,n)DRL(g;6,1,a,n)
DRL(g;12,2,a,n)
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
DRL(g;12,2,a,n)DRL(g;11,2,a,n)
DRL(g;12,1,a,n)DRL(g;10,1,a,n)DRL(g;6,1,a,n)
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
DRL(g;11,2,a,n)DRL(g;7,2,a,n)
DRL(g;12,2,a,n)DRL(g;12,1,a,n)DRL(g;10,1,a,n)DRL(g;6,1,a,n)
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
DRL(g;12,2,a,n)DRL(g;11,2,a,n)DRL(g;7,2,a,n)
DRL(g;12,1,a,n)DRL(g;10,1,a,n)DRL(g;6,1,a,n)
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
SOURCE #1 SOURCE #2
Receptor #1
Nuclide Nuclide
134Cs DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.66998346 Bq/s0.42476349 Bq/s2.12381746 Bq/s21128598.4 Bq 0.5710432e-3 Ci
131I DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.53372928 Bq/s3.64434313 Bq/s18.2217157 Bq/s16831686.7 Bq 0.45491045e-3 Ci
125I DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.49817987 Bq/s1.16820263 Bq/s5.84101316 Bq/s15710600.2 Bq0.42461082e-3 Ci
90Sr DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.11983303 Bq/s0.20212424 Bq/s1.01062122 Bq/s3779054.44 Bq 0.10213661e-3 Ci
131I DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.53369439 Bq/s3.64410492 Bq/s18.2205246 Bq/s16830586.3 Bq0.45488071e-3 Ci
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
SOURCE #1 SOURCE #2
Receptor #2
Nuclide Nuclide
134Cs DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.66998346 Bq/s0.42476349 Bq/s2.12381746 Bq/s21128598.4 Bq 0.5710432e-3 Ci
131I DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.53372971 Bq/s3.64434606 Bq/s18.2217303 Bq/s16831700.0 Bq 0.45491081e-3 Ci
125I DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.4981797 Bq/s1.16820225 Bq/s5.84101125 Bq/s15710595.2 Bq 0.42461068e-3 Ci
90Sr DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.11983303 Bq/s0.20212424 Bq/s1.01062122 Bq/s3779054.44 Bq 0.10213661e-3 Ci
131I DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.5336931 Bq/s3.64409612 Bq/s18.2204806 Bq/s16830545.7 Bq 0.45487961e-3 Ci
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
2 Assessment
DRL{g; r, s, p, n}
For each critical group, source, nuclide, receptor, and pathway - compute the DRL.
SOURCE #1 SOURCE #2
Receptor #3
Nuclide Nuclide
134Cs DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.66998448 Bq/s0.42476414 Bq/s2.12382069 Bq/s21128630.5 Bq 0.57104407e-3 Ci
131I DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.53374312 Bq/s3.64443761 Bq/s18.222188 Bq/s16832122.9 Bq 0.45492224e-3 Ci
125I DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.49818939 Bq/s1.16822496 Bq/s5.84112481 Bq/s15710900.6 Bq 0.42461893e-3 Ci
90Sr DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.11983303 Bq/s0.20212424 Bq/s1.01062122 Bq/s3779054.44 Bq 0.10213661e-3 Ci
131I DRLinfantsDRLadultsDRLworkersTotal adm.
0.5337708 Bq/s3.64462665 Bq/s18.2231332 Bq/s16832996.0 Bq 0.45494584e-3 Ci
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
3 Wrapping-upThe Conformity criterion*
Receptor #1
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
3 Wrapping-upThe Conformity criterion*
Receptor #2
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
3 Wrapping-upThe Conformity criterion*
Receptor #3
Example 2 Multiple Sources, Multiple Receptors, Multiple Nuclides
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
OPERATION
Receptor #1
Receptor #2
Receptor #3
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #1]
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #2]
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #3]
All but 131I, Source #1
All but 131I, Source #1
All but 131I, Source #1
131I, Source #1 [Bq]
131I, Source #1
131I, Source #1
0.75
L(1,a,131I)=4000000Max adm. 16830586.3 0.23766
131I 2B Relesed: 210000 Bq
0.65
L(1,a,131I)=3000000Max adm. 16830545.7
0.17824
0.70
L(1,a,131I)=4000000Max adm. 16832996.0
0.23763
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
OPERATION
Receptor #1
Receptor #2
Receptor #3
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #1]
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #2]
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #3]
All but 131I, Source #1
All but 131I, Source #1
All but 131I, Source #1
131I, Source #1 [Bq]
131I, Source #1
131I, Source #1
0.75
L(1,a,131I)=4210000Max adm. 16830586.3 0.25014
131I 2B Relesed: 210000 Bq
0.65
L(1,a,131I)=3000000Max adm. 16830545.7
0.17824
0.70
L(1,a,131I)=4000000Max adm. 16832996.0
0.23763
Res 0.25010
Wind from Source #1 towards Receptor #1 (sector 12)
>1
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
OPERATION
Receptor #1
Receptor #2
Receptor #3
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #1]
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #2]
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #3]
All but 131I, Source #1
All but 131I, Source #1
All but 131I, Source #1
131I, Source #1 [Bq]
131I, Source #1
131I, Source #1
0.75
L(1,a,131I)=4210000Max adm. 16830586.3 0.25014
131I 2B Relesed: 210000 Bq
0.65
L(1,a,131I)=3210000Max adm. 16830545.7
0.19072
0.70
L(1,a,131I)=4000000Max adm. 16832996.0
0.23763
Wind from Source #1 towards Receptor #1 (sector 12)
>1
Wind from Source #1 towards Receptor #2 (sector 10)
<1
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
OPERATION
Receptor #1
Receptor #2
Receptor #3
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #1]
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #2]
Current Release Status of The Compund [Receptor #3]
All but 131I, Source #1
All but 131I, Source #1
All but 131I, Source #1
131I, Source #1 [Bq]
131I, Source #1
131I, Source #1
0.75
L(1,a,131I)=4210000Max adm. 16830586.3 0.25014
131I 2B Relesed: 210000 Bq
0.65
L(1,a,131I)=3210000Max adm. 16830545.7
0.19072
0.70
L(1,a,131I)=4210000Max adm. 16832996.0
0.25010
Wind from Source #1 towards Receptor #1 (sector 12)
>1
Wind from Source #1 towards Receptor #2 (sector 10)
<1
<1
Wind from Source #1 towards Receptor #3 (sector 6)
REJECTED
APPROVED
APPROVED
Bogdan Vamanu, NIPNE, Romania EMRAS 2007 Spring Meeting, May 30 - June 1, 2007, Bucharest, Romania
He who has the bread and the knife tells the name of the game…
(Romanian popular wisdom)DRLs ARE NEGOCIABLE!The Dose Constraint (P factor)…
The Relevant Pathways…
Choosing the critical group…
Choosing the receptor configuration (number, locations, etc.)…
Other model parameters…
emission release heights,
diet,
irrigation regime, etc.
The Final Word?!..The Final Word?!..
Thank you.