M.Ali HabibYumna QaiserMaham FarukhMahnoor TariqHamza Shahid

Project no 1

SCOPE AND HISTORY OF COMPUTER:

British mathematician Charles Babbage invented computer between 1833 to 1871. A computer is an electronic device that processes data,converting it in to information that is useful to people.

At the very beginning, the Main frame Computer was the model. However, as it was costly and required more staff, The Micro computers appeared afterwards, with the particularity of using microprocessors.

The highly used computer nowadays is the Super Computer which is very powerful and adapted for many tasks.

First generations Electronic computer(1937-1953)Second generation computers(1954-1962)Third-Generation computer(1972-1984)Fifth generations computers(1983-1990)Sixth generation computers(1990-Till Date)

SCOPE OF COMPUTER:

Certain characteristics of computer interaction can make computers well suited for distance learning. The features listed below the prospect of the computer use look more promising:

Routine daily tasks such as banking or buying groceries.

Active learner participations.

Linking of new learning to concrete on the job problems.

Follow up, feedback and implementation support from pears or experts.

Self direction control over stop or start, time and place of learning or communication activity.

Entering data or instructions into a computer is called input.

Therefore, an input device is a device which enters data or instructions into a computer.

Input devices are necessary to convert data into a form which can be understood by computers.

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Many input devices can be classified according to:

Classification of input devices.

Pointing devices, which are input devices used to specify a position in space, can further be classified according to:

Whether the input is direct or indirect. With direct input, the input space coincides with the display. Touch screens and light pens involve direct input. Examples involving indirect input include the mouse and trackball.

Some Input Devices are :-

Scanner Mouse

Bar Code Reader Keyboard

Joystick

A joystick looks like a stick fixed onto a box.

It controls the cursor on the screen, so we can say it is alternate to the mouse.

Most joysticks include two buttons called triggers.

Joysticks are used mostly for computer games.

This input device controls the cursor on the computer screen.

It is Invented by Douglas Engelbart of Stanford Research Center in 1963, and pioneered by Xerox in the 1970s.

It is quite easy to operate a mouse, the user simply moves the cursor along the table.

Once the cursor is at the desired location, the user can give instructions to the computer by clicking the button.

Keyboards come in different shapes and sizes depending on the type of brand. They are similar to typewriters.

The black and white lines printed on certain products which represent information like the country of origin, the price of it etc are bar codes.

They can be read by a bar code reader which are commonly used in Supermarkets and shops.

This looks like a photocopying machine, its function is to scan any document placed on its flat glass and send the contents to the computer.

Some major manufacturers of scanners include: Epson, Hewlett-Packard, Microtek, and Relisys.

Scanners usually come with software, such as Adobe's Photoshop product, that lets you resize and otherwise modify a captured image.

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form.

When  computer processed your data, you often need to produce output of the results. This output could be a display on the computer screen, hardcopy on printed pages, or even the audio playback of music you composed on the computer

Audio is music, speech, or any other sound. Video consists of images played back at speeds to provide the appearance of full motion.

Translate the data processed by the the computer in the format that people can understand,apperciate and work with such as Video,text & Image.

Some types of output are:

VideoAudioTextGraphics

Some Output devices are:-

MonitorSpeakers

Plotter

PrinterProjector

The monitor is one of the most important output devices, it is used to display text and pictures.

The monitor is also known as the Visual Display Unit (VDU)

The Speakers

Speakers are one of the most common output devices used with computer systems.

The speakers receive audio input from a device such as a computer or an audio receiver.

The purpose of speakers is to produce audio output that can be heard by the listener.

Speakers are transducers that convert electromagnetic waves into sound waves.

There are several types of printers, some are: Dot matrix- Consists of a print head with a number of

pins which move in and out to print in the form of dots. Ink- jet- Consists of a print head with a number of tiny

nozzles and coloured ink to form tiny dots. Laser- Prints images by transferring ‘ ink powder’ onto

a piece of paper using a laser beam.

The Projector

A Projector is an output device that can take images generated by a computer and reproduce them on a large, flat (usually lightly colored) surface. For example, Projectors are used in meetings to help ensure that all participants can view the information being presented. A Plotter is a type of printer that interprets commands from a computer to make line drawings on paper with one or more automated pens.

A plotter produces its output using special pens across the paper to create a drawing.

Engineers, architects and designers use plotters to produce their drawings or designs.

There are a number of different types of plotters such as Drum Plotter and Flatbed Plotter.

ANY QUESTION?

Any Questions?