ASSIGNMENT 1 GYROSCOPE - Top Engineering Colleg of... · ASSIGNMENT – 1 GYROSCOPE Theory 1. What is gyroscopic couple? Explain the principle of gyroscopic action and determine

THEORY OF MACHINES (2151902)

B.E. Semester – V Department of Mechanical Engineering Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 1

ASSIGNMENT – 1 GYROSCOPE

Theory

1. What is gyroscopic couple? Explain the principle of gyroscopic action and determine

the magnitude and direction of gyroscopic couple.

2. Derive an equation for gyro-couple with usual notations.

3. Explain gyroscopic effect in case of naval ships with a diagram. Show the

terminologies used to indicate sides, front and back of ship. Explain effect of

steering, pitching and rolling, assuming ship moves left and right direction

sequentially.

4. Explain gyroscopic couple and discuss its effect on an aero plane taking turns when

viewed from rear.

5. Explain the effect of the gyroscopic couple on the reaction of the four wheels of a

vehicle negotiating a curve.

6. Derive an expression for angle of heel of a two wheeler taking turn.

7. Discuss the effect of the gyroscopic couple on a disc fixed at a certain angle to a

rotating shaft.

Examples

1. The moment of inertia of an aero plane air screw is 20 kg.m2 and the speed of

rotation is 1250 rpm clockwise when viewed from the front. The speed of the flight

is 200 km/hr. calculate the gyroscopic reaction of the air screw on the aeroplane

when it makes a left hand turn on a path of 150 m radius. The turbine rotor of a ship

has a mass of 2.2 tones and rotates at 1800 r.p.m. clockwise when viewed from the

left. The radius of gyration of the rotor is 320mm. Determine the gyroscopic couple

and its effect when (1) Ship turns right at a radius of 250 m. with a speed of 25

km/hr. (2) Ship pitches with the bow rising at an angular velocity of 0.8 rad/sec. (3)

Ship rolls at an angular velocity of 0.1 rad/sec.

2. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 3500 kg. It has a radius of gyration of 0.45

m and a speed of 3000 rpm clockwise when looking from stern. Determine the

gyroscopic couple and its effect upon the ship: 1. when the ship is steering to left on

a curve of 100 m radius at a speed of 36 km/h 2. When the ship is pitching in a

simple harmonic motion, the bow falling with its maximum velocity. The period of

pitching is 40 seconds and the total angular displacement between the two extreme

positions of pitching is 12 degrees.



3. The turbine rotor of a ship has mass of 2000 kg and rotates at 25 r.p.s. clockwise

when viewed from the stern. The radius of gyration of rotor is 0.30 meter.

Determine gyroscopic couple and its effect when (i) the ship turns right at a radius

of 250 m with a speed of 25 kmph. (ii) The ship rolls at an angular velocity of 0.1

rad/sec.

4. The turbine of rotor of a ship has mass of 3000 kg. & radius of gyration of 0.4m, and

clockwise speed of 2500 r.p.m. when looking from stern. Determine gyroscopic

couple and its effect when (i) The ship steers to the left on curve of 100 m radius at a

speed of 36km/hr. and (ii) When the ship is pitching in S.H.M., the bow falling with

its maximum velocity. The period of pitching is 40 Sec.

5. A car is of total mass 2200 kg has the track width 1.5 m. Each wheel having an

effective diameter 0.66 m and the mass moment of inertia 2.4 kg m2.The mass

moment of inertia of rotating parts of the engine is 1.2 kg m2.Theengine axis is

parallel to the rear axle and the crankshaft rotates in the same sense as the road

wheels. The gear ratio of the engine to the rear wheel is 3.The center of mass of the

car is 0.55 m above the road level. If the car is rounding a curve of 80 m radius at a

speed of 100 km/h, determine the load distribution on the inner and outer wheels.

6. A four wheeled trolley car has a total mass of 3000 kg. Each axle with its two wheels

and gears have a total moment of inertia of 32 kg.m2. Each wheel is of 450mm

radius. The center distance between two wheels on an axle is 1.4m. Each axle is

driven by a motor with a speed ratio of 1:3. Each motor along with its gear has a

moment of inertia of 16 kg.m2 and rotates in the opposite direction to that of the

axle. The center of mass of the car is 1 m. above the rails. Calculate the limiting speed

of the car when it has to travel around a curve of 250m radius without the wheel

leaving the rails.

7. A two wheeler motor vehicle and its rider weight 225 kg and their combined center

of gravity is 600 mm above the ground level, when the vehicle is upright. Each road

wheel is of 600 mm diameter and has a moment of inertia of 1 kgm2. The rotating

parts of the engine have a moment of inertia of 0.175 kg m2. The engine rotates at

5.5 times the speed of the road wheels and in the same sense. Determine the angle of

heel necessary, when the vehicle is rounding a curve of30 m radius at a speed of 55

km/hr.

8. Find the angle of inclination with respect to the vertical of a two wheeler negotiating

a turn. Following data is given: combined mass of the vehicle with its rider 250 kg,

moment of inertia of the engine flywheel 0.3 kg.m2, moment of inertia of each road

wheel 1 kg.m2, speed of engine flywheel five times that of road wheels and in the



same directions, height of center of gravity of rider with vehicle 0.6 m, two wheeler

speed 90 km/h, wheel radius 300 mm, radius of turn 50 m.



ASSIGNMENT – 2 FRICTION DEVICES

1. A single plate clutch with both sides effective is to transmit 75 kW at 900 rpm. The axial

pressure is limited to 0.07 MPa. The coefficient of friction may be taken as 0.25. The ratio of

face width to mean radius is 0.25. Determine the outer and inner radii of clutch plate.

2. An industrial diesel engine develops 25 kW at 1000 rpm. The power is to be taken through a single plate clutch at the flywheel end. Design the clutch completely from the following data: Mean diameter of clutch=360 mm, Coefficient of friction μ = 0.25, No of springs=6, Spring Index=5, Modulus of rigidity G = 84000 MPa, Shear stress, τ = 350 MPa. Assume that 20% of addition force produces a deflection of 3 mm during disengagement. Also find driving shaft diameter.

3. Design a single plate clutch considering uniform wear criterion and effective two pair of contacting surfaces from the following specification:

Power to be transmitted = 40 KW

Speed = 1560 rpm

Service factor = 1.25

Permissible pressure for the lining = 0.4 MPa

Coefficient of friction = 0.3

Outer diameter = 300 mm

Permissible stress for shaft material = 45 MPa

4. A car engine has a maximum torque of 100 N.m. The clutch is a single plate with two acting

surfaces, the axial pressure is not to exceed 0.85 bar. The ratio of outer diameter to inner

diameter can be considered as 1.2. Find the dimensions of friction plate & axial force required

by springs. Assume µ = 0.3.

5. A multiple disc clutch is to transmit 4 KW at 750 rpm. Available steel and bronze discs are

40 mm inner radius and 70 mm outer radius are to be assembled alternately in appropriate

numbers. The clutch is to operate in oil with an expected coefficient of friction of 0.1 and

maximum allowable pressure is not to exceed 350 KPa. Assume uniform wear condition to

prevail and specify the number of steel (driving) and bronze (driven) discs required. Also

determine what axial force is to be applied to develop the full torque.

6. A multiplate clutch is used to transmit 5 KW power at 1440 rpm. The inner & outer diameters

of contacting surfaces are 50 mm and 80 mm respectively. The coefficient of friction and the

average allowable pressure intensity for the lining may be assumed as 0.1 and 350 KPa

respectively. Determine

(i) Number of friction plates & pressure plates

(ii) Axial force required to transmit power

(iii) The actual average pressure

(iv) Actual maximum pressure intensity after wear.



7. A Centrifugal clutch is to be designed to transmit 15 KW at 900 rpm. The shoes are four in

number. The speed at which the engagement begins is 3/4th of the running speed. The inside

radius of the pulley rim is 150 mm. The shoes are lined with Ferrodo for which the

coefficient of friction may be taken as 0.25.

Determine: (i) Mass of the shoes and

(ii) Size of the shoes. 8. A centrifugal clutch consists of four shoes, each having a mass of 2 Kg. Inner radius of the

drum is 140 mm in the engaged position. The distance of C.G. of the shoe from the axis of

rotation of the spider is 115 mm. µ = 0.2. The spring force at the beginning of the engagement

is 1400 N.

Calculate (i) The speed at which the engagement begins

(ii)The power transmitted by the clutch at 1200 rpm. 9. Find out mass of shoe, volume of shoe and maximum load of a spring of a centrifugal clutch for

following data: Power to be transmitted = 15 KW

No. of shoes = 4

Engagement begins at 75 % of the Running speed

Inside diameter of pulley rim = 32.5 cm

Distance of C.G. of shoe from the centre of the spider = 120 mm

Coefficient of friction the shoe and drum = 0.25

Running Speed = 720 rpm

Shoe is made up of C.I. for which the density = 7260 Kg/m3

10. A Centrifugal clutch is to be designed to transmit 20 kW power at 900 rpm. The shoes are four

in number. The speed at which the engagement begins is 80% of the running speed. The inner

diameter of the drum is 325 mm and the radial distance of the centre of gravity of shoe from

the axis of rotation of the spider in the engaged position is 140 mm. The angle of contact

subtended by friction lining of shoe at the centre of the spider is 40o.If the coefficient of friction

is 0.25 and the maximum permissible pressure intensity is 0.1 N/mm2, determine: (i) Mass of

each shoe and (ii) The size of the shoe.

11. The following specification refers to a centrifugal clutch:

Power to be transmitted = 30 KW

No. of shoes = 4

Running Speed = 950 rpm

The speed at which the engagement starts is 80 % of the Running Speed

Inner radius of drum = 120 mm

The radial distance of centre of gravity from the axis of spider = 100 mm

The normal intensity of pressure between friction lining and the drum = 0.2 MPa

The arc of contact subtended by friction lining of shoe at centre of spider is = 600

The material of friction lining is Ferrodo with coefficient of friction = 0.25



Find (i) capacity of the clutch Mass of each shoe and

(ii) size of each shoe.

12. A brake as shown in Fig.1 is fitted with a C.I. brake shoe.

The braking torsional moment = 360 N.m

The drum diameter = 300 mm

The coefficient of friction = 0.3

Find (i) force P for counter clockwise rotation

(ii) force P for clockwise rotation

(iii) where must the pivot be placed to make the brake self locking with clockwise rotation?

Fig.1

13. A simple band brake is shown in Fig. 2 is applied to a shaft carrying a flywheel of mass 400 kg.

The radius of gyration of the flywheel is 450 mm and runs at 300 rpm. The co-efficient of

friction is 0.2 and the brake drum diameter is 240 mm. Take b = 120 mm, l = 420 mm, = 210,

then find out the followings:

(i) The torque applied due to hand load of 100 N

(ii) The number of turns of the flywheel before it is brought to rest

(iii) The time required to bring it to rest from the moment of the application of the brake.

Fig.2



14. A band brake shown in Fig. 3 below is used to balance a torque of 980 N-m at the drum shaft.

The drum diameter is 400 mm (rotating in clockwise direction) and the allowable pressure

between lining and drum is 0.5 MPa. The coefficient of friction is 0.25. Design the steel band,

shaft, brake lever and fulcrum pin, if all these elements are made from steel having permissible

tensile stress 70 MPa and shear stress 50 MPa.

Fig.3

15. A differential band brake has a drum with a diameter of 800 mm. The two ends of the band are

fixed to the pins on the opposite sides of the fulcrum of the lever at distances of 40 mm and 200

mm from the fulcrum. The angle of contact is 270° and the coefficient of friction is 0.2.

Determine the brake torque when a force of 600 N is applied to the lever at a distance of 800

mm from the fulcrum.

Fig.4

16. A simple band brake (Fig. 5) is applied to a shaft carrying a flywheel of 250 kg mass and of

radius of gyration of 300 mm. the shaft speed is 200 rpm. The drum diameter is 200 mm and

the coefficient of friction is 0.25. Determine the

1. brake torque when a force of 120 N is applied at the lever end

2. number of turns of the flywheel before it comes to rest

3. time taken by the flywheel to come to rest.



Fig.5

17. A simple band brake is applied to a drum of 560 mm diameter which rotates at 240 rpm. The

angle of contact of the band is 270°. One end of the band is fastened to a fixed pin and the other

end to the brake lever, 140 mm from the fixed pin. The brake lever is 800 mm long and is

placed perpendicular to the diameter that bisects the angle of contact. Assuming the coefficient

of friction as 0.3, determine the necessary pull at the end of the lever to stop the drum if 40 kW

of power is being absorbed. Also, find the width of the band if its thickness is 3 mm and the

maximum tensile stress is limited to 40 N/mm2.

Fig.6

18. A crane is required to support a load of 1.2 tonnes on the rope round its barrel of 400 mm

diameter (Fig. 7). The brake drum which is keyed to the same shaft as the barrel has a diameter

of 600 mm. The angle of contact of the band brake is 275° and the coefficient of friction is 0.22.

Determine force required at the end of lever to support load. Take a = 150 mm and l = 750 mm.

Fig.7



19. A band and block brake has 14 blocks. Each block subtends an angle of 14° at the centre of the

rotating drum. The diameter of the drum is 750 mm and the thickness of the blocks is 65 mm.

The two ends of the band are fixed to the pins on the lever at distances of 50 mm and 210 mm

from the fulcrum on the opposite sides. Determine the least force required to be applied at the

lever at a distance of 600 mm from the fulcrum if the power absorbed by the blocks is 180 kW

at 175 rpm. Coefficient of friction between the blocks and drum is 0.35.

20. A band and block brake having 12 blocks, each of which subtends an angle of 16° at the centre,

is applied to a rotating drum with a diameter of 600 mm. The blocks are 75 mm thick. The

drum and the flywheel mounted on the same shaft have a mass of 1800 kg and have a

combined radius of gyration of 600 mm. The two ends of the band are attached to pins on the

opposite sides of the brake fulcrum at distances of 40 mm and 150 mm from it. If a force of 250

N is applied on the lever at a distance of 900 mm from the fulcrum, find the

1. Maximum braking torque

2. Angular retardation of the drum

3. Time taken by the system to be stationary from the rated speed of 300 rpm.

21. A car moving on a level road at a speed 50 km/h has a wheel base 2.8metres, distance of C.G.

from ground level 600 mm, and the distance of C.G. from rear wheels 1.2metres. Find the

distance travelled by the car before coming to rest when brakes are applied,

(i) to the rear wheels,

(ii) to the front wheels, and

(iii) to all the four wheels.

The coefficient of friction between the tyres and the road may be taken as 0.6.

22. A vehicle moving on a rough plane inclined at 10° with the horizontal at a speed of 36 km/h has

a wheel base 1.8 metres. The centre of gravity of the vehicle is 0.8 metre from the rear wheels

and 0.9 metre above the inclined plane. Find the distance travelled by the vehicle before

coming to rest and the time taken to do so when

(i) The vehicle moves up the plane, and

(ii) The vehicle moves down the plane.

The brakes are applied to all the four wheels and the coefficient of friction is 0.5.

23. The following data refer to a laboratory experiment with a rope brake: Diameter of the flywheel = 800 mm Diameter of the rope = 8 mm Dead weight on the brake = 40 kg Speed of the engine = 150 rpm Spring balance reading = 100 N Find the power of the engine.

24. In a belt transmission dynamometer, the driving pulley rotates at 300 rpm. The distance

between the centre of the driving pulley and the dead mass is 800 mm. The diameter of each of

the driving as well as the intermediate pulleys is equal to 360 mm. Find the value of the dead



mass required to maintain the lever in a horizontal position when the power transmitted is 3

kW. Also, find its value when the belt just begins to slip on the driving pulley, µ being 0.25 and

the maximum tension in the belt 1200 N.



ASSIGNMENT – 3 FLYWHEEL

Theory

1. What are turning moment diagrams? What information can be avail from them?

2. Draw and explain to the point turning moment diagram of a 4-Strokesingle cylinder

Engine.

3. Define the flywheel and state its importance. What are the functions of a flywheel?

What are the types of flywheels?

4. Explain the terms: Coefficient of fluctuation of speed and Coefficient of fluctuation of

energy.

5. Derive a relationship for the coefficient of fluctuation of speed in terms of maximum

fluctuation of energy and the kinetic energy of the flywheel at mean speed.

6. Derive equations for flywheel dimensions.

7. Explain in brief the working of flywheel in punching Press.

8. The mass of a flywheel is 5000 kg with radius of gyration 2 m and the mean speed of

an engine is 240 rpm. If the fluctuation of energy is 100 kN-m, find the maximum

and minimum speeds of the flywheel.

Examples

1. A flywheel, which is rotating at a maximum speed of 250 r.p.m. and is having radius

of gyration as 0.5 m, is attached to a punching press. The press is driven by a

constant torque electric motor and punches 750 holes per hour. Each punching

operation requires 14000 N-m of energy and takes 1.8seconds. If the speed of the

flywheel is not to fall below 225 r.p.m. Find: (i) power of the motor and (ii) mass of

the flywheel.

2. The turning moment diagram for a multi cylinder engine has been to drawn to a

scale of 1 mm to 500 N.m torque and 1 mm to 6° of crank displacement. The

intercepted areas between output torque curve and mean resistance line taken in

order from one end in sq. mm are,-30,+410,-280,+320,-330,+250,-360,+280,-260 sq.

mm when the engine is running at 800 RPM. The engine has a stroke of 300 mm and

the fluctuation of speed is not to exceed 2% of the mean speed. Determine a suitable

diameter and cross section of the Flywheel rim for a limiting value of the safe

centrifugal stress of 7 MPa. The material density maybe assumed as 7200 Kg/m3.

The width of Rim is to be 5 times the thickness.



3. The turning moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to a vertical scale of 1mm

= 5 N.m and a horizontal scale of 1 mm = 10. The turning moment repeats itself after

every half revolution of engine. The areas above and below the mean torque line are

305, 710, 50, 350, 980 and 275 mm2. The rotating parts amount to a mass of 40 kg

at a radius of gyration of 140 mm. Calculate the coefficient of fluctuation of speed if

the speed of the engine is 1400 rpm.



ASSIGNMENT – 4 GOVERNORS

Theory

1. What is a function of a governor? How does it differ from that of a flywheel?

2. Define (i) Hunting (ii) Sensitiveness (iii) Sleeve lift and (iv) Isochronism (v) stability

for governor.

3. Prove that a governor is stable if dF/dr> F/r, Where F is controlling force and r is

corresponding radius of rotation.

4. Classify governors and prove for Watt governor, height of the governor h = 895/ N

2.where N is speed of rotation of sleeve.

5. Describe the function of a Proell governor with the help of a neat sketch. Establish a

relation among various forces acting on the bent link.

Examples

1. A porter governor has equal arms 200mm long pivoted on the axis of rotation. The

mass of each ball is 3 kg and the mass on the sleeve is15 kg. The ball path is 120 mm

when the governor begins to lift and 160 mm at the maximum speed. Determine the

range of speed. If the fraction at the sleeve is equivalent to a force of 10 N, find the

coefficient of insensitiveness.

2. A porter governor has equal arms each 200 mm in length and pivoted on the axis of

rotation. The mass of each ball is 5 kg and the mass of sleeve is 25 kg. The radius of

governor is 100 mm when governor begins to lift. If the frictional increase of speed

is 1%, then determine the governor effort and power.

3. A Hartnell governor having a central sleeve spring and two right angled bell crank

lever operates between 290 r.p.m. and 310 r.p.m. for a sleeve lift of 15mm. The

sleeve arms and the ball arms are 80 mm and 120 mm respectively. The levers are

pivoted at 120 mm from the governor axis and mass of each ball is 2.5 kg. The ball

arms are parallel to the governor axis at the lowest equilibrium speed. Determine

stiffness of the spring.

4. A porter governor has all the four arms of 300 mm each. All the upper arms as well

as the sleeve arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation. The mass of each governor ball

is 1 kg. The mass of the sleeve is 20 kg. Find the speed of rotation, when the balls

rotate at a radius of 150 mm.



5. A Hartnell governor having a central sleeve spring and two right angles bell crank

levers operates between 290 rpm and 310 rpm for a sleeve lift of 15 mm. The sleeve

arms and the ball arms are 80 mm and 120 mm respectively. The levers are pivoted

at120 mm from the governor axis and the mass of each ball is 2.5 kg. The ball arms

are parallel to the governor axis at the lowest equilibrium speed. Determine: (i)

loads on the spring at the lowest and highest equilibrium speeds and (ii) stiffness of

the spring.

6. A porter governor having each of its four arms of 400 mm. The upper arms are

pivoted on the axis of the sleeve, whereas the lower arms are attached to the sleeve

at a distance of 45 mm from the axis of rotation. Each ball has a mass of 8 kg and the

load on the sleeve is 60 kg. Determine the equilibrium speeds for two extreme radii

of 250 mm and 300 mm of rotation of the balls.

7. The arms of a porter governor are each 25 cm long and pivoted on the governor axis.

Mass of each ball is 5 kg and mass of the central sleeve is 30 kg. The radius of

rotation of the balls is 15 cm when the sleeve begins to rise and reaches a value of 20

cm for maximum speed. Determine the range of the governor.

8. A Porter governor has arms of 380 mm long. The upper arms are pivoted at the axis

of the sleeve and lower arms are attached to the sleeve at a distance of 40mm from

the axis. Each fly ball has a mass of 5 kg and weight on sleeve is 45 kg. Find the range

of speed of the governor if the extreme radii of rotation of the balls are 250 mm and

300 mm. The force of friction on sleeve of mechanism is 30N.

9. The following data refers to a Hartnell governor. Length of horizontal arms of bell

crank lever = 40 mm and Length of vertical arms of bell crank lever = 80 mm, Mass

of each flying ball 1.2 kg. , The maximum radius of rotation = 100 mm, the minimum

radius of rotation = 70 mm, the distance of fulcrum to axis of rotation = 75 mm,

Minimum equilibrium speed = 400 rpm, Maximum equilibrium speed 5 % higher

than minimum equilibrium speed. Neglecting obliquity of arms determine: (I) spring

stiffness (ii) initial compression.



ASSIGNMENT – 5 DYNAMIC FORCE ANALYSIS

Theory

1. What is gyroscopic couple? Explain the principle of gyroscopic action and determine

the magnitude and direction of gyroscopic couple.

1. State and explain DAlembert’s principle.

2. Draw and explain Klein’s construction for determining the velocity and acceleration

of the piston in a slider crank mechanism.

3. What is meant by dynamically equivalent system? State and prove conditions for it.

4. Explain dynamically equivalent two mass systems.

5. Explain with neat sketch Bi-filar and Tri-filar suspension.

Examples

1. The lengths of crank and the connecting rod of a horizontal reciprocating engine are

300 mm and 1.5 m respectively. The crank is rotating at 120 r.p.m. clockwise .The

mass of the reciprocating parts of the engine is 290 kg where as the mass of the

connecting rod is 250 kg. The C.G. of the connecting rod is 475 mm from the crank

pin Centre and the radius of gyration of the connecting rod about an axis passing

through the C.G. is 625 mm. Find the inertia torque on the crank shaft analytically,

when θ = 400.

2. Solve the problem of above, graphically using Klein’s construction method.

3. In I.C .Engine Mechanism the Crank radius is 400 mm and Connecting rod is 950 mm

long. The diameter of piston is 100 mm and net gas pressure acting on the piston is

15 MPa. Find (1) Thrust in connecting road (2) Piston side exhaust (3) Torque acting

on Crankshaft (4) Radial force or load on main bearings when crank has made45°

from TDC.

4. A single cylinder vertical engine has a bore of 150 mm and a stroke of 200 mm. The

connecting rod is 350 mm long. The mass of piston is 1.6 kg and engine speed is

1800 r.p.m. On the expansion stroke with a crank at 300 from the top dead Centre,

the gas pressure is 750 kN/m2. Determine the net thrust on the engine.

5. The crank and connecting rod lengths of an engine are 125 mm and 500 mm

respectively. The mass of the connecting rod is 60 kg and its centre of gravity is 275

mm from the crosshead pin centre, the radius of gyration about centre of gravity

being 150 mm. If the engine speed is 600 rpm for a crank position of 45° from the



inner dead centre, determine using Klein’s construction. (1) The acceleration of the

piston (2) The magnitude, position and direction of inertia force due to the mass of

the connecting rod.

6. The crank and connecting rod of a vertical petrol engine running at 1800 rpm are 60

mm and 260 mm respectively. The diameter of piston is 100 mm and the mass of the

reciprocating parts is 1.2 kg. During the expansion stroke when the crank has turned

200 from the top dead center, the gas pressure is 600 kN/m2. Determine (i) net force

on the piston, (ii) net load on gudgeon pin, (iii) Thrust on the cylinder walls.

7. A horizontal gas engine running at 200 rpm has a bore of 200 mm and stroke of 400

mm. The connecting rod is 920 mm long and the reciprocating parts weigh20 kg.

When the crank has turned through an angle of 300 from inner dead center, the gas

pressure on the cover and the crank sides are 460 kN/m2 and 70 kN/m2

respectively. Diameter of piston rod is 50mm. Determine turning moment on the

crank shaft, and (ii) thrust on the bearings.

8. A connecting rod is suspended from the point 25 mm above the small end Centre

and 650 mm above its C.G. it takes 35 seconds for 20 oscillations. Find dynamically

equivalent system of two masses when the mass is located at small end Centre. Mass

of the connecting rod is 40 Kg.

9. The connecting rod of a reciprocating engine has a mass of 55 kg, distance between

the bearing centers is 850 mm, diameter of small end bearing is 75mm, diameter of

big end bearing is 100 mm, time of oscillation when the connecting rod is suspended

from the small end is 1.83 s and time of oscillation when it is suspended from the big

end is 1.68 s. Determine:(i) the radius of gyration of the connecting rod about an axis

passing through the mass centre and perpendicular to the plane of oscillation, (ii)the

moment of inertia of the connecting rod about an axis passing through its mass

centre and (iii) the dynamically equivalent system of the connecting rod comprising

two masses, one at the small end bearing centre.

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ASSIGNMENT 1 GYROSCOPE - Top Engineering Colleg of... · ASSIGNMENT – 1 GYROSCOPE Theory 1. What is gyroscopic couple? Explain the principle of gyroscopic action and determine