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ASSIGNMENT
NICMAR / SODE OFFICE
1. Course - NCP 22
2. Course Title - Construction personnel Management
3. Assignment No. - One
4. Last date of receipt -
Of Assignment at CODE office
ASSIGNMENT
You are a Project Manager on site where work for 3K.m. long
Tunnel has been undertaken. The site is remote and takes about 2
days travel to nearest town. Supervisors, Technicians & Skilled
Workers are engaged in dangerous / hazardous work. Absenteeism
due to sickness, quarrels, drinking are adding to less output of
work and chances of accidents on site are increasing. Management
has urged to do something so that time targets can be achieved.
Discuss how will you tackle the problem and increase the output of
the work.
SOLUTION
Introduction of Main Problem: -
1. Absenteeism Due To Sickness
2. Absenteeism Due To Quarrels & Drinking
3. Accidents at site
4. Technical problems
Reasons of Various Problems: -
Lack of Manpower Management (or) Planning
Un-Hygienic surroundings & Temporary Accommodation
Lack of Medication
Consumption of Alcohol
Availability of Alcohol
Storage of materials
Roof Spalling
Water seepage
Needs and Their Fulfillment on Site: -
Lack of Manpower Management (or) Planning: -
Prepar
e a proper schedule of the Project and Assign Resources to
each Task i.e. each Activity, Assigning Resources means
Identify manpower required for each Task and what is the
availability of manpower and how much work has been done till
date and how much work is to be done. Identify Type of
manpower required i.e. Skilled (or) unskilled .If manpower is in
adequate try to get more manpower or Try to use the available
manpower Fully so that maximum amount of work to complete
and try to complete the Urgent woks such that it dose not effect
our project duration, reschedule the project and updated
schedule to head office and inform them weekly work progress
so that they can help you to overcome the manpower problem
(or) try to motivate the available manpower by giving extra
benefits if they complete the project in time. (or) if manpower is
very less than required then immediately inform head office so
that they can send some more manpower so that the project can
run smoothly
Suggestion & Recommendation to Management on
Manpower Management (or) Planning: -
Manpower planning involved some of steps if
the management and project manager follow these steps there
will be no problem due to the manpower in the project, because
the Tunnel project is a large project more number of manpower
is involved in the project and they are at different levels and
management has monitor all are working properly are not, if not
they have to have do some other arrangement are try to motivate
the manpower so that the project progress smoothly.
Understand the project in all respects and get all details of the
projects i.e.
Site condition, contract conditions, technical specifications,
construction techniques, and time frame.
Working out the labour component in various parameters of
the project .by using constants to workout labour requirement
Classifying and categorising labour requirement and various
jobs by level of skill, responsibility, nature of work etc.
Determine the duration of each job or task at every stage of
project.
Estimate the number of manpower required in view of the
anticipated of absenteeism and labour turnover and the
stability factor.
Manpower management has
some principles to follow that should be known by the project
manager and also the management of the company.
The principles are as follows:
Care and skill should be exercised in the selection of employees.
Introduction to the job should be friendly skillful and adequate.
Each employee should be made to feel that his efforts are really
appreciated.
Consideration should be given to the effect that each rule and
instruction may have on the feelings of employees.
Employees should have apart in planning those things that
affect their working conditions.
Management should be absolutely fair in every policy and every
practice.
Each employee should have a feeling of pride in the
worthwhileness of his work and his company.
Based on the construction programme and various
other norms, the administrative set up is worked out for
completion of project. It is proposed to have two Chief
Engineers (Level-1), one for head works and other for canal &
canal structures headed by the Project Manager. Under the Chief
Engineer (Head work) four circle offices will be proposed and
under the Chief Engineer (Canal & Canal Structures) three
Circle offices will be proposed. There will also be one Director
(Administration), one Director (Finance), one Director (Quality
Control) and one
Director (Technical) under the Project Manager. There will also
be attached
Superintending Engineer (Mechanical) under the each Chief
Engineer. All these offices will be suitably located for effective
monitoring and control over the execution of project. A chart
showing the administrative set up is shown below
Un-Hygienic surroundings & Temporary
Accommodation: -
Before Starting of the project Management has to well plan
because this project is long duration so manpower involved
will be more it is the one of the preliminary need for the
employees & workers.
Suggestion Methods for Hygiene Factors: - Management
has to well plan for the temporary shelters in such a way that
number of workers will be involved in the project and how
many shelters are required and for different category of
employees will be working at site and different types of
shelters should be constructed with different facility what all
materials required for construction any how much time
required to construct it so that all those thing should be
completed before starting of project, Management should
built temporary shelters for the workers who will be working
at site because the site is at remote area workers cannot be
able to say at there home and come for work it is the
preliminary requirement for the workers so management has
to take extra precautions, A site office also be built with all
necessary requirements, dinking water should be good
because most of diseases are spread by water so it is
important step to taken care by management.
Lack of Medication: -
Management should send a medical
team to site and they should stay there till completion of
project. They should be supplied necessary equipments and
medical kits so that they can manage any hazardous
situation i.e. any sudden accidents they can handle the
situation, any epidemic occurred they can over come that
situation. By this work will be smoothly progressed and
number of workers absenteeism will be reduced. Worker
who is sick will be taken care by medical team he will be
recovered quickly and he can start doing the work so that
manpower problem is solved.
Consumption and Availability of Alcohol: -
This is the major
problem with labour because they drink daily after work so
that they get some relief from whole day work and body
pains, but management should try to avoid drinking alcohol
or try to get them in limited dose so that they have it n just
go for sleep if they get it in excess quantities they will be
drinking whole night and next day they will be absenteeism
and also after excess drinking they start quarreling between
themselves it’s a big problem for the project manager while
quarreling they may be any accidents that leads to more
absenteeism that will also indirectly effects the progress of
project. If this quarreling happens regularly then
management has to take some precaution steps to handle
that problem. Such as try to avoid the availability of alcohol
near the site so that the labour cannot consume much
alcohol and this problem is solved and the project may
continue smoothly
Storage of Materials: -
This is also a major problem for such
a big project and at remote place materials will be at site well
before start of project so store rooms should be properly built
well in advance so that it will not create a problem while
execution of work for that what all employees required and
how many number required should be planned before so that
materials are properly handled by this only the cost of project
depends.
Roof Spalling: -
The management should have complete
knowledge of what all technical problem may occurs while
execution of project and it has to take proper precautions and
it should be well planned before so that it would not effect
the project duration, what are causes of the problems and
how to over come the problems.
The cause of roof spalling is type of formation of
rock, rock with excess of foliations, joint & poor rock mass
leads to the rock spalling.
Suggestion & Methods to over come Roof Spalling
Problem: -
Tunnel should be properly scaling to remove loose rock mass
& cement grouting should be done so that the rock will get
some extra strength so that it can hold properly it cannot be
fallen down easily
Tunnel should be properly provision of
steel ribs immediately so that it will be support on the steel
rids and work can be progress smoothly and project manager
should have all this materials well in advance because these
materials are required suddenly.
Water Seepage: -
The management should have complete
knowledge of what all technical problem may occurs while
execution of project and it has to take proper precautions and
it should be well planned before so that it would not effect
the project duration, what are causes of the problems and
how to over come the problems.
The cause of water seepage is manly due
to the discontinuous rock formation, Ground water table
height etc.
Suggestion & Methods to over come Water Seepage
Problem: -
While designing the tunnel they should provide proper
drainage system so that if the water is accumulating in the
tunnel it will affect the progress of work, so drainage system
should be such that water accumulated should be quickly
drained any from working space so that it dose not affect the
work progress. Or proper grouting should be done so that the
rock will get more strength so that it can stop the water
seepage into the tunnel. This is the easy method to over come
the seepage problem, the other method to overcome the
seepage problem covering the tunnel section with water
proofing membranes it will also not allow the water to
seepage into the tunnel so that work can be progress
smoothly.
Recommendation to Management: -
Top Management
should be more responsible and it should have to properly
monitor the progress of work and if any urgent needs at site
should be fulfilled as quickly as possible and it should see that
the lower and middle management is working properly are not.
If any accidents are hazardous situation then top management
has to urge to do some help to lower and middle management
so that they can over come the situation they must send some
team so that will help them and work will be progress
smoothly.
Tunnel project is a very large project it will take lot of time to
complete the whole project so management has to be well
prepared of all the fore coming situations i.e. labors problems,
absenteeism etc.
Management has to determine the
functions of each level of management it should be clear for all
the employees and management has to monitor such that each
employee is doing his duty properly are not.
FUNCTIONS OF TOP MANAGEMENT:
1. Determining the objectives
2. Framing policies & making plans to carryout the
objectives & policies.
3. Setting up the organizational framework to conduct the
operation as per plans.
4. Gathering the resources needed to put the plans into effect.
5. Controlling the operations through the organization.
Middle management is concerned with the task of implementing
the policies & plans chalked out by the top management. Middle
management consists of departmental heads exercise the usual
functions of management in respect of their own departments.
They have top plan the operations, issue instructions to their
assistants; collect the resources required & control the work of the
men under them.
FUNCTIONS OF MIDDLE MANAGEMENT:
1. Understanding the policies framed by top management.
2. Preparing the organizational set-up in their department.
3. Finding out the suitable operative & supervisory personnel
& fixing duties & responsibilities to them.
4. Arranging & issuing instructions to the assistants &
operatives.
5. Motivating the personnel for higher productivity.
6. Co-operating with other departments for smooth
functioning of organizations.
7. Collecting reports, statistical information & other records
about the work turned out in the respective departments &
forwarding the same to the top management.
8. Recommending to the top management new or revised
policies for their departments to obtain better performance.
LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT: -
It is the lowest level in the
administrative framework & actual operations are performed here.
Foremen supervisors assisted by a no of workers & clerks carryout
the actual operations as per schedule. Their authority &
responsibility is limited & they have to follow the lines drawn by
the higher levels of management. The foremen or supervisors are
responsible for carrying out work orders allotted to their respective
departments. They pass on the instructions of middle management
to the workers. The quality of the workmanship & quality of output
will depend upon the hard labor, discipline & loyalty of the
operating personnel.
Motivation of Employees in Construction Project: -
Motivation
is the driving force within individuals that drive them
physiologically and psychologically to pursue one or more goals to
fulfill their needs or expectations. Motivators may be intrinsic or
extrinsic. An example of an intrinsic motivator is the self-
fulfillment of a worker as a result of performing a task well.
Motivation of labor in Construction Project: -
Construction labor
can be motivated. This is important because dwindling
productivity is a major problem confronting construction today.
Productivity has decreased every year for the past decade, in part
because of increasing design complexity, more rigorous federal
and state regulations and socio-economic changes affecting the
work force. Our findings indicate that a highly motivated
workforce enhances productivity and project effectiveness.
In construction, the work itself—
that is, the building of a structure for all to behold is a key
motivator for all levels of management and the work force.
Therefore, a well-planned project seems to be the first — and most
important — step to achieve good productivity. Unfortunately, on
large industrial projects, craftsmen often receive only minimal
amounts of information about their work. Duplication of effort,
numerous modifications to plans, and schedules that consistently
slip makes it difficult to maintain a motivated workforce. On large
power plant projects, changes in design and problems with material
availability are considered the major demotivating factors. With
effective pre-planning, the availability of materials will be checked
before workers are assigned to an area so workers do not start in
one location only to have to be shifted to another location. Care in
this respect should improve worker motivation and productivity
and help promote a high level of accomplishment. Most foremen
and craftsmen take considerable pride in the work they do. Having
to rip out their work and redo it can be extremely discomforting. In
fact, if it is extensive, redoing parts of a project may be the worst
demotivator of all. Craftsmen view overcrowded conditions and
crew interference due to extensive rework as demotivating. Worse,
such problems can create hostile feelings as a result of the
frustration. Design standardization can help to minimize rework
and improve morale.
Motivational programs: -
Although some unique motivational
programs were found, the vast majority can be grouped into five
primary categories: goal setting, incentives, positive reinforcement
(i.e., recognition for a job well done), worker participation, and
work facilitation. The following presents a dissertation on each of
the five categories discussing first their use in other industries and
then their application to construction.
Absenteeism and Turnover: -
The Department of Energy study
indicated that the absenteeism and turnover are a relatively minor
concern to workmen. Still, they can have a major impact on total
project productivity. High rates of absenteeism are a concern,
however, to individuals who had to carry extra workloads to
compensate for missing crewmembers.
The low job satisfaction resulted in high absence
from work and high turnover. Thus absenteeism and turnover can
be viewed as effects of motivational Activities or demotivational
concerns. The cost of motivational programs is often justified by
the reduced absenteeism and turnover.
For example, the cost of M2 group
Engineering Pvt Ltd. Big Designing & Construction Company On
eight projects has been more than paid for by the reduction in
absenteeism and the reduced costs associated with hiring fewer
workmen. Director indicated that it required some amount per
employee to process paper work plus two to three weeks of each
new employee's time to learn the job. Again, the figures on
attendance and turnover measure the motivational effort that is
financially justified. Moreover, awards for good records are
perhaps the most effective method to decrease absenteeism.
Bibliography: -
Management in organization by Koontz and Odoneal, MacGraw
Hill Publicatio
Managing Director
Co-Ordination Chief AccountantMarketing ManagerPurchase ManagerProject ManagerTechnical Manager
Personal Offi cer
Time Offi ce SupervisorWelfare SupervisorWelfare Personal Supervisor
Site Engineer
Labours